defeatistn.adj.

Brit.

/dᵻˈfiːtɪst/, U.S.

/dəˈfidəst/,

/diˈfidəst/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: defeat n., -ist suffix.

Etymology: < defeat n. + -ist suffix, after French défaitiste (1915 as noun and adjective in G. Aleksinskij La Russie moderne (ed. 2); mid-1917 with reference to Prime Minister Clemenceau's criticism of Joseph Caillaux), itself after Russian poraženčeskij, adjective (earliest in anti-poraženčeskij anti-defeatist: 13 April 1915) and poraženec, noun (20 April 1915), both in newspaper articles by G. Aleksinskij. Compare German Defätist , noun (late November 1917 as Defaitist ), defätistisch , adjective (1918 as defaitistisch ), both < French. Compare defeatism n.

Frequently depreciative.

A. n.

A person who tends to expect defeat or failure, or who is ready to accept it; a person who exhibits defeatism.The term was first used during the First World War (1914–18) with reference to French prime minister Georges Clemenceau's criticism of fellow politician Joseph Caillaux. Caillaux advocated a negotiated peace, whilst Clemenceau wanted to prosecute the war to its conclusion (cf. jusqu'auboutisme n.). Equivalent Russian and French terms had been used earlier in the war with reference to various political positions: see etymology and C. Slater Defeatists & their Enemies (1981).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > fear > dismay > [noun] > defeatism > defeatist

defeatist1917

1917 Times 16 Nov. 6/4 (headline) M. Caillaux and the ‘Defeatists’.

1918 Observer 9 June 8/6 The political creed of the party,..is to support the Government in winning the war and in defeating the intrigues of Pacifists and Defeatists.

1921 19th Cent. Jan. 151 Throughout the Great War, as in the Japanese War, he was a defeatist.

1976 J. Sharkey Take Number, Darling ii. 70 Don't be such a defeatist. We closed these things once, we can close them again.

2003 J. Meacham Franklin & Winston ii. 56 Kennedy was a defeatist.

B. adj.

Exhibiting or characteristic of defeatism.

ΚΠ

1917 Times 16 Nov. 6/4 (headline) M. Clemenceau replies once more to-day to a Caillaux letter repeating that he has been misunderstood with regard to his denials of having taken part in ‘defeatist’ palavers in Italy.

1920 19th Cent. Mar. 556 The shop-stewards, too, in the great factories in Berlin and other towns were disloyal and ‘defeatist’.

1929 Daily Tel. 8 Jan. 10/3 The defeatist tactics of those who belittle his leadership.

1966 R. A. Knowlton in Arizona Republic 6 Feb. (This Week Mag.) 6 ‘Relax, Sara,’ he said. ‘Don't be so defeatist. The interview is nothing but a formality.’

2010 Guardian 27 July 8 He..had a defeatist attitude about his ability to do his job.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	defeatist
释义	defeatistn.adj. Brit. /dᵻˈfiːtɪst/, U.S. /dəˈfidəst/, /diˈfidəst/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: defeat n., -ist suffix. Etymology: < defeat n. + -ist suffix, after French défaitiste (1915 as noun and adjective in G. Aleksinskij La Russie moderne (ed. 2); mid-1917 with reference to Prime Minister Clemenceau's criticism of Joseph Caillaux), itself after Russian poraženčeskij, adjective (earliest in anti-poraženčeskij anti-defeatist: 13 April 1915) and poraženec, noun (20 April 1915), both in newspaper articles by G. Aleksinskij. Compare German Defätist , noun (late November 1917 as Defaitist ), defätistisch , adjective (1918 as defaitistisch ), both < French. Compare defeatism n. Frequently depreciative. A. n. A person who tends to expect defeat or failure, or who is ready to accept it; a person who exhibits defeatism.The term was first used during the First World War (1914–18) with reference to French prime minister Georges Clemenceau's criticism of fellow politician Joseph Caillaux. Caillaux advocated a negotiated peace, whilst Clemenceau wanted to prosecute the war to its conclusion (cf. jusqu'auboutisme n.). Equivalent Russian and French terms had been used earlier in the war with reference to various political positions: see etymology and C. Slater Defeatists & their Enemies (1981). ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > fear > dismay > [noun] > defeatism > defeatist defeatist1917 1917 Times 16 Nov. 6/4 (headline) M. Caillaux and the ‘Defeatists’. 1918 Observer 9 June 8/6 The political creed of the party,..is to support the Government in winning the war and in defeating the intrigues of Pacifists and Defeatists. 1921 19th Cent. Jan. 151 Throughout the Great War, as in the Japanese War, he was a defeatist. 1976 J. Sharkey Take Number, Darling ii. 70 Don't be such a defeatist. We closed these things once, we can close them again. 2003 J. Meacham Franklin & Winston ii. 56 Kennedy was a defeatist. B. adj. Exhibiting or characteristic of defeatism. ΚΠ 1917 Times 16 Nov. 6/4 (headline) M. Clemenceau replies once more to-day to a Caillaux letter repeating that he has been misunderstood with regard to his denials of having taken part in ‘defeatist’ palavers in Italy. 1920 19th Cent. Mar. 556 The shop-stewards, too, in the great factories in Berlin and other towns were disloyal and ‘defeatist’. 1929 Daily Tel. 8 Jan. 10/3 The defeatist tactics of those who belittle his leadership. 1966 R. A. Knowlton in Arizona Republic 6 Feb. (This Week Mag.) 6 ‘Relax, Sara,’ he said. ‘Don't be so defeatist. The interview is nothing but a formality.’ 2010 Guardian 27 July 8 He..had a defeatist attitude about his ability to do his job. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1917
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