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de nouveau
8. The French preposition de, d' 
/də/, anglicized /diː/, /dɪ/, /də/, meaning ‘of, from’, occurring in names of places, as Ashby de la Zouch, in territorial titles, as Earl Grey de Wilton, Lord Talbot de Malahide, and in personal surnames, as De Lisle, D'Israeli, De Quincey; also, in French phrases more or less in English use, as coup d'état, coup de main, etc. (see coup n.3); de haut en bas [ < French de haut en bas < de de prep. + haut high (see haut adj.) + en in + bas bottom, ground (see base n.1)] , from height to lowness, condescendingly as from a lofty position, with an air of conscious superiority or condescension; also attributive and in other combinations; de nouveau [ < French de nouveau (12th cent. in Old French as de novel ) < de de prep. + nouveau (see novel adj.)] , anew, afresh; de rigueur [ < French de rigueur (1783) < de de prep. + rigueur rigour n.] , of strictness, (a matter) strictly or rigorously obligatory, according to strict etiquette; de trop [ < French de trop (1669) < de de prep. + trop < an Old Low Franconian form underlying thorp n.] , too much, (one) too many, in the way.
/də/, anglicized /diː/, /dɪ/, /də/, meaning ‘of, from’, occurring in names of places, as Ashby de la Zouch, in territorial titles, as Earl Grey de Wilton, Lord Talbot de Malahide, and in personal surnames, as De Lisle, D'Israeli, De Quincey; also, in French phrases more or less in English use, as coup d'état, coup de main, etc. (see coup n.3); de haut en bas [ < French de haut en bas < de de prep. + haut high (see haut adj.) + en in + bas bottom, ground (see base n.1)] , from height to lowness, condescendingly as from a lofty position, with an air of conscious superiority or condescension; also attributive and in other combinations; de nouveau [ < French de nouveau (12th cent. in Old French as de novel ) < de de prep. + nouveau (see novel adj.)] , anew, afresh; de rigueur [ < French de rigueur (1783) < de de prep. + rigueur rigour n.] , of strictness, (a matter) strictly or rigorously obligatory, according to strict etiquette; de trop [ < French de trop (1669) < de de prep. + trop < an Old Low Franconian form underlying thorp n.] , too much, (one) too many, in the way.ΚΠ
1697 J. Vanbrugh Relapse i. 8 Not if you treat him, De haut En bas, As you use to do.
1752 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 11 May (1932) (modernized text) V. 1872 I know no company in which you are likely to be de trop.
1778 H. Walpole Let. 4 July (1904) X. 271 The Congress has ratified the treaty with France, and intend to treat the Commissioners de haut en bas.
1793 E. Gibbon Let. (1956) II. 81 The first Chapter has been composed de nouveau three times.
1847 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair (1848) vi. 49 ‘I should only be de trop,’ said the Captain.
1850 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis II. i. 6 All the young men go to Spratt's after their balls. It is de rigueur, my dear.
1868 Good Words Aug. 516/1 A de-haut-en-bas-like drawling gait.
1882 W. R. Greg Misc. Ess. ix. 181 But her de-haut-en-bas judgment of Macaulay is perhaps widest of the mark.
1885 A. Edwardes Girton Girl I. ii. 39 Noble French family who..dropped the ‘de’ from before their name, and settled here [i.e. in Guernsey].
1887 Illustr. London News 5 Mar. 269/3 I am decidedly de trop this morning.
1888 C. M. Yonge Our New Mistress v. 43 The names with a De before them are always the grandest.
1915 Mrs. H. Ward Eltham House vii. 119 Ask an officer to do without his uniforms. My frocks are just as much de rigueur.
1944 A. L. Rowse Eng. Spirit 134 It seems to have been de rigueur to say that the Queen looked twenty.
1965 R. Ferguson Woman with Secret vi. 42 Her father thought he wasn't good enough for somebody with the ‘de’ in her name.
1966 Listener 17 Nov. 747/2 Hopkins has a distinct tendency to talk de haut en bas to his captive audience.
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