† alightenv.¹

Forms: Middle English aliȝtne, Middle English alliȝtne, 1500s alyghtned (past tense), 1600s alighten.

Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymons: alight v.²; enlighten v.

Etymology: Either an alteration of alight v.², after lighten v.¹ (compare -en suffix⁵), or < enlighten v., with reduction of the prefix (compare a- prefix¹); compare discussion at en- prefix¹.

Obsolete.

transitive. To shed light on; to enlighten, illuminate (literal and figurative).

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > light > illumination > illuminate [verb (transitive)]

onlighteOE

enlightOE

alemeOE

alightOE

lightOE

belighta1200

lightena1382

clear1382

alightenc1384

lumine1387

clarify1398

shine1398

shed1412

beamc1430

enlymec1440

illumine1447

enlumine1481

illustre1490

enclear1509

elumine1532

illuminate1535

unshadow1550

illightena1555

allumine1570

eluminate1580

unnight1594

enlighten1595

to strike up1598

illume1604

luminate1623

illustrate1625

unbenight1629

emblaze1637

burn1712

alluminate1726

lamp1808

enkindle1870

society > communication > information > action of informing > give (information) [verb (transitive)] > inform (a person)

to teach a person a thingc888

meanOE

wiseOE

sayOE

wittera1225

tellc1225

do to witc1275

let witc1275

let seec1330

inform1384

form1399

lerea1400

to wit (a person) to saya1400

learn1425

advertise1431

givec1449

insense?c1450

instruct1489

ascertain1490

let1490

alighta1500

advert1511

signify1523

reform1535

advise1562

partake1565

resolve1568

to do to ware1594

to let into one's knowledge1596

intellect1599

possess1600

acquainta1616

alighten1615

recommenda1616

intelligence1637

apprise1694

appraise1706

introduce1741

avail1785

prime1791

document1807

to put up1811

to put a person au fait of1828

post1847

to keep (someone) straight1862

monish1866

to put next to1896

to put (one) wise (to)1896

voice1898

in the picture1900

to give (someone) a line on1903

to wise up1905

drum1908

hip1932

to fill (someone) in on1945

clue1948

background1961

to mark a person's card1961

to loop in1994

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 1 Cor. iv. 5 Schal aliȝtne [L. inluminabit] the hid thingis of derknessis.

c1450 (c1400) Bk. Vices & Virtues (Huntington) (1942) 120 (MED) Þe Holy Gost, þat a-liȝtneþ in heuene and in erþe alle hem þat ben in grace.

a1547 Earl of Surrey tr. Virgil Fourth Bk. Aeneas (1554) iv. sig. Aiv The next morrow, wyth Pheebus laumpe the earth Alyghtned clere [L. lustrabat].

1615 T. Jackson Iustifying Faith 184 Beseeching him..of his infinite goodnesse to alighten their hearts.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

alightenv.²

Brit.

/əˈlʌɪtn/, U.S.

/əˈlaɪtn/

Forms: 1500s alyghten, 1500s 1700s– alighten, 1600s alightn- (inflected form), 1600s allightned (past participle).

Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: alight v.¹

Etymology: Alteration of alight v.¹, after lighten v.², compare -en suffix⁵.

Now rare.

†1. transitive. To relieve (of a burden); to lighten, alleviate. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > pleasure > state of being consoled or relieved > be relieved of [verb (transitive)] > console or relieve > relieve of suffering

lighteOE

unbindc950

alightOE

slakea1300

deliverc1325

covera1375

lissec1374

relievea1382

allegea1425

refreshc1430

alighten1530

untaste1609

mitigate1644

disaffright1676

soothe1746

shrive1899

the world > matter > properties of materials > lightness > make light or lighter [verb (transitive)]

lighta1225

lighten?a1425

alleviate1592

alightena1661

levitate1686

lightweight1955

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 420/2 I alyghten of a burden or conforte in distresse.

?1572 T. Paynell tr. Treasurie Amadis of Fraunce xi. 273 Therefore madame I pray you to alighten me of my greate sorow that I beare and suffer, and to certifie me of all that yee know.

a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Dorset 282 On the fifth day Mr. Hedly died..whereby their Boat was somewhat allightned.

1781 R. Burns Let. 27 Dec. in Wks. (1834) VI. 7 Sometimes,..when for an hour or two my spirits are alightened, I glimmer a little into futurity.

2. intransitive. To dismount; to alight, land. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > ride a horse (or other animal) [verb (intransitive)] > dismount

lighteOE

alightOE

falla1300

avoid1485

demountc1540

elight1542

descend1548

avale1590

dismount1594

alighten1600

unlight1623

unhorse1633

unmount1655

to get off1688

1600 C. Edmondes Obseruations Fiue Bks. Caesars Comm. i. xvii. 49 Euery man carying his foot soldior behinde him, who at the encounter suddainly alightning charged vpon the enemy.

1697 London Gaz. mmmcccxli/1 The Recorder also alightning,..the Proceeding from thence to Whitehall, was in manner following.

1795 Strictures Prophecies R. Brothers 14 ‘The Spirit of God descending like a Dove, and lighting upon him’.., is to be understood as a dove hovers before it alightens.

1866 Brit. Army & Navy Rev. June 295 The locust swarm had just alightened there to lay them waste.

1990 R. Menzel in R. P. Kesner & D. S. Olton Neurobiol. Compar. Cognition x. 248 Only a fraction of the flowers on which a bee alightens provide nectar and/or pollen.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	alighten
释义	† alightenv.¹ Forms: Middle English aliȝtne, Middle English alliȝtne, 1500s alyghtned (past tense), 1600s alighten. Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymons: alight v.²; enlighten v. Etymology: Either an alteration of alight v.², after lighten v.¹ (compare -en suffix⁵), or < enlighten v., with reduction of the prefix (compare a- prefix¹); compare discussion at en- prefix¹. Obsolete. transitive. To shed light on; to enlighten, illuminate (literal and figurative). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > illumination > illuminate [verb (transitive)] onlighteOE enlightOE alemeOE alightOE lightOE belighta1200 lightena1382 clear1382 alightenc1384 lumine1387 clarify1398 shine1398 shed1412 beamc1430 enlymec1440 illumine1447 enlumine1481 illustre1490 enclear1509 elumine1532 illuminate1535 unshadow1550 illightena1555 allumine1570 eluminate1580 unnight1594 enlighten1595 to strike up1598 illume1604 luminate1623 illustrate1625 unbenight1629 emblaze1637 burn1712 alluminate1726 lamp1808 enkindle1870 society > communication > information > action of informing > give (information) [verb (transitive)] > inform (a person) to teach a person a thingc888 meanOE wiseOE sayOE wittera1225 tellc1225 do to witc1275 let witc1275 let seec1330 inform1384 form1399 lerea1400 to wit (a person) to saya1400 learn1425 advertise1431 givec1449 insense?c1450 instruct1489 ascertain1490 let1490 alighta1500 advert1511 signify1523 reform1535 advise1562 partake1565 resolve1568 to do to ware1594 to let into one's knowledge1596 intellect1599 possess1600 acquainta1616 alighten1615 recommenda1616 intelligence1637 apprise1694 appraise1706 introduce1741 avail1785 prime1791 document1807 to put up1811 to put a person au fait of1828 post1847 to keep (someone) straight1862 monish1866 to put next to1896 to put (one) wise (to)1896 voice1898 in the picture1900 to give (someone) a line on1903 to wise up1905 drum1908 hip1932 to fill (someone) in on1945 clue1948 background1961 to mark a person's card1961 to loop in1994 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 1 Cor. iv. 5 Schal aliȝtne [L. inluminabit] the hid thingis of derknessis. c1450 (c1400) Bk. Vices & Virtues (Huntington) (1942) 120 (MED) Þe Holy Gost, þat a-liȝtneþ in heuene and in erþe alle hem þat ben in grace. a1547 Earl of Surrey tr. Virgil Fourth Bk. Aeneas (1554) iv. sig. Aiv The next morrow, wyth Pheebus laumpe the earth Alyghtned clere [L. lustrabat]. 1615 T. Jackson Iustifying Faith 184 Beseeching him..of his infinite goodnesse to alighten their hearts. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2021). alightenv.² Brit. /əˈlʌɪtn/, U.S. /əˈlaɪtn/ Forms: 1500s alyghten, 1500s 1700s– alighten, 1600s alightn- (inflected form), 1600s allightned (past participle). Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: alight v.¹ Etymology: Alteration of alight v.¹, after lighten v.², compare -en suffix⁵. Now rare. †1. transitive. To relieve (of a burden); to lighten, alleviate. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pleasure > state of being consoled or relieved > be relieved of [verb (transitive)] > console or relieve > relieve of suffering lighteOE unbindc950 alightOE slakea1300 deliverc1325 covera1375 lissec1374 relievea1382 allegea1425 refreshc1430 alighten1530 untaste1609 mitigate1644 disaffright1676 soothe1746 shrive1899 the world > matter > properties of materials > lightness > make light or lighter [verb (transitive)] lighta1225 lighten?a1425 alleviate1592 alightena1661 levitate1686 lightweight1955 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 420/2 I alyghten of a burden or conforte in distresse. ?1572 T. Paynell tr. Treasurie Amadis of Fraunce xi. 273 Therefore madame I pray you to alighten me of my greate sorow that I beare and suffer, and to certifie me of all that yee know. a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Dorset 282 On the fifth day Mr. Hedly died..whereby their Boat was somewhat allightned. 1781 R. Burns Let. 27 Dec. in Wks. (1834) VI. 7 Sometimes,..when for an hour or two my spirits are alightened, I glimmer a little into futurity. 2. intransitive. To dismount; to alight, land. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > ride a horse (or other animal) [verb (intransitive)] > dismount lighteOE alightOE falla1300 avoid1485 demountc1540 elight1542 descend1548 avale1590 dismount1594 alighten1600 unlight1623 unhorse1633 unmount1655 to get off1688 1600 C. Edmondes Obseruations Fiue Bks. Caesars Comm. i. xvii. 49 Euery man carying his foot soldior behinde him, who at the encounter suddainly alightning charged vpon the enemy. 1697 London Gaz. mmmcccxli/1 The Recorder also alightning,..the Proceeding from thence to Whitehall, was in manner following. 1795 Strictures Prophecies R. Brothers 14 ‘The Spirit of God descending like a Dove, and lighting upon him’.., is to be understood as a dove hovers before it alightens. 1866 Brit. Army & Navy Rev. June 295 The locust swarm had just alightened there to lay them waste. 1990 R. Menzel in R. P. Kesner & D. S. Olton Neurobiol. Compar. Cognition x. 248 Only a fraction of the flowers on which a bee alightens provide nectar and/or pollen. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < v.¹c1384v.²1530
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† alightenv.1

alightenv.2

† alightenv.¹

alightenv.²