| 单词 | descence |
| 释义 | † descencen.α. late Middle English discens, late Middle English dissence, late Middle English dyscens, late Middle English–1600s discence, 1500s–1600s discense; Scottish pre-1700 discence, pre-1700 discens, pre-1700 dyscens. β. late Middle English decens, late Middle English–1600s descence, late Middle English–1600s descense; Scottish pre-1700 descence, pre-1700 descens, pre-1700 descense. Obsolete (chiefly Scottish in later use). 1. a. Transmission by inheritance; = descent n. 1. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > right to succeed to title, position, or estate > succession > [noun] > descent by inheritance descent?a1400 descencea1425 hereditation1649 a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1869) I. 402 Dissence of heritage. b. Genealogical extraction; lineage; = descent n. 2. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > lineage or descent > [noun] kinc892 strindc900 i-cundeOE bloodOE kindredOE birtha1250 strainc1275 gesta1300 offspring?a1300 lineagea1330 descentc1330 linec1330 progenya1382 generationc1384 engendrurec1390 ancestry?a1400 genealogya1400 kind?a1400 stranda1400 coming?a1425 bedc1430 descencec1443 descension1447 ligneea1450 originc1450 family1474 originala1475 extraction1477 nativityc1485 parentelea1492 stirpc1503 stem?c1550 race1563 parentage1565 brood1590 ancientry1596 descendance1599 breeding1600 descendancy1603 delineation1606 extract1631 ancestory1650 agnation1782 havage1799 engendure1867 c1443 R. Pecock Reule of Crysten Religioun (1927) 432 (MED) Þe feiþ which adam receyued fro þin aungel..descendid into his children and into her children þoruȝ a fer distaunce in lyne of descense, And þe feiþ which Noe receyued..descendid into hise children. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 281 Soe the linealle descense of the prosapy or kynrede of Feramundus faylede by men. a1513 H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Werburge (1521) ii. xv. sig. p.vii Son to duke Leoffwin by liniall discence. a1530 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Royal) ix. l. 2816 In lineale descens fra Sanct Margret. 1553 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Eneados iii. iii. 39 From that ilke prince..Is the descence, of our genology. 1561 Confessioun Faith Protestantes Scotl. sig. C3 The notes, signes, and assurit taiknes, quhairby the Immaculate spousse off Christe Iesus is knawin, frome that horrible harlot, the Kirk malignnant: We affirme ar nother antiquitie, tytle vsurpid, lineal discence, place apoynted, nor multitude of men approuing ane errour. 2. a. The action or an act of going or coming down. Cf. descent n. 5b, 5c. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > [noun] avalingc1380 descendinga1382 downcominga1398 lowinga1398 descenta1413 descencec1425 descensionc1425 degression1486 downcomea1522 downstroke1551 decourse1585 vailinga1593 nod1597 delapsion1603 delapse1625 down1647 fall1647 c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iv. l. 5940 In his clees þe offringe vp he [sc. a royal egle] toke..In his discence makynge swiche a soun, [etc.]. 1434 in C. Innes & P. Chalmers Liber Aberbrothoc (1856) II. 66 As the Denburne gais to the discens of the Sclaitwel falland in the furde [etc.]. 1543 Necessary Doctr. Christen Man in Formul. Faith 234 Iesu Christ's life, death, burial, and descense to hell. c1600 Hist. & Life James VI (1825) 179 In his discence..he came fornent the hous of Justice. 1656 W. Guild Answer to Popish Pamphlet called Touch-stone 299 Concerning the descense of Christs soule to hell. b. Extension downwards. Cf. descend v. 8a. ΘΚΠ the world > space > direction > specific directions > [noun] > extension downwards descencec1487 c1487 J. Skelton tr. Diodorus Siculus Bibliotheca Historica ii. 91 A place not fer from the marres of Lybye, where the water hath his discence & cours down in-to Mirida. 1578 J. Banister Hist. Man i. f. 7v (margin) The descense of ye Sagittal Suture is not common either in man or woman. 3. A downward slope; a way down. Cf. descent n. 6a, 6b. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > slope > [noun] > downward downhielda1400 descencec1425 descent1485 descending1490 downfall1542 pitch1542 downhill1548 declinea1552 falling1565 stoop1611 declivitya1613 devergence1727 downslope1855 c1425 Bk. Found. St. Bartholomew's (1923) 40 (MED) From the highe descense of heuynnes..hedir I descende. c1470 W. Wey Itineraries 13 (MED) In the decens of that hyll Cryst prechyd vn to hys pepyll. 1552 in W. Cramond Ann. Banff (1891) I. 29 Fra thyin furthe dovn the tovne to the Droppand Craig ay as the discens of the hill passis. 1572 J. Higgins Huloets Dict. (rev. ed.) sig. Nvv/1 Discence of an hill where no stopping may be had. 1619 E. M. Bolton tr. Florus Rom. Hist. ii. vi. 162 The very iawes of the first descence from the Alpes into Italie. 1683 J. Reid Scots Gard'ner i. viii. 44 As you measured the ascense of both sides of the Hill, so must you the descense or going down of both sides to the bottom of the valley. 4. figurative. rare. a. Perhaps: dejection, depression of spirits. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [noun] unlustOE sorrowfulnessa1250 heavinessc1275 elengenessec1320 dullnessc1369 tristourc1380 murknessc1390 tristesse1390 faintness1398 ungladnessa1400 droopingc1400 heavity14.. dejectionc1450 terne?a1513 disconsolation1515 descence1526 marea1529 sadness?1537 dumpishness1548 unblessedness1549 dolorousness1553 ruefulness?1574 dolefulness1586 heartlessness1591 languishment1591 mopishness1598 soul-sickness1603 contristation1605 damp1606 gloominess1607 sableness1607 uncheerfulnessa1617 disconsolateness1624 cheerlessnessa1631 dejectedness1633 droopingness1635 disanimation1637 lowness1639 desponsion1641 disconsolacy1646 despondency1653 dispiritedness1654 chagrin1656 demission1656 jawfall1660 weightedness1660 depression1665 disconsolancy1665 grumness1675 despondence1676 despond1678 disheartenednessa1680 glumness1727 low1727 gloom1744 low-spiritedness1754 blue devils1756 black dog1776 humdudgeon1785 blue devilism1787 dispiritude1797 wishtnessc1800 downheartedness1801 blue-devilage1816 dispiritment1827 downcastness1827 depressiveness1832 dolorosity1835 lugubriosity1840 disconsolance1847 down1856 heavy-heartedness1860 lugubriousness1879 sullenness1885 low key1886 melancholia1896 burn-out1903 mokus1924 downness1927 mopiness1927 deflation1933 wallow1934 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. KKKvv In suche descense, it [sc. the mynde] is moste apt to distractions & waueryng fantasyes. b. The action of bringing down or lowering in estimation; depreciation. ΚΠ 1575 J. Rolland Treat. Court Venus i. f. 6 That hir honour distres thoill nor ruine: Nor suffer it in na way haif discence. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online December 2021). <  n.a1425 |
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