alternadj.adv.

Brit.

/ˈɔːltəːn/,

/ˈɒltəːn/, U.S.

/ˈɔlˌtərn/,

/ˈɑlˌtərn/

Forms: 1500s–1600s alterne, 1600s– altern.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin alternus.

Etymology: < classical Latin alternus alternate, every other < alter another (see alter n.) + -nus , suffix forming adjectives. Compare Middle French, French alterne (1555 in Middle French in sense ‘alternate’ in an isolated attestation, subsequently from a1670 in technical uses in geometry, botany, and medicine, of which the earliest is angles alternes (plural; compare quot. 1636 at sense A. 2); earlier in senses ‘applying to several people in turn (a1480, with reference to the redemption of two brothers)’ and ‘constituting an alternative’ (c1500)); compare also Spanish alterno (first half of the 15th cent.; 1585 in geometry, in ángulo alterno ), Italian alterno (a1542; 1573 in geometry in angoli alterni , plural), all in sense A. 2. With the specific use in sense A. 1, unparalleled both in Latin and in the Romance languages, compare the earlier corresponding uses of quartan adj., tertian adj. Compare earlier alternate adj. and later alternant adj., alternating adj. With the use as adverb compare later alternate adv. N.E.D. (1884) gives the pronunciation as (æ̆ltə̄·ɹn, ǫltə̄·ɹn; æ·ltəɹn, ǭ·ltəɹn) /ælˈtɜːn/, /ɒlˈtɜːn/; /ˈæltən/, /ˈɔːltən/.

Now rare.

A. adj.

†1. As a postmodifier: designating an intermittent fever that recurs on alternate days; = tertian adj. 1. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > fever > [adjective] > other fevers

slowc1300

hectic1398

remitting1583

altern1594

hectical1614

hective1642

remittent1670

imputrid1684

intercurrent1684

aestuous1708

angiotenic1799

anabatic1811

masked1833

hyperpyretic1876

hyperpyrexial1896

hyperpyrexic1897

tularaemic1954

1594 A. Hume Treat. Conscience sig. 2^v It pleased God to visite me with a Feuer alterne, quhilk vulgarly wee call the Excesse, In sik sorte, that all warldly cares and impediments were remooued.

2. Alternate, alternating. poetic in later use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > change > alternation > [adjective]

every other1389

alternatea1535

alternative1540

alternal1576

altern1636

1636 W. Bedwell tr. P. de la Ramée Via Regia ad Geometriam v. 65 The alterne angles are made acute and obtuse: As also the outter and inner opposite are likewise made acute and obtuse.

1638 R. Brathwait Bessie Bell in Barnabees Journall (new ed.) sig. Ee Bessie Bell: Englished; to be sung in Alterne Courses, & Moderne voyces.

1644 H. Rider tr. Horace Odes iii. xxviii With altern share We Neptune will extoll [L. nos cantabimus invicem Neptunum].

1713 J. Hill Arithmetick 119 The Numerators of the two last Terms, and their altern Denominators, may be severally abbreviated.

1781 W. Hawkins Poems on Var. Subj. 90 So joys and cares thro' various life Altern emotions raise.

1838 U.S. Mag. & Democratic Rev. Apr. 29 Their power is felt and owned by every breast, And by their sway altern are mortals cursed or blessed.

1868 ‘G. Eliot’ Spanish Gypsy i. 61 When with obliquely soaring bend altern She seems a goddess quitting earth again.

1907 F. Thompson Wks. I. 213 Of day and night is variance none, Who know not altern moon and sun.

3. Crystallography. Of a crystal: exhibiting upper and lower faces which correspond in form, but alternate with each other in the position of their sides and angles. Now rare.

ΚΠ

1871 L. Colange Zell's Pop. Encycl. I. 72/3 Altern, exhibiting in two parts, an upper and a lower part, faces which alternate among themselves, but which, when the two parts are compared, correspond with each other.

1920 A. H. Fay Gloss. Mining & Mineral Industry 28/1 Altern, a crystal form having opposite parts corresponding in form, but alternating with each other in the position of sides and angles.

†B. adv.

poetic. In turns, alternately. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > change > alternation > [adverb]

changeablyc1384

alternately1432

interchangeably1483

handy-dandya1529

time about1537

by course1548

at (by) intervals1588

alternatively1591

reciprocally1603

by reprises1607

alternally1627

alterably1635

altern1667

alternate1715

by vicissitudes1749

alternatingly1845

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vii. 348 The greater to have rule by Day, The less by Night alterne .

1757 J. Dyer Fleece iii. 90 Which open to the woof, and shut, altern.

1792 D. Lloyd Voy. Life 141 Who sang altern Of nature, and accordant providence.

1805 J. Grahame Sabbath (ed. 2) 52 The trumpet sounds Pursuit and flight altern.

1877 P. J. Bailey Festus (ed. 10) xviii. 261 Boethius, here, Synesius, sing and teach Altern in heartiest hymns the God all natures preach.

Compounds

altern base n. Geometry (now historical) (in a triangle) the difference (or the sum) of the two line segments formed when a perpendicular is dropped from the vertex to the base (or the base produced); also called alternate base.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [noun] > element of > base > altern base

altern base1630

alternate base1631

1630 W. Batten Most Easie Way Finding Sunnes Amplitude 4 From the Product substract the differentiall of ½ the true base, and the remainer shall be the differentiall of the alterne ½ base: which ½ alterne base added to the true ½ base is the greater case.

1784 S. Dunn Tables Correct & Conc. Logarithms p. xi/2 In any Plane Triangle; as Half the Base is to Half the Sum of the Legs, so is Half the Difference of the Legs to Half the Altern Base.

1826 T. Keith Introd. Theory & Pract. Plain & Spherical Trig. (ed. 5) iii. iv. 179 The distance of a perpendicular from the middle of the base, or as some writers call it the altern, or alternate base, is always equal to half the difference of the segments of the base, when the perpendicular falls within the triangle.

1915 G. A. Gibson in C. G. Knott Napier Tercentenary Memorial Vol. 123 Napier takes b as the base; if D is the projection of B on AC then CD is the greater case, AD is the less, and CE, the difference between CD and AD, is the ‘altern base’.

Derivatives

† alternly adv. Obsolete alternately; one after the other.

ΚΠ

1636 W. Bedwell tr. P. de la Ramée Via Regia ad Geometriam v. 65 Therefore alternly, As the acute unto the acute: so is the obtuse, unto the obtuse.

1793 R. Rawlins Diss. on Struct. Obstetr. Forceps 76 He must then wait patiently until the separation of the placenta takes place by a still further contraction of the uterus, which is known by pains alternly coming on.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

alternv.

Brit.

/ɔːlˈtəːn/,

/ɒlˈtəːn/, U.S.

/ɔlˈtərn/,

/ɑlˈtərn/

Forms: late Middle English alten (transmission error), late Middle English 1600s– altern.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin alternāre.

Etymology: < classical Latin alternāre (see alternate v.). Compare later alternate v., and see the foreign-language parallels cited at that entry.In quot. 1811 at sense 1 after Spanish alternar (see alternate v.). N.E.D. (1884) gives the pronunciation as (æ̆ltə̄·ɹn, ǫltə̄·ɹn; æ·ltəɹn, ǭ·ltəɹn) /ælˈtɜːn/, /ɒlˈtɜːn/; /ˈæltən/, /ˈɔːltən/.

rare in later use.

1. transitive. To alternate (something). Also intransitive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > change > alternation > alternate [verb (transitive)]

altern1447

entermetea1500

interchange1561

interpose1602

alternate1605

interplace1650

interleave1802

interleaf1900

1447 O. Bokenham Lives of Saints (Arun.) (1938) l. 10424 (MED) Eftsonys she low..And aftyr wept ageyn..She altenyd [read alternyd] þe tyme meruelously.

c1450 ( J. Walton tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Linc. Cathedral 103) 333 (MED) [God] alterneþ [L. alternat] noght His presence be stoundes of þi þoght..Bot he..compaseth the chaunginge of þi þoghtes all arowe.

1811 F. Fernandez First Dict. Eng. & Spanish Alternar, to altern.

1824 P. E. Laurent tr. Pindar Odes I. 344 In revolving days time alterning, brings now this, now that.

1994 C. Gaspin & E. Westhof in A. Schulze-Kremer Adv. in Molecular Bioinformatics 121 The user can select pairings and unpairings of interest following an interactive way where arc-consistency and selection procedures are alterned.

†2. transitive. Mathematics. To interchange or transpose (the two middle terms of a proportion). Cf. alternation n. 3b. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1684 Elements or Princ. Geometrie iii. i. 55 a is much bigger than C, as b is than D; a.C :: b.D, which is Alterned.

1702 V. Mandey tr. J. J. Hainlin Synopsis Mathematica: Theoret. Arithm. i. 39 If there are four Numbers Proportional between themselves, they will also be Proportionals, being alterned or changed.

1724 J. Ward Compend. Algebra (ed. 2) vi. 36 If these be proportional, they shall also be proportional, being Alterned, Inverted, Compounded, Divided, Converted, and in Mixture.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	altern
释义	alternadj.adv. Brit. /ˈɔːltəːn/, /ˈɒltəːn/, U.S. /ˈɔlˌtərn/, /ˈɑlˌtərn/ Forms: 1500s–1600s alterne, 1600s– altern. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin alternus. Etymology: < classical Latin alternus alternate, every other < alter another (see alter n.) + -nus , suffix forming adjectives. Compare Middle French, French alterne (1555 in Middle French in sense ‘alternate’ in an isolated attestation, subsequently from a1670 in technical uses in geometry, botany, and medicine, of which the earliest is angles alternes (plural; compare quot. 1636 at sense A. 2); earlier in senses ‘applying to several people in turn (a1480, with reference to the redemption of two brothers)’ and ‘constituting an alternative’ (c1500)); compare also Spanish alterno (first half of the 15th cent.; 1585 in geometry, in ángulo alterno ), Italian alterno (a1542; 1573 in geometry in angoli alterni , plural), all in sense A. 2. With the specific use in sense A. 1, unparalleled both in Latin and in the Romance languages, compare the earlier corresponding uses of quartan adj., tertian adj. Compare earlier alternate adj. and later alternant adj., alternating adj. With the use as adverb compare later alternate adv. N.E.D. (1884) gives the pronunciation as (æ̆ltə̄·ɹn, ǫltə̄·ɹn; æ·ltəɹn, ǭ·ltəɹn) /ælˈtɜːn/, /ɒlˈtɜːn/; /ˈæltən/, /ˈɔːltən/. Now rare. A. adj. †1. As a postmodifier: designating an intermittent fever that recurs on alternate days; = tertian adj. 1. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > fever > [adjective] > other fevers slowc1300 hectic1398 remitting1583 altern1594 hectical1614 hective1642 remittent1670 imputrid1684 intercurrent1684 aestuous1708 angiotenic1799 anabatic1811 masked1833 hyperpyretic1876 hyperpyrexial1896 hyperpyrexic1897 tularaemic1954 1594 A. Hume Treat. Conscience sig. 2^v It pleased God to visite me with a Feuer alterne, quhilk vulgarly wee call the Excesse, In sik sorte, that all warldly cares and impediments were remooued. 2. Alternate, alternating. poetic in later use. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > alternation > [adjective] every other1389 alternatea1535 alternative1540 alternal1576 altern1636 1636 W. Bedwell tr. P. de la Ramée Via Regia ad Geometriam v. 65 The alterne angles are made acute and obtuse: As also the outter and inner opposite are likewise made acute and obtuse. 1638 R. Brathwait Bessie Bell in Barnabees Journall (new ed.) sig. Ee Bessie Bell: Englished; to be sung in Alterne Courses, & Moderne voyces. 1644 H. Rider tr. Horace Odes iii. xxviii With altern share We Neptune will extoll [L. nos cantabimus invicem Neptunum]. 1713 J. Hill Arithmetick 119 The Numerators of the two last Terms, and their altern Denominators, may be severally abbreviated. 1781 W. Hawkins Poems on Var. Subj. 90 So joys and cares thro' various life Altern emotions raise. 1838 U.S. Mag. & Democratic Rev. Apr. 29 Their power is felt and owned by every breast, And by their sway altern are mortals cursed or blessed. 1868 ‘G. Eliot’ Spanish Gypsy i. 61 When with obliquely soaring bend altern She seems a goddess quitting earth again. 1907 F. Thompson Wks. I. 213 Of day and night is variance none, Who know not altern moon and sun. 3. Crystallography. Of a crystal: exhibiting upper and lower faces which correspond in form, but alternate with each other in the position of their sides and angles. Now rare. ΚΠ 1871 L. Colange Zell's Pop. Encycl. I. 72/3 Altern, exhibiting in two parts, an upper and a lower part, faces which alternate among themselves, but which, when the two parts are compared, correspond with each other. 1920 A. H. Fay Gloss. Mining & Mineral Industry 28/1 Altern, a crystal form having opposite parts corresponding in form, but alternating with each other in the position of sides and angles. †B. adv. poetic. In turns, alternately. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > alternation > [adverb] changeablyc1384 alternately1432 interchangeably1483 handy-dandya1529 time about1537 by course1548 at (by) intervals1588 alternatively1591 reciprocally1603 by reprises1607 alternally1627 alterably1635 altern1667 alternate1715 by vicissitudes1749 alternatingly1845 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vii. 348 The greater to have rule by Day, The less by Night alterne . View more context for this quotation 1757 J. Dyer Fleece iii. 90 Which open to the woof, and shut, altern. 1792 D. Lloyd Voy. Life 141 Who sang altern Of nature, and accordant providence. 1805 J. Grahame Sabbath (ed. 2) 52 The trumpet sounds Pursuit and flight altern. 1877 P. J. Bailey Festus (ed. 10) xviii. 261 Boethius, here, Synesius, sing and teach Altern in heartiest hymns the God all natures preach. Compounds altern base n. Geometry (now historical) (in a triangle) the difference (or the sum) of the two line segments formed when a perpendicular is dropped from the vertex to the base (or the base produced); also called alternate base. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [noun] > element of > base > altern base altern base1630 alternate base1631 1630 W. Batten Most Easie Way Finding Sunnes Amplitude 4 From the Product substract the differentiall of ½ the true base, and the remainer shall be the differentiall of the alterne ½ base: which ½ alterne base added to the true ½ base is the greater case. 1784 S. Dunn Tables Correct & Conc. Logarithms p. xi/2 In any Plane Triangle; as Half the Base is to Half the Sum of the Legs, so is Half the Difference of the Legs to Half the Altern Base. 1826 T. Keith Introd. Theory & Pract. Plain & Spherical Trig. (ed. 5) iii. iv. 179 The distance of a perpendicular from the middle of the base, or as some writers call it the altern, or alternate base, is always equal to half the difference of the segments of the base, when the perpendicular falls within the triangle. 1915 G. A. Gibson in C. G. Knott Napier Tercentenary Memorial Vol. 123 Napier takes b as the base; if D is the projection of B on AC then CD is the greater case, AD is the less, and CE, the difference between CD and AD, is the ‘altern base’. Derivatives † alternly adv. Obsolete alternately; one after the other. ΚΠ 1636 W. Bedwell tr. P. de la Ramée Via Regia ad Geometriam v. 65 Therefore alternly, As the acute unto the acute: so is the obtuse, unto the obtuse. 1793 R. Rawlins Diss. on Struct. Obstetr. Forceps 76 He must then wait patiently until the separation of the placenta takes place by a still further contraction of the uterus, which is known by pains alternly coming on. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online December 2021). alternv. Brit. /ɔːlˈtəːn/, /ɒlˈtəːn/, U.S. /ɔlˈtərn/, /ɑlˈtərn/ Forms: late Middle English alten (transmission error), late Middle English 1600s– altern. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin alternāre. Etymology: < classical Latin alternāre (see alternate v.). Compare later alternate v., and see the foreign-language parallels cited at that entry.In quot. 1811 at sense 1 after Spanish alternar (see alternate v.). N.E.D. (1884) gives the pronunciation as (æ̆ltə̄·ɹn, ǫltə̄·ɹn; æ·ltəɹn, ǭ·ltəɹn) /ælˈtɜːn/, /ɒlˈtɜːn/; /ˈæltən/, /ˈɔːltən/. rare in later use. 1. transitive. To alternate (something). Also intransitive. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > alternation > alternate [verb (transitive)] altern1447 entermetea1500 interchange1561 interpose1602 alternate1605 interplace1650 interleave1802 interleaf1900 1447 O. Bokenham Lives of Saints (Arun.) (1938) l. 10424 (MED) Eftsonys she low..And aftyr wept ageyn..She altenyd [read alternyd] þe tyme meruelously. c1450 ( J. Walton tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Linc. Cathedral 103) 333 (MED) [God] alterneþ [L. alternat] noght His presence be stoundes of þi þoght..Bot he..compaseth the chaunginge of þi þoghtes all arowe. 1811 F. Fernandez First Dict. Eng. & Spanish Alternar, to altern. 1824 P. E. Laurent tr. Pindar Odes I. 344 In revolving days time alterning, brings now this, now that. 1994 C. Gaspin & E. Westhof in A. Schulze-Kremer Adv. in Molecular Bioinformatics 121 The user can select pairings and unpairings of interest following an interactive way where arc-consistency and selection procedures are alterned. †2. transitive. Mathematics. To interchange or transpose (the two middle terms of a proportion). Cf. alternation n. 3b. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1684 Elements or Princ. Geometrie iii. i. 55 a is much bigger than C, as b is than D; a.C :: b.D, which is Alterned. 1702 V. Mandey tr. J. J. Hainlin Synopsis Mathematica: Theoret. Arithm. i. 39 If there are four Numbers Proportional between themselves, they will also be Proportionals, being alterned or changed. 1724 J. Ward Compend. Algebra (ed. 2) vi. 36 If these be proportional, they shall also be proportional, being Alterned, Inverted, Compounded, Divided, Converted, and in Mixture. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.adv.1594v.1447
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