abyssaladj.n.

Brit.

/əˈbɪsl/, U.S.

/əˈbɪsəl/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin abyssalis.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin abyssalis infernal (13th cent. in British and continental sources), very deep, incomprehensible (14th cent.) < abyssus abyss n. + classical Latin -ālis -al suffix¹. Compare Middle French, French abyssal (1521), Old Occitan abisal . Compare abysmal adj. With sense A. 2 compare slightly earlier abyssopelagic adj.

A. adj.

1. Characteristic of an abyss; unfathomable.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > infiniteness > [adjective] > that cannot be circumscribed

incomprehensiblea1340

interminablec1374

indeterminable1486

uncompassable?1536

incircumscriptible1550

unlimitable1576

uncircumscriptible1577

immensible1579

illimitable1596

uncircumscribable1608

abyssal1609

unboundable1622

undeterminable1633

indefinible1652

unterminablea1677

exterminable1813

the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > vertical extent > extension downwards or depth > [adjective] > very

groundlessc888

bottomlessc1400

profound?a1425

neal1574

soundlessc1595

insoundable1602

gulfy1607

unbottomed1615

depthless1619

unsoundable1629

chin-deep1634

fathomless1638

abysming1644

unfounded1648

abysmal1656

plumbless1665

unfathomablea1676

chasmy1793

fathom-deep1835

plummetlessc1861

chasmal1871

abyssal1903

1609 Benet of Canfield Rule of Perfection ii. i. 130 All self-will, intrest, and commoditie, is plunged into the bottomlesse gulfe of this will and the abyssall pleasure therof.

1651 J. Ellistone tr. J. Böhme Signatura Rerum iii. 13 An Eye of Eternity, an Abyssal Eye, that standeth or seeth in the Nothing, for it is the Abyss.

1691 T. Tryon Pythagoras his Mystick Philos. Reviv'd xii. 230 'Tis certain mans soul is a Mystery, breathed out of the grand Mystery, or Abyssal Fountain.

1752 W. Law Spirit of Love (1816) ii. 66 God is an abyssal infinity of love, wisdom, & goodness.

a1763 J. Byrom Misc. Poems (1773) II. 267 Nature, without him, is th' abyssal Dark, Void of the Light's beatifying Spark.

1870 Q. Rev. July 137 The being..came up to the surface yesterday, and sinks into the abyssal void to-morrow.

1888 E. L. Frothingham & A. L. Frothingham Christian Philos. 46 It posits the Nothing, the abyssal, dark, and chaotic Void, as the only eternal reality.

1903 A. R. Wallace Man's Place in Universe xii. 229 New continents were being raised up from the abyssal depths of the ocean.

1976 R. S. Lewis From Vinland to Mars 184 The pilots saw the friendly lights of Perth, Australia twinkling far below in the abyssal dark.

2001 A. W. Bartlett Cross Purposes iv. 172 Dostoyevsky has stripped the possibility of abyssal love of almost all supernatural and institutional features.

2. Oceanography. Belonging to or characteristic of the lowest depths of the ocean, esp. (in later use) the abyssal zone or an abyssal plain, as opposed to an oceanic trench (see the note at abyssal zone n. at Compounds).

ΚΠ

1852 Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. 8 303 (table) Marine Zones of Depth, according to Prof. E. Forbes, 1852... Abyssal zone 100 fathoms.

1853 E. Forbes & S. Hanley Hist. Brit. Mollusca I. p. xxviii Beneath this zone is the Abyssal Region, which can scarcely be said to be developed within the British area.

1872 H. A. Nicholson Man. Palæontol. 23 The abyssal mud of the Atlantic is to a very large extent composed of the microscopic shells of Foraminifera.

a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) I. iii. 50 The Deep Sea or abyssal area, which is always taken to mean the dark, cold, quiet waters on the floor, or near the floor of the abysses,..may be as much as six miles from the surface.

1976 C. Cussler Raise Titanic! (1977) iv. xxxix. 191 We utilized the sea's great abyssal pressures to activate the pump.

2007 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) June 135/1 They saw strange fish down there, and I'm sure that if those strange, abyssal fish could be brought to the surface they'd be here.

3. Geology. (Of rock) formed deep within the earth's crust, plutonic; relating to such rocks. Cf. hypabyssal adj.Now generally avoided as a technical term; when applied to rocks, the word now tends to have the meaning of sense A. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > igneous rock > [adjective] > plutonic

Plutonic1833

abyssal1891

1891 J. F. Williams Igneous Rocks Arkansas i. 1 The igneous rocks of Arkansas all belong to the eleolite syenites and their associated dike rocks. They are of the abyssal and intrusive classes, as distinguished from the metamorphic gneisses and schists and the true effusives.

1906 L. V. Pirsson Rocks & Rock Minerals vi. 161 Sometimes this shows itself in the formation of rudely cubic or rhomboidal blocks, as shown in granites and other abyssal rocks.

1933 R. A. Daly Igneous Rocks & Depths of Earth xi. 240 Abyssal injection of substratum material along abyssal fissures in the crust.

1954 C. E. Tilley et al. Harker's Petrol. (ed. 8) i. 20 The massive igneous rocks will first be divided into three groups: abyssal or plutonic, hypabyssal, and superficial or volcanic.

B. n.

Oceanography. An abyssal zone or region.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > sea or ocean > region of sea or ocean > [noun] > deep place

weelc897

sea dinglec1225

regort1477

ocean-deep1590

ocean depth1825

abyssal zone1852

abyssal1896

1896 Science 6 Mar. 366/2 The opinion that the abyssal is especially characterized by primitive forms is not correct; both the litoral and fluvial possess primitive forms.

1990 Amer. Zoologist 30 62/2 Even though the upper abyssal's bathymetric range is about three times that of the Archibenthal Zone, it has only half as many fish species.

Compounds

abyssal plain n. Oceanography an extensive level area of the deep ocean floor, typically situated between the foot of the continental rise and an oceanic trench and covered with a smooth layer of sediment; cf. abyssal zone n.

ΚΠ

1880 T. H. Huxley in Nature 4 Nov. 2/1 That the abyssal plains were ever all elevated, at once, is certainly so improbable that it may justly be termed inconceivable.

1928 F. S. Russell & C. M. Yonge Seas iv. 91 That curious fish of the cod family known as the Macrurus or rat-tail..spends the greater part of its life in the cold dark depths over the abyssal plain.

1970 Islander (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 25 Oct. 10/3 The abyssal plains around the Baranof Channel..are as flat as any prairie.

2007 T. Friend Third Domain v. 155 We're only as deep as the Titanic, which lies on the abyssal plain at 12,500 feet.

abyssal zone n. Oceanography the deep part of the ocean, now typically from a depth of 3000 metres (1.9 miles) down to 6000 metres (3.7 miles), though the numerical limits, esp. the upper one, vary.The term originally referred to a depth of 100 fathoms (approx. 183 metres) down to the lowest depth at which life is possible.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > sea or ocean > region of sea or ocean > [noun] > deep place

weelc897

sea dinglec1225

regort1477

ocean-deep1590

ocean depth1825

abyssal zone1852

abyssal1896

1852Abyssal zone [see sense A. 2].

1884 Science 8 Aug. 116/2 Simple ascidians occur in very deep water, and are fairly represented in the abyssal zone.

1944 A. Holmes Princ. Physical Geol. ii. xv. 314 The muds, etc., of the continental slope, and of similar depths around oceanic islands, belong to the bathyal zone; while the oozes of the deep ocean floor belong to the abyssal zone.

1992 D. G. Campbell Crystal Desert i. 25 The Antarctic bottom water slithers far north on the belly of the sea, over the edge of the continental shelf and into the abyssal zones at the bottom of the oceans.

2010 E. Flügel Microfacies Carbonate Rocks (ed. 2) ii. 46/2 The abyssal zone seaward of the bathyal zone covers approximately 75% of the total ocean floor.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	abyssal
释义	abyssaladj.n. Brit. /əˈbɪsl/, U.S. /əˈbɪsəl/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin abyssalis. Etymology: < post-classical Latin abyssalis infernal (13th cent. in British and continental sources), very deep, incomprehensible (14th cent.) < abyssus abyss n. + classical Latin -ālis -al suffix¹. Compare Middle French, French abyssal (1521), Old Occitan abisal . Compare abysmal adj. With sense A. 2 compare slightly earlier abyssopelagic adj. A. adj. 1. Characteristic of an abyss; unfathomable. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > infiniteness > [adjective] > that cannot be circumscribed incomprehensiblea1340 interminablec1374 indeterminable1486 uncompassable?1536 incircumscriptible1550 unlimitable1576 uncircumscriptible1577 immensible1579 illimitable1596 uncircumscribable1608 abyssal1609 unboundable1622 undeterminable1633 indefinible1652 unterminablea1677 exterminable1813 the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > vertical extent > extension downwards or depth > [adjective] > very groundlessc888 bottomlessc1400 profound?a1425 neal1574 soundlessc1595 insoundable1602 gulfy1607 unbottomed1615 depthless1619 unsoundable1629 chin-deep1634 fathomless1638 abysming1644 unfounded1648 abysmal1656 plumbless1665 unfathomablea1676 chasmy1793 fathom-deep1835 plummetlessc1861 chasmal1871 abyssal1903 1609 Benet of Canfield Rule of Perfection ii. i. 130 All self-will, intrest, and commoditie, is plunged into the bottomlesse gulfe of this will and the abyssall pleasure therof. 1651 J. Ellistone tr. J. Böhme Signatura Rerum iii. 13 An Eye of Eternity, an Abyssal Eye, that standeth or seeth in the Nothing, for it is the Abyss. 1691 T. Tryon Pythagoras his Mystick Philos. Reviv'd xii. 230 'Tis certain mans soul is a Mystery, breathed out of the grand Mystery, or Abyssal Fountain. 1752 W. Law Spirit of Love (1816) ii. 66 God is an abyssal infinity of love, wisdom, & goodness. a1763 J. Byrom Misc. Poems (1773) II. 267 Nature, without him, is th' abyssal Dark, Void of the Light's beatifying Spark. 1870 Q. Rev. July 137 The being..came up to the surface yesterday, and sinks into the abyssal void to-morrow. 1888 E. L. Frothingham & A. L. Frothingham Christian Philos. 46 It posits the Nothing, the abyssal, dark, and chaotic Void, as the only eternal reality. 1903 A. R. Wallace Man's Place in Universe xii. 229 New continents were being raised up from the abyssal depths of the ocean. 1976 R. S. Lewis From Vinland to Mars 184 The pilots saw the friendly lights of Perth, Australia twinkling far below in the abyssal dark. 2001 A. W. Bartlett Cross Purposes iv. 172 Dostoyevsky has stripped the possibility of abyssal love of almost all supernatural and institutional features. 2. Oceanography. Belonging to or characteristic of the lowest depths of the ocean, esp. (in later use) the abyssal zone or an abyssal plain, as opposed to an oceanic trench (see the note at abyssal zone n. at Compounds). ΚΠ 1852 Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. 8 303 (table) Marine Zones of Depth, according to Prof. E. Forbes, 1852... Abyssal zone 100 fathoms. 1853 E. Forbes & S. Hanley Hist. Brit. Mollusca I. p. xxviii Beneath this zone is the Abyssal Region, which can scarcely be said to be developed within the British area. 1872 H. A. Nicholson Man. Palæontol. 23 The abyssal mud of the Atlantic is to a very large extent composed of the microscopic shells of Foraminifera. a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) I. iii. 50 The Deep Sea or abyssal area, which is always taken to mean the dark, cold, quiet waters on the floor, or near the floor of the abysses,..may be as much as six miles from the surface. 1976 C. Cussler Raise Titanic! (1977) iv. xxxix. 191 We utilized the sea's great abyssal pressures to activate the pump. 2007 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) June 135/1 They saw strange fish down there, and I'm sure that if those strange, abyssal fish could be brought to the surface they'd be here. 3. Geology. (Of rock) formed deep within the earth's crust, plutonic; relating to such rocks. Cf. hypabyssal adj.Now generally avoided as a technical term; when applied to rocks, the word now tends to have the meaning of sense A. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > igneous rock > [adjective] > plutonic Plutonic1833 abyssal1891 1891 J. F. Williams Igneous Rocks Arkansas i. 1 The igneous rocks of Arkansas all belong to the eleolite syenites and their associated dike rocks. They are of the abyssal and intrusive classes, as distinguished from the metamorphic gneisses and schists and the true effusives. 1906 L. V. Pirsson Rocks & Rock Minerals vi. 161 Sometimes this shows itself in the formation of rudely cubic or rhomboidal blocks, as shown in granites and other abyssal rocks. 1933 R. A. Daly Igneous Rocks & Depths of Earth xi. 240 Abyssal injection of substratum material along abyssal fissures in the crust. 1954 C. E. Tilley et al. Harker's Petrol. (ed. 8) i. 20 The massive igneous rocks will first be divided into three groups: abyssal or plutonic, hypabyssal, and superficial or volcanic. B. n. Oceanography. An abyssal zone or region. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > sea or ocean > region of sea or ocean > [noun] > deep place weelc897 sea dinglec1225 regort1477 ocean-deep1590 ocean depth1825 abyssal zone1852 abyssal1896 1896 Science 6 Mar. 366/2 The opinion that the abyssal is especially characterized by primitive forms is not correct; both the litoral and fluvial possess primitive forms. 1990 Amer. Zoologist 30 62/2 Even though the upper abyssal's bathymetric range is about three times that of the Archibenthal Zone, it has only half as many fish species. Compounds abyssal plain n. Oceanography an extensive level area of the deep ocean floor, typically situated between the foot of the continental rise and an oceanic trench and covered with a smooth layer of sediment; cf. abyssal zone n. ΚΠ 1880 T. H. Huxley in Nature 4 Nov. 2/1 That the abyssal plains were ever all elevated, at once, is certainly so improbable that it may justly be termed inconceivable. 1928 F. S. Russell & C. M. Yonge Seas iv. 91 That curious fish of the cod family known as the Macrurus or rat-tail..spends the greater part of its life in the cold dark depths over the abyssal plain. 1970 Islander (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 25 Oct. 10/3 The abyssal plains around the Baranof Channel..are as flat as any prairie. 2007 T. Friend Third Domain v. 155 We're only as deep as the Titanic, which lies on the abyssal plain at 12,500 feet. abyssal zone n. Oceanography the deep part of the ocean, now typically from a depth of 3000 metres (1.9 miles) down to 6000 metres (3.7 miles), though the numerical limits, esp. the upper one, vary.The term originally referred to a depth of 100 fathoms (approx. 183 metres) down to the lowest depth at which life is possible. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > sea or ocean > region of sea or ocean > [noun] > deep place weelc897 sea dinglec1225 regort1477 ocean-deep1590 ocean depth1825 abyssal zone1852 abyssal1896 1852Abyssal zone [see sense A. 2]. 1884 Science 8 Aug. 116/2 Simple ascidians occur in very deep water, and are fairly represented in the abyssal zone. 1944 A. Holmes Princ. Physical Geol. ii. xv. 314 The muds, etc., of the continental slope, and of similar depths around oceanic islands, belong to the bathyal zone; while the oozes of the deep ocean floor belong to the abyssal zone. 1992 D. G. Campbell Crystal Desert i. 25 The Antarctic bottom water slithers far north on the belly of the sea, over the edge of the continental shelf and into the abyssal zones at the bottom of the oceans. 2010 E. Flügel Microfacies Carbonate Rocks (ed. 2) ii. 46/2 The abyssal zone seaward of the bathyal zone covers approximately 75% of the total ocean floor. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adj.n.1609
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