| 释义 |
Croatn.adj. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from German. Partly a borrowing from Italian. Partly a borrowing from Dutch. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French Crouate, Crovate; German Krabate, Krabat, Krobate; German Kroate, Kroat; Italian Crabato; Dutch Krawaat; Latin Croatae. Etymology: In α. forms < French †Crouate, †Crovate, noun (1555 or earlier) < Italian †Crouato , †Crovato , noun (1545 or earlier) < Croatian Hrvat (see below). Compare Byzantine Greek Χρωβάτοι , plural noun (10th cent.) and post-classical Latin Crovates , plural noun (17th cent. or earlier). In β. forms < (i) German †Krabate, †Krabat, †Krobate, noun (1534 or earlier), and its etymon (ii) Italian †Crabato, noun (although that is apparently first attested later: 1560 or earlier) < Croatian Hrvat (see below). Compare post-classical Latin Crabati , Crobati , Chrobati , Crabatae , plural noun (1557 or earlier; probably < Italian, although that is apparently first attested later), French †Crabate (17th cent.). In γ. forms < early modern Dutch †Krawaat, noun (1629 or earlier) < German †Krawate , †Krawat , noun (1561 or earlier), probably directly < Croatian Hrvat (see below). Compare French †Cravate , †Cravatte , noun (1573; < German). Compare Russian xorvat , Czech chorvat , Bulgarian xărvat , Hungarian horvát , Turkish Hırvat , nouns. In δ. forms < (i) German Kroate, †Kroat, noun (1568 or earlier) and its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin Croatae, plural noun (1532 or earlier), probably < Italian Croato , †Croatto , noun and adjective (although that is apparently first attested later: 1554 or earlier) < Croatian Hrvat , noun (plural Hrvati ), a self-designation (further etymology uncertain). Compare French Croate , noun and adjective, Dutch Kroaat , noun (both 17th cent., < German). Compare earlier Croatian n. Compare also cravat n. A. n. 1. the world > people > ethnicities > Slav people > [noun] > Croat the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of Croatia > [noun] 1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay iv. xiii. f. 126 These do dwel in the parties of Bossine, & Seruia, bordering vppon Graecia on the one side, and on the other, Hungarie and Austria, and at this present time are called Seruians or Crouats [Fr. Crouats], whiche are the true Illirians. 1637 W. Crowne 58 Passing through a hilly wooddy Countrey in much danger of the Croats. a1661 Earl of Monmouth tr. P. G. Capriata (1663) iv. 122 Some of the people of Croatia, who were commonly called afterwards Uscocchi, Croates or Cravates, a fierce and couragious people, and who valued not life. 1791 (Dublin ed.) V. 555/2 The Croats derive their origin from the Sclavi. 1822 V. 69 Podluzacs, a tribe of Croats, settled in a small district in the southern extremity of Moravia. 1842 XXII. 103/2 The Croats, who inhabit the south-west of Hungary. 1877 40 438 The Servians, including Rascians, Bosnians, and Croats, are the western neighbours of the Bulgarians. 1942 L. B. Namier 48 In Yugoslavia the conflict between Croats and Serbs..offered the Nazis rich opportunities for political intrigue. 1993 26 Jan. a6/2 Attacks by Croats in the Serbian-held Krajina region of Croatia. 2009 R. Harris tr. S. Ćosić in 10 In the first half of the seventh century, the Croats settled the Romanised territories of the province of Dalmatia. 2012 (Nexis) 29 June 3 Andy Murray..overcame the big-serving Croat Ivo Karlovic in a tense four-set match to reach the third round. society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier of specific force or unit > [noun] 1623 22 July 8 Retyring his Forces backe againe through Hessenland, to lye at Werra, expecting some Forces, which were to come in vnto him, where of those Crabats, which lay about Wormbes in the Palatinate, were first looked for. 1638 P. Vincent vi. 30 Among the Imperialists is a base sort of rascally horse-men which serve them, and are called Croats. The tenth part of them are not of that Countrey: for they are a miscellanie of all strange nations. 1647 G. Tooke 68 (margin) Colonell Generall of the Crabbats, or Croats, men of Croatia. 1703 No. 3903/2 Monsieur de Guiche..Colonel-General of the Regiments of Horse called the Cravates. 1749 H. Fielding II. vi. ii. 239 Brother, you are absolutely a perfect Croat; but as those have their Use in the Army of the Empress Queen, so you likewise have some good in you. View more context for this quotation 1816 A. Chalmers (new ed.) XXIX. 115 He chose the army for his profession, and at the age of sixteen had the royal regiment of Cravates, in which command he signalized himself for ten years. 1862 III. 324/2 The Croatians are warlike, but the name Croats is employed to designate light-cavalry regiments in the imperial army, in which Magyars and others are mingled with true Croatians. 1898 J. Bloundelle-Burton xxv. 242 Dragoons, Croatian Cravates, now France's most bloody swashbucklers with one exception, the Miquelets. 1914 H. A. Ogden 194 The Croats, the irregular cavalry that fought with the Austrians against Frederick. 2007 R. L. McCullough iv. 139 One company of cravates stayed for 14 days and was paid 1,400 livres. 2010 V. Brnardic 42 Both the Croats and hussar light cavalry were best suited to duties on the edges of the main battlelines—scouting, skirmishing, [etc.]. the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Balto-Slavic > Slavonic > Serbo-Croat 1849 A. A. Paton II. xv. 197 The superior magistrate treats shipping affairs in Italian; judicial in German, as in the military frontier; and civic-economical affairs in Croat. 1959 J. Remak iii. 42 Franz Ferdinand replied..ending with a sentence spoken in Croat. 2003 (Nexis) 4 Feb. 22 His announcement did surprise me, but I don't speak Croat, so all I know is what I've read. B. adj.the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of Croatia > [adjective] 1652 A. Ross ii. vi. xix. 461 The Townsmen..put to flight the Croat Thieves, which were driving away the Town-Cattle. a1661 Earl of Monmouth tr. P. G. Capriata (1663) ix. 319 The Polack and Croat Cavalry [It. caualleria Polacca, e Croatta], which were naturally good at In rodes and the laying of Countries waste. 1778 tr. A. Fortis 18 Neither are there any remains of barbarous magnificence, to put one in mind of the ages in which the kings of the Croat Slavi, had their residence there. 1815 Diary 28 Sept. in E. W. Fremantle (1940) III. 386 We passed a Croat Regiment, the women that follow'd it were perfect Gypsies. 1876 A. J. Evans ii. 77 Croat men, white tunicked and white breeked. 1920 H. A. L. Fisher 207 Croat and Slovene newspapers. 1991 13 July 51/2 Serb nationalism, say Croat patriots, is a cover for Red oppression. 2005 H. Araton v. 87 A fellow named Mario Miocic, who had been Petrovic's close friend, his confidant, and link to New York's Croat community. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2013; most recently modified version published online June 2022). <  n.adj.1585 |
