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单词 distrain
释义

distrainn.

Etymology: < distrain v.
Obsolete.
1. = distraint n.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > legal seizure or recovery of property > [noun] > seizing lands or goods > attachment of person or property for debt > seizure of goods
naamlOE
distressc1290
distrainingc1380
stress1443
attachmenta1450
poinding1462
distraina1500
strain1526
distressing1599
excussion1622
multiplepoinding1642
namation1706
distraint1730
distrainment1756
a1500 in J. Raine Vol. Eng. Misc. N. Counties Eng. (1890) 59 No distreyn yt is made wt in ye sayd Burgage.
2. Restraint, control.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > [noun]
havingeOE
holdc1230
withholdingc1386
restrainingc1390
refraininga1398
repression?a1425
repressing1431
bridlingc1443
restraint1443
restrainc1449
repressurec1487
restingc1503
abstention1521
controlling1523
controlment1525
distrain1531
staying1563
control1564
refrain1568
retention1578
check1579
restrainment1579
refranation1583
cohibition1586
withholdment1640
curbing1661
coercion1827
chastenment1882
detent1907
clamp-down1940
1531 H. Latimer Let. Dec. in J. Foxe Actes & Monuments (1563) 1323/1 The kyngs highnes..did decree that al admitted of Uniuersities, shoulde preache through out all his Realme, as longe as they preached wel, without distreine of any man.
1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Distretta, a destraine, a trouble, an inconvenience.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1896; most recently modified version published online September 2021).

distrainv.

/dɪˈstreɪn/
Forms: Middle English–1500s destreyn(e, Middle English–1500s destrayne, distrayne, distreyne, (Middle English distrene, Middle English dystreyne, Middle English dystrayne, 1500s dystreine), Middle English–1700s distrein, 1500s–1600s distraine, 1500s– distrain; ScottishMiddle English–1600s des-, dys-, distrenȝe, distrinȝe.
Etymology: Middle English < Old French destreindre , -aindre ‘to straine, presse, wring, vexe extremely, straiten’ (Cotgrave), present stem destreign- , past participle destreint ; = Italian distrignere , -stringere ‘to distraine, distress, pinch, straiten’ (Florio) < Latin distringĕre to draw asunder, stretch out, detain, occupy, < dī- , dis- prefix 1a + stringĕre to squeeze, draw tight. In medieval Latin and Romanic, the prefix lost its sundering force, being probably confounded with de-, and distringĕre became merely intensive of stringĕre, as in modern Italian.
I. General senses: all Obsolete.
1.
a. transitive. To press, compress, or grasp tightly; to squeeze; to clasp tightly. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > pressing, pressure, or squeezing > press or squeeze [verb (transitive)]
thrutchc888
distrainc1381
thrust1382
pressc1390
compressc1400
thresta1425
bruisec1465
thrumble1513
squize1548
squiss1558
scruze1590
squeeze1601
vice1602
squish1647
birzea1774
squeege1787
appress1789
squidge1881
punch1903
mash1930
c1381 G. Chaucer Parl. Foules 337 The gentyl faucoun that with his feet distraynyth The kyngis hand.
c1390 G. Chaucer Proverbes Who so mychel wol embrace, Lytel þer-of he shal destreyne.
1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 372 b/1 Hit happed on a nyght that she distrayned her self by the throte that she was almost estrangled.
1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne xii. xii. 215 The Prince,..gently gan distraine Now him, now her, betweene his friendly armes.
b. To confine, bind, restrain. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fastening > binding or tying > bind or tie [verb (transitive)]
i-knitc1000
knitc1000
distrainc1374
lye1621
internect1664
c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Cambr.) ii. pr. vi. 42 A man..whiche þat visyous lustys holden destreyned with cheynes þat ne mowen nat be vnbownden.
c1386 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale ⁋195 Oure lord Ihesu crist..after that he hadde be bytraysed of his disciple, and destreyned and bounde.
c. figurative. To hold captive, or in constraint. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restraint depriving of liberty > deprive of liberty by restraint [verb (transitive)]
at-hold?c1225
to hold inc1300
withholda1325
distrainc1340
restrain1397
stressa1425
detain1485
to lay fast1560
constrain1590
enstraiten1619
embinda1628
pin1738
coerce1780
deport1909
c1340 R. Rolle Prose Treat. 18 Neuer-þe-lattere in þis maner felynge a saule may be distreynede by vayne glorye.
c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde i. 355 Oþere besye nedes hym destrayned.
2. figurative. To hold in its grasp, as disease, sickness, love; to distress, oppress, afflict. Obsolete.In quots. a1547, a1618 perhaps ‘to strain’.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > adversity > suffer (adversity or affliction) [verb (transitive)] > afflict
overharryeOE
aileOE
swencheOE
besetOE
traya1000
teenOE
to work (also do) (a person) woeOE
derve?c1225
grieve1297
harrya1300
noyc1300
travailc1300
to work (also do) annoyc1300
wrath14..
aggrievea1325
annoya1325
tribula1325
to hold wakenc1330
anguish1340
distrainc1374
wrap1380
strain1382
ermec1386
afflicta1393
cumbera1400
assayc1400
distressc1400
temptc1400
encumber1413
labour1437
infortune?a1439
stressa1450
trouble1489
arraya1500
constraina1500
attempt1525
misease1530
exercise1531
to hold or keep waking1533
try1539
to wring to the worse1542
pinch1548
affligec1550
trounce1551
oppress1555
inflict1566
overharl1570
strait1579
to make a martyr of1599
straiten1611
tribulatea1637
to put through the hoop(s)1919
snooter1923
the mind > emotion > suffering > cause of mental pain or suffering > cause mental pain or suffering to [verb (transitive)]
heavyc897
pineeOE
aileOE
sorryeOE
traya1000
sorrowOE
to work (also do) (a person) woeOE
angerc1175
smarta1200
to work, bake, brew balec1200
derve?c1225
grieve?c1225
sitc1225
sweam?c1225
gnawc1230
sughc1230
troublec1230
aggrievea1325
to think sweama1325
unframea1325
anguish1340
teen1340
sowa1352
distrainc1374
to-troublea1382
strain1382
unglad1390
afflicta1393
paina1393
distressa1400
hita1400
sorea1400
assayc1400
remordc1400
temptc1400
to sit (or set) one sorec1420
overthrow?a1425
visit1424
labour1437
passionc1470
arraya1500
constraina1500
misgrievea1500
attempt1525
exagitate1532
to wring to the worse1542
toil1549
lament1580
adolorate1598
rankle1659
try1702
to pass over ——1790
upset1805
to touch (also get, catch, etc.) (a person) on the raw1823
to put (a person) through it1855
bludgeon1888
to get to ——1904
to put through the hoop(s)1919
c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde iii. 1479 (1528) No word for sorwe she answerede, So sore gan his partyng here destreyne.
c1430 J. Lydgate Compl. Black Knight xx And overmore distrayned with sicknesse Beside all this he was full grevously.
1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 266 b/1 The man of god..destrayned his body by soo grete trauaill of fastynges and wakynges that he languyssed in contynuel maladye.
a1547 Earl of Surrey Poems (1964) 1 Ragyng love with extreme payne Most cruelly distrains my hart.
a1618 W. Raleigh Remains (1644) 121 Distrained with the wringing fits of his dying flesh.
3. To control by force, restrain, subdue. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > subjecting or subjugation > subject [verb (transitive)]
wieldOE
i-weldeOE
onwaldOE
overwieldlOE
amaistera1250
underlaya1300
daunt1303
underbringc1320
yoke?c1335
undercasta1340
afaitec1350
faite1362
subjecta1382
to make subjectc1384
distraina1400
underlouta1400
underthewa1400
underset1422
subjectc1460
subjuge?1473
submise?1473
dompt1480
suppedit?1483
to keep under1486
abandon1487
bandon?a1500
suppeditatec1545
to bring under1563
reduce1569
assubject1579
overpower1597
envassal1606
assubjugate1609
vassal1612
subact1619
vassalize1647
vassalate1659
to school down1818
to ride herd on (also over)1895
a1400–50 Alexander 4244 A Kyng with-outen cunnyng, he can noȝt distreyne His subi[e]ctis.
c1530 Spirituall Counsayle H ij Howe by his wysdome on the Crosse he hathe distrayned all the power of the devyll.
4. To constrain, force, or compel (a person to do something). Obsolete. (Hence the legal sense 7.)
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > compel [verb (transitive)] > to do something
holdc1275
piltc1275
constraina1340
strength1340
distrainc1374
compelc1380
makec1395
distressa1400
stressa1400
art?1406
putc1450
coerce1475
cohert1475
enforce1509
perforce1509
forcec1540
violent?1551
press1600
necessitate1601
rack1602
restrain1621
reduce1622
oblige1632
necessiate1709
c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde v. 596 Distreyne here herte as faste to retorne, As þow dost myn to longen here to se.
c1386 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale ⁋35 Penitence destreyneth a man to accepte benygnely euery peyne..enioyned.
c1400 tr. Secreta Secret., Gov. Lordsh. (1898) 62 Who destreyns þe to swere ofte?
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xii. 338 Thar gret vaward alsua Wes distrenȝeit the bak till ta.
5. To strain out, express; to extract by pressing or straining. (In quot. 1563, intransitive for reflexive.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > freedom from impurities > removal of impurities > straining > strain [verb (transitive)] > remove by straining
distrainc1400
strain1526
c1400 tr. Secreta Secret., Gov. Lordsh. (1898) 85 His properte ys, to make stalworthe þe stomak, & destreyne & purge þe euyl and rotyn humours þat er in þe stomak.
1563 B. Googe Eglogs Epytaphes & Sonettes sig. I.viiv The gryefe so sore, doth growe in euery parte, Distraynyng through the venomed vaines doth so torment the Hart.
1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 150 Coffa or Coho, a drinke..blacke, thicke and bitter; distrained from Berries of that quality.
6.
a. To pull or tear off. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Ezek. xvii. 22 Y shal take of the merewȝ of the heeȝ cedre, and I shal putte of the cop of his braunchis; the tendre I shal distreyne, [a1425 L.V. streyne, L. distringam].
b. To rend or tear asunder. [After Latin senses.] Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > tearing or tearing apart > tear [verb (transitive)] > tear apart
to-loukc890
to-braidc893
to-tearc893
to-teec893
to-rendc950
to-breakc1200
to-tugc1220
to-lima1225
rivea1250
to-drawa1250
to-tosea1250
drawa1300
rendc1300
to-rit13..
to-rivec1300
to-tusec1300
rakea1325
renta1325
to-pullc1330
to-tightc1330
tirec1374
halea1398
lacerate?a1425
to-renta1425
yryve1426
raga1450
to pull to (or in) piecesc1450
ravec1450
discerp1483
pluck1526
rip1530
decerp1531
rift1534
dilaniate1535
rochec1540
rack1549
teasea1550
berend1577
distract1585
ream1587
distrain1590
unrive1592
unseam1592
outrive1598
divulse1602
dilacerate1604
harrow1604
tatter1608
mammocka1616
uprentc1620
divell1628
divellicate1638
seam-rend1647
proscind1659
skail1768
screeda1785
spret1832
to tear to shreds1837
ribbon1897
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. xii. sig. Bb2 That same net so cunningly was wound, That neither guile, nor force might it distraine.
II. Law. [The earliest use recorded, but etymologically a specific application of 4.]
7. transitive.
a. To constrain or force (a person) by the seizure and detention of a chattel or thing, to perform some obligation (as to pay money owed by him, to make satisfaction for some wrong done by him or by his beasts, or to perform some other act, e.g. to appear in court); to punish by such seizure and detention for the non-performance of such obligation. (See distress n. II.) Obsolete exc. Historical, or as included in c.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > legal seizure or recovery of property > [verb (transitive)] > seize for debt > seize debtor's goods > seize goods of
distrainc1290
strainc1450
stress1521
c1290 Beket 758 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 128 Non Erchebishop of Caunturburi nas neuere i-somoned so, Ne so destreyned of no king [v.r. of nothing].
1292 Britton i. xxvii. [xxvi]. §1 Le viscounte face destreyndre les trespasours par lour avers et par lour chateus.]
1414 Corr. Priory Coldingham (1841) 86 Full power and autorite..the same tenantz and tenantdris til distreyn and hald, till all rerages and dettes..be assethid.
1512 Act 4 Hen. VIII c. 19 §9 For none payment therof to destreyn the seid persones so beyng behynde by their goodes and catalles.
1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 142 To make sommons, and distreyne for lacke of appearaunce, all and euery Tenant of the sayd Abbot.
1671 F. Philipps Regale Necessarium 467 He refused to give leave..to distrein the Bishop of St. Davids in Parliament time.
1895 F. Pollock & F. W. Maitland Hist. Eng. Law I. 335 After distraining the tenant by his chattels, the lord may obtain from his seignorial tribunal a judgment authorizing him to distrain the tenant by his land.
1895 F. Pollock & F. W. Maitland Hist. Eng. Law II. 574 Observe that [in the 13th c.], when words are correctly used, one does not distrain a thing; one distrains a man by (per) a thing.
b. with infinitive or subordinate clause, expressing the purpose.
ΚΠ
c1290 Beket 748 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 128 Seint thomas londes into is hond his men nome, Ase it were for-to destreynen him þat he to his court come.
c1315 Shoreham 72 Destrayned be he scholde, Be rytte To do hyt ȝyf that he may.
1609 J. Skene tr. Regiam Majestatem 27 He may be distrenzied in his lands, to come to court.
1629 Vse of Law 25 in J. Doddridge Lawyers Light Commanding him [sc. the Sheriffe] to distraine them by their Lands to appear at a certaine day.
1641 Art. against Sir H. Davenport in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll.: Third Pt. (1692) I. 335 That he should distrain James Maleverer, Esq; to appear before the Barons of his Majesty's said Court of Exchequer.
1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. Govt. 294 All such as ought to be Knights and are not, shall be distrained to undertake the weapons of Knighthood.
1767 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. (new ed.) II. 135 The widow shall pay nothing for her marriage, nor shall be distreined to marry afresh.
1895 F. Pollock & F. W. Maitland Hist. Eng. Law I. 334 The lord's handiest remedy is that of distraining his tenant to perform the services that are in arrear.
c. In later usage: To levy a distress upon (a person), in order by the sale of the chattels to obtain satisfaction for a debt, particularly for arrears of rent. (But the usual construction in this sense is to distrain upon: see 8b.)
ΚΠ
1768 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued I. i. 45 When Squire Peremptory distrained his tenant for rent, perhaps he [etc.].
1772 S. Denne & W. Shrubsole Hist. Rochester 46 Who had been distrained for the repair of the head of the bridge.
1818 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. (ed. 2) III. 201 A peer could, therefore, never be arrested for debt; the law presuming that he had sufficient lands and tenements in which he might be distrained.
8.
a. absol. or intransitive. To levy a distress. Const. for (a thing). Originally in order to compel the defaulter, by detention of the thing seized, to pay money due or perform an obligation; but in later use including the power to obtain satisfaction by sale of the chattels. See distress n. 3.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > legal seizure or recovery of property > [verb (intransitive)] > seize goods for debt
distrainc1350
pound1439
poind1495
c1350 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 362 Ȝif eny þo þat nymeþ rente of eny tenement in fraunchyse of þe Citee, and his rente holleche be by-hynde, oþer half oþer more and he ne fynde for to dystreyne.
1463 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 27 If my wil be nat devly executyd in eche part, they to haue pover to distreyne.
1512 Act 4 Hen. VIII c. 11 To distreyne for the same rentes in the seid Maners.
1513 Will of Robert Fabyan in R. Fabyan New Chrons. Eng. & France (1811) Pref. p. ix I geve full power over the said churchwardeyns..to distreyn wtin any of the foresaid londs and tenements..and the distres so taken to withold & kepe till the said annuytie..be fully contented and paied.
1552 in Vicary's Anat. Bodie of Man (1888) App. iii. 152 It shalbe laufull for any offycer of the said Cytie..to dystreine for the same [yearly rent].
1649 Articles of Peace with Irish Rebels 27 Any seven or more of them, in case of refractories, or delinquencie may distrain and imprison.
1764 R. Burn Hist. Poor Laws 251 Where power is given to distrain, it seemeth reasonable that power should be given to come at the goods.
1863 H. Fawcett Man. Polit. Econ. ii. vii. 237 The landlord had of course a legal right to distrain for the rent.
b. Const. upon, on a person or thing. (With indirect passive to be distrained upon.)
ΚΠ
1605 W. Camden Remaines (1984) 234 I will not lend money to my superiour, upon whom I cannot distrain for the debt.
1689 in Colonial Rec. Pennsylvania (1852) I. 311 He was distreyned upon by Cornelius Empson, for Contrey Rates.
1812 Examiner 7 Sept. 570/2 He was..threatened..to be distrained on for the assessment and surcharge.
1861 C. H. Pearson Early & Middle Ages Eng. xxxiv He or his heirs might distrain on them if this were neglected.
1891 Punch 25 Apr. 195/2 The total failure of my last attempt to distrain on the stock of a neighbouring farmer.
figurative.a1658 J. Cleveland Clievelandi Vindiciæ (1677) 2 The Airy Freebooter distrains First on the Violet of her Veins, Whose Tincture could it be more pure, His ravenous kiss had made it blewer.a1678 A. Marvell in Compl. Poems (1972) 213 When daring Blood his rent to have regained Upon the English diadem distrained [etc.]
9. transitive. To seize (chattels, etc.) by way of distress; to levy a distress upon. archaic.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > legal seizure or recovery of property > [verb (transitive)] > seize for debt > seize debtor's goods
pound1398
poindc1430
stress?c1430
pind1437
distressc1450
strain1455
strain1503
distrain1530
fence1570
excuss1726
naam1895
1530 St. German's Secunde Dyaloge Doctour & Student xxvii. f. lxxviv A pounde..to put in beestes that be dystrayned.
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II ii. iii. 130 My fathers goods are all distrainde and sold. View more context for this quotation
1671 F. Philipps Regale Necessarium 490 The Laws or reasonable Customs of England will not permit a Horse to be destrained when a Man or Woman is riding upon him.
a1713 T. Ellwood Hist. Life (1714) 66 If you have no Money, you have a good Horse under you; and we can Distrain him for the Charge.
1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. 256 All process whereby the person of any embassador..may be arrested, or his goods distreined or seised, shall be utterly null and void.
1848 J. J. S. Wharton Law Lexicon 186 All chattels and personal effects, found upon the premises, may be distrained, whether they belong to the tenant or to a stranger.
10. Extensions or loose uses of the legal senses.
a. To deprive (a person) of (something). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > loss > taking away > take away [verb (transitive)] > deprive (of)
benimc890
to do of ——eOE
bedealc1000
disturbc1230
bereavec1275
reave?a1300
acquitc1300
benemec1300
deprivec1330
privea1382
subvertc1384
oppressc1395
abridgea1400
to bate of, from1399
lessa1400
nakena1400
dischargea1425
privatec1425
to bring outa1450
abatec1450
sever?1507
spulyie?1507
denude1513
disable1529
distrain1530
destituec1540
destitutec1540
defalk1541
to turn out of ——1545
discomfit1548
wipe1549
nude1551
disannul?a1556
bereft1557
diminish1559
benoom1563
joint1573
uncase1583
rid1585
disarm1590
visitc1592
ease1600
dispatch1604
unfurnisha1616
rig1629
retrench1640
unbecomea1641
disentail1641
cashier1690
twin1722
mulct1748
fordo1764
to do out of ——1796
to cut out1815
bate1823
deprivate1832
devoid1878
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 522/1 I distrayne a persone of his lybertye, or plucke some thynge from hym that belongeth him.
b. To seize, confiscate, annex. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > taking > seizing > seize [verb (transitive)] > by (public) authority
achete?a1439
encheata1464
confisk1474
prizea1500
sequestera1513
confiscatea1533
distraina1616
expropriate1875
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) i. iv. 60 Here's Beauford, that regards nor God nor King, Hath here distrayn'd the Tower to his vse. View more context for this quotation
1676 T. Hobbes tr. Homer Iliads xi. 622 I then went his Cattle to destrain, And take amends for those he took of mine.
1727 A. Hamilton New Acct. E. Indies I. viii. 86 They first built a Sconce..both to secure themselves from sudden Attacks or Surprize, as well as to hold what they might distrain from the poor Peasants.

Derivatives

diˈstrained adj.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > legal seizure or recovery of property > [adjective] > liable to be levied upon for debt > seizing goods for debt > having goods seized
distrained1530
1530–1 Act 22 Hen. VIII c. 12 If any such person..distreined appere not at the day and place conteyned in suche distresse.
diˈstraining n. and adj.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > legal seizure or recovery of property > [noun] > seizing lands or goods > attachment of person or property for debt > seizure of goods
naamlOE
distressc1290
distrainingc1380
stress1443
attachmenta1450
poinding1462
distraina1500
strain1526
distressing1599
excussion1622
multiplepoinding1642
namation1706
distraint1730
distrainment1756
society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > legal seizure or recovery of property > [adjective] > liable to be levied upon for debt > seizing goods for debt
distraining1887
c1380 J. Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 302 Stelyng of chartris, and distreynyng of ȝonge eiris.
1672–3 A. Marvell Rehearsal Transpros'd i. 244 They reckon there would be little got by distraining.
1887 Spectator 4 June 760/1 To give instant warning of the approach of the distraining parties.
1895 Daily News 25 Jan. 5/3 The Judge..has been saying some severe things on the subject of distraining bailiffs.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1896; most recently modified version published online December 2020).
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英语词典包含1132095条英英释义在线翻译词条,基本涵盖了全部常用单词的英英翻译及用法,是英语学习的有利工具。

 

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更新时间:2025/3/24 2:10:29