单词 | cope |
释义 | copen.1 a. A long cloak or cape worn as an outer garment, chiefly out of doors. Obsolete. Cf. cape n.2By the 16th cent. translators used to render χλαμύς and toga. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > loose clothing > cloak, mantle, or cape rifteOE mantleeOE whittlec900 hackleeOE bratc950 reafOE capec1275 copec1275 cloakc1300 toge?a1400 caster1567 togeman1567 vinegar1699 overcloak1831 pharos1871 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 3880 A cniht mid his capen [c1300 Otho cope]. c1275 Laȝamon Brut On cniht mid his cope. 1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 46 A route Of ladies..In kirtles and in copes riche They weren clothed alle aliche. 1466 Paston Lett. No. 549 II. 270 Cloth for a ridyng cope for himself. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Isa. xxx. D Yf ye destroye the syluer workes of youre Idols, and cast awaye the golden coapes that ye deckt them withall. 1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes (1877) 27 Xantippe had pulled awaie her housebandes cope from his backe, even in the open strete. 1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes (1877) 47 The side robe or cope of homely and course clothe soche as the beggerie philosophiers, and none els vsen to weare. 1574 tr. T. de Bèze et al. in Brieff Disc. Troubles Franckford p. cciii Copes and garments aswell for the common vse, as for the ministerie. 1745 D. E. Baker tr. ‘A. F. de Avellaneda’ Don Quixote I. i. v. 31 This curious Cap and his fine brocard Cope will make him outshine the Sun-Dial. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > monastic garb > items of attire > [noun] > cloak cope?c1225 ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 46 Ȝef þet he haueð an wid hod & an loke cape. c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 227/274 Monekes it weren ech-on, And yreuested faire and in queor-copes. c1315 Shoreham 110 Under couele and cope The foule prede lythe. c1394 P. Pl. Crede 292 Seyn þat þey folwen fully Fraunceses rewle, Þat in cotynge of his cope is more cloþ y-folden Þan was in Fraunces froc. c1400 Rom. Rose 7412 Doen on the cope of a frere. c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 262 For there he [sc. the Frere] was nat lyk a Cloystrer With a threedbare cope as is a poure scoler. c. In the University of Cambridge, a cape or tippet of ermine worn by doctors of divinity on certain special occasions. ΚΠ 1798 A. Wall Acct. Different Ceremonies Cambr. (1828) 39 The Vice-Chancellor is in his cope. 1798 A. Wall Acct. Different Ceremonies Cambr. (1828) 80 After the Service, they return to the Vestry, where the Doctors in Divinity change their copes for their Scarlet gowns, and the Proctors their Congregation habit for their hoods squared. 2. a. Ecclesiastical. A vestment of silk or other material resembling a long cloak made of a semicircular piece of cloth, worn by ecclesiastics in processions, also at Vespers, and on some other occasions. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > vestments > outer garments > [noun] > cope cantel-capea1121 copec1290 cantor-cope1348 cape?1510 pluvial1621 cappa1859 1868 W. B. Marriott Vestiarium Christianum 167 The name pluviale..and ..cappa, and our own cope point to the origin of the vestment as originally worn out of doors as a protection from the weather.] b. In historical contexts sometimes used where chasuble or pallium would be technically correct. Π 1591 R. Percyvall Bibliotheca Hispanica Dict. at Casulla A cope for a priest, læna. 1826 H. H. Milman Anne Boleyn (1827) 13 I saw the Arch~heretic, enrobed In the cope and pall of mitred Canterbury, Lift the dread Host with misbelieving hands. 1862 H. Marryat One Year in Sweden I. 311 He arranged..that the Swedish primate should receive the cope, sent by the pontiff, from the hands of her archbishop. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > household linen > table linen > [noun] > tablecloth board-clothc1200 clothc1300 napec1400 tablecloth1438 underclothc1440 couchc1460 copea1475 dresser1571 coucher1572 a1475 Bk. Curtasye (Sloane 1986) l. 689 in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 322 At aþer ende he [sc. the pantere] castes a cope, Layde downe on borde, þe endys plyed vp. 4. figurative. (In cope of night, the primary notion was apparently ‘cloak’; but in later use, that of ‘canopy’ or ‘vault’ appears to be sometimes present; cf. sense 7.) Π 1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 101 This Yris..Her reiny cope did upon. c1400 Test. Love (1560) i. 275 b/1 The cope of tene is wound about all my body. 1430 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy iii. xxiii Night aprocheth with his coopes dunne. 1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 45 Whom though you..enriche with a great dower of wordes, and decke with gay copes of sentences. 1704 J. Addison Campaign 10 Till the dark Cope of Night with kind Embrace Befriends the Rout, and covers their Disgrace. 1838 R. Southey Inscriptions xxv, in Poet. Wks. III. 135 The second night drew over them Its sheltering cope. 1866 W. R. Alger Solitudes Nature & Man iv. 282 Under the cope of midnight. Π a1505 R. Henryson Ressoning betuix Deth & Man 43 in Poems (1981) 175 And to the, Deid, to lurk vnder thi caip, I offir me with hairt rycht hummily. c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. xvi. xix. f. 243/2 He miserabilly deceissit and wes brocht in ane cape of leid in [= into] Ingland. a1572 J. Knox Hist. Reformation Scotl. in Wks. (1846) I. 179 It was thowght best, to keap him frome styncking, to geve him great salt ynewcht, [and] a cope of lead. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > arch > [noun] > vaulting voisoura1400 vousing1412 embowing1430 cope1484 vaulting1513 embow1548 embowment1626 concameration1644 cameration1664 vaulture1692 coving1703 1484 W. Caxton tr. G. de la Tour-Landry Bk. Knight of Tower (1971) cxxiii. 166 They [sc. two quenes] were take, and putte vnder a grete and heuy coope of lede, And there they deyd of an euylle dethe. 1578 J. Banister Hist. Man iv. f. 61v The vi [muscle]..runneth vnder the coape, or vaulte of the wrest of the hand. 7. a. cope of heaven n. the over-arching canopy or vault of heaven. Cf. canopy n. 2b, vault n.1 under the cope of heaven = ‘under heaven, in all the world’: an exceedingly common phrase from 14th to 18th centuries. ΘΠ the world > the universe > sky, heavens > [noun] roofeOE welkinc825 heaveneOE heightOE heavenOE liftOE loftOE welkin1122 skies?a1289 firmamentc1290 skewa1300 spherea1300 skewsc1320 hemispherec1374 cope of heavenc1380 clouda1400 skya1425 elementc1485 axle-treea1522 scrowc1540 pole1572 horizona1577 vaulta1586 round?1593 the cope1596 pend1599 floor1600 canopy1604 cope1609 expansion1611 concameration1625 convex1627 concave1635 expansum1635 blue1647 the expanse1667 blue blanket1726 empyrean1727 carry1788 span1803 overhead1865 c1380 Eng. Wycliffite Serm. in Sel. Wks. II. 3 Oþer housis hadde he noon but þis wildernesse and cope [v.r. coope] of hevene. c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women Hyps. & Medea. 1527 Undyr the cope of heven that is above. 1460 Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1866) 97 The grettest Clerke..vnder heuen cope. 1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) xxvii. 574 Ther is not your leke vnder the cope of heven. c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) 2 The maist vailȝeant princis that ar vndir the cape of hauyn. 1591 E. Spenser Prosopopoia in Complaints 1228 Whatso the heauen in his wide cope containes. 1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. xiv. vi. 10 From all parts of the wide world..within the cope and curtaine of heaven. ?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads v. 773 Betwixt the cope of stars and earth. 1633 Campion's Hist. Ireland ii. ix. 115 I serve under the cope of heaven, when you are served under a Canopy. 1666 J. Bunyan Grace Abounding 389 Whether there be..a Woman breathing under the Copes of the whole Heaven. 1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker I. 188 Without any other cover than the cope of Heaven. 1829 H. Neele Lit. Remains 314 The arch of Heaven's wide cope. 1880 A. C. Swinburne Stud. in Song 38 Darkening the sky To the extreme azure of all its cloudless cope. b. Also simply the cope. ΘΠ the world > the universe > sky, heavens > [noun] roofeOE welkinc825 heaveneOE heightOE heavenOE liftOE loftOE welkin1122 skies?a1289 firmamentc1290 skewa1300 spherea1300 skewsc1320 hemispherec1374 cope of heavenc1380 clouda1400 skya1425 elementc1485 axle-treea1522 scrowc1540 pole1572 horizona1577 vaulta1586 round?1593 the cope1596 pend1599 floor1600 canopy1604 cope1609 expansion1611 concameration1625 convex1627 concave1635 expansum1635 blue1647 the expanse1667 blue blanket1726 empyrean1727 carry1788 span1803 overhead1865 1596 E. Spenser Hymne in Honour of Love 95 All these things that are contained Within this goodly cope. 1609 W. Shakespeare Pericles xix. 149 The cheapest countrey vnder the coap . View more context for this quotation 1657 A. Cokayne Obstinate Lady ii. i. 16 The most insatiable Gluttons under the Cope. 1736 J. Thomson Britain: 4th Pt. Liberty 1177 Exalted as the cope That swells immense o'er many-peopled earth. 1827 R. Pollok Course of Time x The cope, above and round about, was calm. 1867 G. MacDonald Songs of Summer Days iv. ii Slow clouds from north and south appear..And climb the vaulted cope. c. In later usage, apparently, vaguely used for (a) vertex, height (as if confused with cop); (b) firmament, expanse. ΘΠ the world > the universe > sky, heavens > [noun] roofeOE welkinc825 heaveneOE heightOE heavenOE liftOE loftOE welkin1122 skies?a1289 firmamentc1290 skewa1300 spherea1300 skewsc1320 hemispherec1374 cope of heavenc1380 clouda1400 skya1425 elementc1485 axle-treea1522 scrowc1540 pole1572 horizona1577 vaulta1586 round?1593 the cope1596 pend1599 floor1600 canopy1604 cope1609 expansion1611 concameration1625 convex1627 concave1635 expansum1635 blue1647 the expanse1667 blue blanket1726 empyrean1727 carry1788 span1803 overhead1865 the world > space > relative position > high position > [noun] > highest point or top headOE copa1000 heightOE topc1000 highestlOE crest1382 coperounc1400 summita1425 summity?a1425 toppet1439 altitude?a1475 upperest1484 principala1533 pitcha1552 supremity1584 culm1587 period1595 spire1600 upward1608 cope1609 fastigium1641 vertex1641 culmen1646 supreme1652 tip-top1702 peak1785 helm1893 altaltissimo1975 1609 N. Breton Poste with Packet Madde Lett. (new ed.) sig. Gv Sweete Ladie, If the reach of my capacitie could clime the cope [?1605, 1607 hope] of your fauoure. 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 68 Not from the temporall skie and firmament, but even from the highest cope of heaven. 1730 J. Thomson Autumn in Seasons 126 From heaven's high cope the fierce effulgence shook. d. A vault or canopy like that of the sky. ΘΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > curved surface > [noun] > like a vault or dome vault1530 cope1667 dome1726 umbrella type1913 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 345 Bad Angels seen Hovering on wing under the Cope of Hell. View more context for this quotation 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 215 So under fierie Cope together rush'd Both Battels maine. View more context for this quotation a1678 A. Marvell Upon Appleton House in Misc. Poems (1681) 97 Under this antick Cope I move. 1847 H. W. Longfellow Evangeline ii. ii. 79 Over them, vast and high, extended the cope of a cedar. 8. Founding. The outer portion or case of a mould; the outer mould in bell-founding. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > metalworking equipment > [noun] > casting equipment > mould > parts or accessories of mould flask1697 sharp1703 core1728 oddside1836 drawback1843 cope1856 nowel1864 rapping plate1876 prod1888 knock-out1893 undercut1909 hot top1917 tundish1926 pipe chaplet1934 natch1941 parting1967 1856 Penny Post Nov. (Ellacombe) In the case of the large Westminster bell, the cope was of iron, with the interior covered with a composition of clay and sand, etc. 1857 W. C. Lukis Acct. Church Bells 21 The outer mould or cope is formed. 1872 H. T. Ellacombe Church Bells Devon 200 The cope fitted over the core, like an extinguisher over a candle, with a vacuum left between them to receive the fused metal. 1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 128 at Drag. The mould having been prepared in the two parts of the flask, the cope is put upon the drag before casting. After casting, the flask is opened by removing the cope. 1889 Notes Building Constr. (rev. ed.) III. 269 The outer brick cope..is..lifted away. Π 1631 G. Markham Inrichm. Weald of Kent (new ed.) ii. i. 7 Some of them [marls] have over them a cover of ground, which we call Cope. 1631 G. Markham Inrichm. Weald of Kent (new ed.) ii. i. 7 A cold stiff and wet clay, which is either the Cope of the Marl or lieth near unto it..commonly called The Marl Cope ground. 10. The coping n.5 of a wall, etc. (dialect cape). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > disposition of stones or bricks > [noun] > single layer on same level > types of grass tablea1472 coping1601 tableting1610 plinth1640 plinth course1693 stretching-course1700 bench1730 binding1730 earth table1822 lacing course1833 vertical bond1833 rowlock1864 cope1880 soldier course1948 1847–78 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words Cape, the coping of a wall. 1877 E. Peacock Gloss. Words Manley & Corringham, Lincs. Cape, Capeing, the coping-stones of a wall or other building. 1880 L. Wallace Ben-Hur 351 Solid wall..with a balustrade on its cope. Compounds C1. In sense 2, as cope-chest, cope-maker, cope-work. Π 1551–60 Inventory Sir H. Parkers in H. Hall Society in Elizabethan Age (1887) 151 A Tester of blewe and white velvett, panyd & embroderid with Cope worcke of gould. 1628 MS Canterbury Marriage Licences John Salter of Canterbury cope-maker. 1865 Athenæum No. 1941. 24/2 Armoire, cope-chest, stalls. 1874 J. T. Micklethwaite Mod. Parish Churches 163 The mediæval quadrant-shaped cope-chests. C2. cope bead n. (see quot.). Π 1885 Spons' Mechanics' Own Bk. 374 The other drawers..receive a 1/ 8-in. mahogany beading all round. This is called a ‘cope bead’. cope-box n. a box for holding copes, a cope-chest. Π 1893 T. Fowler Hist. Corpus Christi Coll. 246 A Cope-box purchased for the College. cope ring n. a metal ring with handles used in carrying the sand and loam which forms the upper portion of a loam mould. Π 1888 Lockwood's Dict. Mech. Engin. Cope Ring, the ring which carries the bricks and loam forming the cope of a loam mould. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † copen.2 Obsolete. a. The shock of combat; encounter. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > stroke with weapon > [noun] dintc897 swengOE stroke1297 dentc1325 swinga1400 stripec1475 handstroke1488 coup1523 cope1525 handystroke1542 hand stripe1543 society > armed hostility > armed encounter > [noun] > battle or a battle > onslaught of battle > shock of onslaught smallOE acoupinga1375 copinga1375 coup1523 cope1525 shock1565 encountery1566 1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles II. clxviii. [clxiv.] 469 They ran togyder and met so rudely yt their horses stayed with ye cope. 1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles II. clxviii. [clxiv.] 475 The seconde cope they attaynted eche other on the helmes that the fyre flewe oute. 1594 2nd Rep. Dr. Faustus xxvi. sig. I4 In the cope all the 4. Ianissaries were runne quite throw, and throw. 1653 T. Urquhart tr. F. Rabelais 1st Bk. Wks. Prol. 5 Books..in the cope and encounter somewhat difficult. 1653 T. Urquhart tr. F. Rabelais in Wks. (1859) I. 181 He fought at barriers..and when it came to the cope, he stood so sturdily on his feet. 1773 J. Ross Fratricide (MS) iv. 310 Bent on the signal cope and steel'd with guilt. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > mastery or superiority > have or gain mastery or superiority over [verb (transitive)] overcomeeOE forecomec1000 overwieldlOE masterc1225 overmaistrie1340 overmatcha1375 overpassa1382 surmount1390 to have the fairer (of)c1400 maistriec1400 overmasterc1425 winc1440 overc1485 bestride1526 rixlec1540 overreach1555 control1567 overmate1567 govern1593 to give (a person) the lurch1598 get1600 to gain cope of1614 top1633 to fetch overa1640 down1641 to have the whip hand (of)1680 carberry1692 to cut down1713 to be more than a match for1762 outflank1773 outmaster1799 outgeneral1831 weather1834 best1839 fore-reach1845 to beat a person at his (also her, etc.) own game1849 scoop1850 euchrec1866 bemaster1871 negotiate1888 to do down1900 to get (someone) wetc1926 lick1946 1614 T. Adams Diuells Banket v. 248 Wee should gaine cope of them, and out-runne them. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2021). copen.3 Obsolete or dialect. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > bargaining > [noun] > a bargain or deal bargainc1386 cofe1471 cope1546 truck1638 dicker1818 deal1837 1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue ii. ix. sig. L The douche man saieth, that seggyng is good cope. a1592 R. Greene Frier Bacon (1594) sig. B4 Maides when they come to see the faire, Count not to make a cope for dearth of hay. 2. Derbyshire Mining. A duty paid by the miner for permission to raise lead-ore. [See quot. 1747, and cope v.3 4 ] ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > payment for privilege > [noun] > of taking minerals sand-mail1287 lot-leada1483 lot1630 cope1631 sand-gavel1663 lordship1767 gale1775 tribute1778 royalty1839 groundage1852 seignioragea1859 galeage1881 1631 in S. R. Gardiner Rep. Cases Star Chamber & High Comm. (1886) 91 The said Mr Carrier..had likewise taken a farme or lease of the tythe oare, called the lott and cope, from his Majestie, under the seale of the Dutchy of Lancaster. a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Derb. 229 The Lord for Lot, hath the thirteenth dish of Oar, within their Mine, and six pence a load for Cope. 1747 W. Hooson Miners Dict. sig. Fj Any Miner is said to have a Groove [= digging, mine] or Cope, when he takes the said Groove or Bargain to get or raise the Ore, at a certain Price per Load, for some certain time. 1811 J. Farey Gen. View Agric. Derbyshire I. 365 In the measuring of [Lead] Ore at present, every 25th Dish..is taken..as the King's Lot, Cope, or Duty. 1851 Act 14 & 15 Victoria (High Peak Customs Act) c. 94. §9 The Lessee for the Time being of the Duties of Lot and Cope. Compounds cope-money n. ΚΠ 1811 J. Farey Gen. View Agric. Derbyshire I. 366 It is not customary for the Owners to advance any of the Cope Money on account. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † copecopn.4 Obsolete. (See quots.) In quot. 1577 cops is apparently the plural of this word; but this is uncertain, as it translates a Latin singular temonem. ΚΠ 1577 R. Holinshed Hist. Eng. 38/1 in Chron. I They [sc. the Britons] would run vp and downe very nimbly vpon the coppes [1587 Cops], & stand vpon ye beam and conuey themselues quickly again into ye charet. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. viii. 335 The Waine Cop, is the long peece that cometh out from the Cart body to which the Oxen are fastned. 1704 Dict. Rusticum at Cart The Wain Cope, that part which the hinder Oxen are yoaked unto to draw the Wain... The Cope Sale and Pin, are Irons that fasten the Chain with other Oxen thereat, to the end of the Cope. [Hence 1727 in Bradley Fam. Dict., 1730–6 Bailey fol., 1823 Univ. Techn. Dict., etc., etc., s.v. Cope-sale.] 1847 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words I Cop, the beam that is placed between a pair of drawing oxen. [No source or locality given.] This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2021). copev.1 1. transitive. To furnish with or dress in a cope. †to cope it: to put on a cope (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > providing with clothing > provide with clothing [verb (transitive)] > in specific way > with specific garments > cloak or mantle cope1362 mantlec1429 cloak?1521 1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. iii. 36 Þenne com þer a Confessour i-copet as a Frere. 1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. iii. 138 For heo copeþ þe Comissarie and coteþ þe Clerkes. 1574 Brieff Disc. Troubles Franckford p. cxcv Such as are turne coates and can chaunge with al seasons..can cap it can cope it an curry for aduantage. [See also coped adj.] 2. a. Architecture. To cover (a wall, etc.) with a coping n.5 ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > build or provide with specific parts [verb (transitive)] > provide with wall(s) > provide with coping, water-table, or throat copea1625 water-table1797 throat1823 weather1833 1665 in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. v. 4 That upper part of the said wall which hath bine since made and coped by other men at day-work. 1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Wall Brick-Walls..are sometimes coped with Stone, and sometimes with Brick. 1788 Trans. Soc. Arts 6 5 Stone fences, of a proper height coped with two turfs. 1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. xxi. 162 The mounds..were..coped and defended with limestone slabs. 1884 Law Times Rep. 51 230/2 That A.B. do back and cope a hundred rods of their wall by Christmas next. b. To cover a ridge or ‘hip’ on a roof with a metal or other coping to carry off rain, etc. ΚΠ 1792 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 70 358 There are eight hips, all of which are covered or coped with lead. c. transferred and figurative. To cover as, or as with, a coping; to form a coping to. ΚΠ 1842 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 52 402 Behold, where olive-thickets cope The soft and emerald-tinted slope Of sacred Scilus. 1879 S. H. Butcher & A. Lang tr. Homer Odyssey 222 With stones dragged thither had he builded it and coped it with a fence of white thorn. 1890 H. M. Stanley In Darkest Afr. II. xxx. 292 Tufted clumps of trees..coping some turret-like crag. 3. To cover as with a vault or canopy. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > high position > overhanging > overhang [verb (transitive)] > like a roof, tent, penthouse, etc. over-canopy1593 incanopy1607 roof1615 penthouse1637 cope1705 nave1820 overroofa1828 tent1838 society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > build or provide with specific parts [verb (transitive)] > roof > provide with domed or arched roof embow1481 envault1523 cupola1615 cope1705 dome1876 1705 J. Addison Remarks Italy 485 A very large Bridge, that is all made of Wood, and coped over Head, like the rest in Switzerland. 1821 J. Baillie Columbus in Metrical Legends xii Midnight coped the ocean wide. 1856 T. Aird Poet. Wks. (new ed.) 240 The sympathetic heavens Coping this isle of mischief. 4. Horticulture. To protect (wall-fruit) by an overhanging coping, or sloping shelf-like projection. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > cultivation of fruit > cultivate fruit [verb (transitive)] > protect tree by ledge cope1882 1882 The Garden 11 Feb. 105/3 Apricots..may be coped and poled. 1882 The Garden 18 Mar. 187/1 Well coped, but otherwise exposed trees. 5. intransitive. To slope downwards or hang over like a coping. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > inclination > incline or be oblique [verb (intransitive)] > slope > downwards descendc1400 declinec1420 fall1573 cope1601 devall1632 dip1665 drip1678 siddle1894 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxv. xiii. 237 Some bending downe and coping toward the earth, others standing upright. 1679 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. ix. Explan. Terms 165 Coping over, is a sort of hanging over, but not square to its upright. 1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. Gloss. 956 at Coping The sofite of a projection is said to cope over when it slants downwards from the wall. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022). copev.2 I. intransitive (without with). ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > armed encounter > contending in battle > contend in battle or give battle [verb (intransitive)] > join or meet in battle to come togetherOE to lay togetherc1275 smitec1275 to have, keep, make, smite, strike, battle1297 joustc1330 meetc1330 copec1350 assemblea1375 semblea1375 coup?a1400 to fight togethera1400 strikea1400 joinc1400 to join the battle1455 to commit battle?a1475 rencounter1497 to set ina1500 to pitch a battlea1513 concura1522 rescounter1543 scontre1545 journey1572 shock1575 yoke1581 to give in1610 mix1697 to engage a combat1855 to run (or ride) a-tilt1862 society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > jousting or tilting > joust or tilt [verb (intransitive)] playeOE bourdisec1320 joustc1330 copec1350 tourney1390 coup?a1400 joustenc1400 to joust of warc1400 to run togetherc1410 bourda1500 to fight at barriers1532 runa1533 to run at (the) tilt1548 jostle1580 tilt1595 to break a treea1600 to run (or ride) a-tilt1608 to run tilt1831 c1350 [implied in: Will. Palerne 3602 So kenli þei a-cuntred at þe coupyng to-gadere, þat þe kniȝt spere in speldes alto-schiuered. (at coping n.1 1)]. a1471 Chron. Rich. II, etc. (Camden) 8 The erl of Penbroke was slayn with that other knyghtis speer, as he cast it from him whanne thay hadde coupid. 1485 W. Caxton tr. Paris & Vienne (1957) 15 [They] coped to gyder so fyersly þt they brake theyr speres. 1519 W. Horman Vulgaria xxx. f. 261 Both the hostis wolde fayne haue..copt to gether [L. properabat committere]. 1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles II. clxviii. [clxiv.] 468 The thyrde course their horses refused and wolde nat cope. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 7231 [Thay] coupid to-gedur. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 6486 Thay caupit at the knight, kene men of armys. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 7775 Þai caupit togedur That bothe were backward þere borne of þere horses. 1598 R. Grenewey tr. Tacitus Annales ii. iii. 36 They had coped; if Stertinius had not run in, and held backe Flauius. 1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. viii. vii. 407/1 Foote to foot, and man to man, coped together in a most cruell fight. 1726 W. Broome in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey IV. xviii. 65 Swear, to stand neutral while we cope in fight. II. cope with. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > dissent > fighting > fight with [verb (transitive)] fightOE strugglec1386 wrestle1398 cope witha1467 undertake1470 to set one's foot by1536 skirmc1540 make1542 to break blows, words with1589 combata1592 to take up1600 warsle1606 stoush1924 a1467 W. Gregory Chron. (1876) 219 He wolde nevyr cope whithe no man. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 1262 One caupet with hym kenely..And set hym a sad dynt. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. clxxvv He neither would nor durst once medle or coupe with the Erles nauie. 1598 R. Grenewey tr. Tacitus Annales xiii. vi. 186 One Iulius Montanus..by chaunce coping with the Prince in the darke, and rudely thrusting him backe. 1640 J. Yorke Union of Honour 45 Hee also unhorsed..a Valiant Knight, and at last coped with Earle Henry himselfe. 1661 E. Hickeringill Jamaica 42 The Spaniards never durst cope with our men in the plain field. 1774 J. Bryant New Syst. II. 47 He slew every person who ventured to cope with him. a1839 W. M. Praed Poems (1864) II. 15 Woe to the wretch whose single might Copes with dark Allan in the fight! 3. To contend with in a well-matched fight, to contest the field with, to be or prove oneself a match for. (Usually with can, able to, or the like.) a. in a literal contest or battle. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > armed encounter > contending in battle > fight (a battle, etc.) [verb (transitive)] > contend with acounterc1330 bargainc1375 battlec1399 rencontre1455 field1529 pallc1540 cope with1582 combata1592 to grapple witha1616 to give against ——1646 fight1697 contest1764 society > society and the community > dissent > contention or strife > carry on (a contest, fight, etc.) [verb (transitive)] > contend with > in a well-matched contest matchc1400 cope with1582 1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis i. 14 A lucklesse stripling, not a matche too coape with Achilles. 1710 J. Addison Whig Examiner No. 3. ⁋4 They have not been able to cope with the troops of Athens. 1777 J. Sullivan in J. Sparks Corr. Amer. Revol. (1853) II. 63 If your Excellency thinks your force sufficient to Cope with his. 1868 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) II. x. 501 It would be impossible to gather an army able to cope with the insurgents. b. in a figurative contest. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > dissent > competition or rivalry > compete with [verb (transitive)] couple1477 envy1509 contend1577 counterscore1577 paragona1586 corrive1586 emulate1586 emule1595 corrival1601 vie1602 rival1607 vie1607 contesta1616 antagonize1634 cope with1651 to break a lance with1862 1651 N. Bacon Contin. Hist. Disc. Govt. 200 None must cope with him, he must run and out-run all. 1684 tr. T. Bonet Guide Pract. Physician x. 347 The onely [remedy]..able to cope with so stout an Enemy. 1711 C. Davenant Acct. Trade Great Brit. 67 To be in a lasting Condition to Cope with the Dutch in Trade. 1782 F. Burney Diary & Lett. (1842) II. 178 His being too unwell to cope with Dr. Johnson. 1812 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Cantos I & II ii. xxxiii. 77 Brisk Confidence still best with woman copes. 1875 R. W. Emerson Greatness in Wks. (1906) III. 270 Let the scholar measure his valour by his power to cope with intellectual giants. 4. a. figurative. To contend with, face, encounter (dangers, difficulties, etc.). Often implying successful encounter. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > endeavour > attempt [verb (transitive)] > strive or struggle against difficulties deal1469 gripple1591 cope with1641 contend1783 strive1786 to grapple with1830 the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > occupy or engage (a person) [verb (transitive)] > conduct (an affair) > deal with (a matter) takec1175 speedc1374 handc1440 to deal with1469 deduce1528 deal1586 wield1595 cope with1641 tractate1657 handlea1774 job1825 absorb1826 address1838 1641 J. Milton Reason Church-govt. 56 Two heads of evill he has to cope with, ignorance and malice. 1726 G. Shelvocke Voy. round World x. 318 The difficulties and hazards we had to cope with. 1835 A. Ure Philos. Manuf. 16 He was..little qualified to cope with the hardships of a new manufacturing enterprise. 1847 W. H. Prescott Hist. Conquest Peru I. iii. v. 438 His nature was too gentle to cope with the bold and fiercer temper of his brother. 1850 F. W. Robertson Serm. (1872) 3rd Ser. i. 8 The work of coping with evil. a1862 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. (1869) III. v. 293 Unfit to cope with the problems. b. absol. To manage, deal (competently) with, a situation or problem. colloquial. (Cf. manage v. 12b.) ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > be occupied or busy (in or at something) [verb (intransitive)] > conduct affairs > deal with a matter > competently wielda1500 to make good (also quick, sure, etc.) worka1616 manage1762 cope with1934 1934 E. Bowen Cat Jumps 248 Angela rang the bell wildly for someone to come and cope. 1955 Ess. in Crit. 5 62 More confidence might be placed in the writer did we not find on the same page a typical shift of tone to this, on Romeo and Juliet: ‘the kids get involved in a lively way, but then they cannot cope.’ 1958 I. J. C. Brown Words in our Time 41 ‘She suffers from copelessness.’ I have heard this said of an unsatisfactory employee. The use of cope as a verb by itself to describe dealing with all kinds of situations is a recent usage. In my youth we tried, or were told to try, to cope with this or that problem. We were not required to cope in general. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > occurrence > [verb (transitive)] > encounter or experience ymetec893 findeOE meetOE counterc1325 overtakec1390 limp?a1400 tidea1400 runa1450 to fall with ——?c1475 onlightc1475 recounterc1485 recount1490 to come in witha1500 occur1531 to fall on ——1533 to fall upon ——1533 beshine1574 rencontre1582 entertain1591 cope with1594 happen1594 tocome1596 incur1599 forgather1600 thwart1601 to fall in1675 cross1684 to come across ——1738 to cross upon (or on)1748 to fall across ——1760 experience1786 to drop in1802 encounter1814 to come upon ——1820 to run against ——1821 to come in contact with1862 to run across ——1864 to knock or run up against1886 to knock up against1887 the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > occupy or engage (a person) [verb (transitive)] > have to do with or be involved in or with to have to do with (also mid, of, on)lOE meddle1413 intromit1522 fretc1540 make1564 to have a finger in1583 converse1592 cope with1594 trade1595 play1928 1594 W. Shakespeare Lucrece sig. B3v But she that neuer cop't with straunger eies, Could picke no meaning from their parling lookes. 1603 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iii. ii. 53 As iust a man, As e're my conuersation cop'd withall. a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) iv. iv. 424 Thou, fresh peece Of excellent Witchcraft, whom of force must know The royall Foole thou coap'st with. View more context for this quotation 1640 R. Brome Sparagus Garden ii. v His malice works upon me, Past all the drugs and all the Doctors Counsells, That ere I cop'd with. 1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 84 If we our selves were not body as well as soul, our understandings would never have coped with such a thing as placeness or stowage at all. 1822 W. Hazlitt Table-talk II. vi. 141 A heartier friend or honester critic I never coped withal. 1865 A. C. Swinburne At Eleusis in Poems & Ballads 101 How as mate He coped with Hades, yokefellow in sin. III. transitive. ΚΠ 1569 J. Sanford tr. H. C. Agrippa Of Vanitie Artes & Sci. 125 b This Arte [War]..dothe trimly teache to cope blowes, to auoyde them that be geuen, or to warde them with the buckler. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > associate with [verb (transitive)] seeOE drawc1275 mella1300 meeta1325 fellow1340 usec1384 conjoinc1386 joinc1390 knitc1400 accompany1461 enfellowship1470 frequent1477 haunt1477 mixa1513 encompanya1533 combinea1535 contract1548 to take with ——1562 associate1581 to have a saying toa1593 cope1594 sort1594 to take in1597 consort1600 herd1606 factionate1611 to keep company (with)a1616 accost1633 solder1641 converse1649 walk1650 consociate1653 coalite1734 to get with ——a1772 forgather1786 unionize1810 to go rounda1867 to mix in1870 cop1940 society > armed hostility > armed encounter > contending in battle > fight (a battle, etc.) [verb (transitive)] > meet in battle meeteOE to meet withc1325 abattlec1400 recounter1455 check1535 to come up against1535 entertain1555 yoke1581 cope1594 conflict1599 clash1650 engage1697 engage1698 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement towards a thing, person, or position > meeting or encounter > meet or encounter [verb (transitive)] > specific object person(s) meeta1325 occur1531 cope1594 to meet in with1821 to meet up with1870 1594 W. Shakespeare Venus & Adonis (new ed.) sig. Fiijv Finding their enemie to be so curst, They all straine curtsie who shall cope him first. 1603 J. Florio tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. iii. v. 523 His [sc. Cupid's] power checketh and copes all other might. 1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida i. ii. 32 They say hee yesterday cop't Hector in the battell and stroke him downe. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) ii. i. 67. a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) iv. i. 85 Where, how, how oft, how long agoe, and when, He has, and is againe to cope your wife. View more context for this quotation ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > equality or equivalence > make equal [verb (transitive)] > find or produce an equal to match1596 cope1600 parallel1609 parallelize1669 1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iv. i. 409 Most worthy gentleman..three thousand ducats due vnto the Iew wee freely cope your curtious paines withall. View more context for this quotation 9. To be a match for, face, encounter (cf. 4). rare. ΚΠ 1872 Ld. Tennyson Gareth & Lynette 73 Saving that ye mistrusted our good King Would..yield you, asking, one Not fit to cope thy quest. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022). copev.3 Obsolete exc. dialect. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > buying > buy [verb (transitive)] cheapc950 buyc1000 takea1382 purchasec1390 costa1400 coffc1425 redeem?1520 cope1570 fetch1605 shop1944 1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Oii/2 To Cope, cambire, emere. 1599 (title) Key to vnknowne knowledge, or a shop of fiue Windowes, Which if you doe open To cheapen and copen. c1605 (?a1500) London Lickpenny (Harl. 367) l. 47 in Anglia (1898) 20 415 Flemynge began on me for to cry master what will you copen or by. 2. To exchange, barter. cope away: to give away in exchange, to barter away. dialect. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > barter > [verb (transitive)] interchangec1374 changea1382 barterc1440 corsec1440 rore1440 truckc1440 coss14.. scorse1509 chafferc1535 to chop and change1549 chop1554 cope1570 excourse1593 swap1594 coupc1610 exchange1614 to trade off1676 rap1699 dicker1864 horse-trade1924 1570 [see sense 1]. 1584 R. Wilson Three Ladies Lond. in W. C. Hazlitt Dodsley's Sel. Coll. Old Eng. Plays (1874) VI. 331 Have you any olde bootes Or any olde shoone..To cope with new broome? 1638 T. Heywood Wise Woman iii, in Wks. (1874) V. 314 If a man might change away his Wife..and cope her away like a bad commoditie. 1674 J. Ray S. & E. Countrey Words in Coll. Eng. Words 62 Cope, to chop or exchange, used by the Coasters of Norfol. Suffol. &c. [1691 as also in Yorkshire]. 1887 E. J. Mather Nor'ard of Dogger (1889) iii. 37 I've seen scores of nets coped away for brandy. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > bargaining > bargain [verb (intransitive)] > make a bargain to make (a or one's) merchandise?a1300 swapc1400 cope1575 to strike (up obs.) a bargain1607 1575 W. Fulke Confut. Doctr. Purgatory (1577) 371 You say we might..haue coped for one of those Lyturgies, if we liked not Gregories Masse, rather then to haue forged a new. 1591 E. Spenser Prosopopoia in Complaints 527 [The Patron] Will cope with thee in reasonable wise; That if the living yerely doo arise To fortie pound, that then his yongest sonne Shall twentie have, and twentie thou hast wonne. 1614 T. Gentleman Englands Way to win Wealth 38 And brings them gold and fresh supplies, and copeth with them. 4. Derbyshire Mining. ‘To agree to get ore at a fixed sum per dish or measure.’ ΚΠ 1802 J. Mawe Mineral. of Derbyshire Gloss. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022). copev.4 Falconry. transitive. To cut, pare, the beak or talons of a hawk. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > hawking > [verb (transitive)] > other hawking procedures enseamc1450 imp1477 rebuke1486 feat1508 mewc1515 canvas1559 cope1575 mail1575 man1575 watchc1575 to imp the wings of1596 pepper1618 stone1618 brail1643 feak1686 hack1873 1575 G. Turberville Bk. Faulconrie 78 Coping yrons, to cope his hawkes beake if it be ouergrowen,..and to cope hir pownces and talons, if neede be. 1614 G. Markham Cheape & Good Husbandry (1668) viii. viii. 130 If you break or rive her pounce, or but coape it so short that she bleed..yet it will indanger her life. 1619 E. Bert Approved Treat. Hawkes 67 Let her be short-coped, so I would advise all short-winged hawkes to be used. 1674 N. Cox Gentleman's Recreation ii. 157 Neither must he [sc. a falconer] be without his Coping-Irons to cope his Hawk's Beak. 1875 ‘Stonehenge’ Man. Brit. Rural Sports (ed. 12) 244 The beak and talons should be closely coped. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022). copev.5 Obsolete or dialect. transitive. To tie or sew up the mouth of (a ferret); also figurative of a person. Const. up. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > hunting specific animals > [verb (transitive)] > hunt rabbits > with ferrets > tie mouth of ferret cope1568 1568 V. Skinner tr. R. González de Montes Discouery Inquisition of Spayne f. 52v By thys theyr so strayt enioyning them silence..they cope them..with nedle and threede, and so kepe in al theyr knauery and tyranny. 1601 J. Deacon & J. Walker Dialogicall Disc. Spirits & Diuels 214 It shall not be amisse to cope vp your lips a little. 1612 T. Taylor Αρχὴν Ἁπάντων: Comm. Epist. Paul to Titus ii. 9 Neither are they here coped from all manner of speach, when iust occasion of speach is offred. 1631 T. Dekker Match mee in London iv. ii. 50 Your lips coap'd like a Ferret. 1631 R. Brathwait Whimzies xx. 163 His nimble ferrets must now become Pioners for their Master; who coupes them. 1672 J. Eachard Mr. Hobbs's State Nature Considered 126 Roger has a vocal instrument..called a mouth, and being not muzled, gagged, or cop'd..May stretch it out as wide as he please. a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) Cope. The use of this word is confined to warreners, who are said to ‘cope’ their ferrets, when they sew or tie up their mouths, to prevent them from biting rabbits, when they..drive them from their holes. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online December 2020). † copev.6 Obsolete. transitive. ΚΠ a1645 W. Browne tr. M. Le Roy Hist. Polexander (1647) ii. i. 166 The Old Narcissus..lifted his hands to his eies to cope thence his teares. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < n.1?c1225n.21525n.31546n.41577v.11362v.2c1350v.31570v.41575v.51568v.6a1645 |
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