controlledadj.
/kənˈtrəʊld/, U.S. /kənˈtroʊld/ 1. Held in check, restrained; subjected to direction and regulation, carefully governed. Cf. uncontrolled adj. 1.Recorded earliest in well-controlled adj.
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society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > [adjective] > restrained
bridled1567
retent1568
restrained1578
controlled1581
snubbed1583
retained1592
retentive1599
curbed1600
repressed1606
stifleda1643
suspense1667
light1740
reined-in1740
checked1793
reined-up1835
reticent1877
snaffled1877
directed1891
1581 A. Hall tr. Homer 10 Bks. Iliades ix. 161 Mine and other princes parts were minste and wel controlde.
1592 A. Day 2nd Pt. Eng. Secretorie sig. K4, in Eng. Secretorie (rev. ed.) The limits of a comptrolled rule.
1706 J. Gilbert Refl. on Dr. Fleetwood's Ess. 16 The one [Power] appearing limited and controlled, and thereby inferior; the other unlimited.
1783 E. Burke Speech Fox's E. India Bill in Wks. (1815) IV. 112 Controuled depravity is not innocence.
1849 J. J. G. Wilkinson E. Swedenborg i. 9 These poems display fancy, but a controlled imagination.
1888 Pall Mall Gaz. 19 Dec. 3/1 Controlled enthusiasm.
1922 M. de la Roche Explorers of Dawn iv. 119 ‘I presume you have another?’ said Mrs. Handsomebody in a controlled voice but gripping the arms of her chair.
1946 Jrnl. Business Univ. Chicago 19 36/1 It would be unlikely..for normal competitive conditions to exist in a controlled wartime economy built to operate in a relatively short time-frame.
1988 Update 15 Oct. 697/3 Oesophageal speech can be developed by many patients. Air is swallowed and regurgitated in a controlled fashion enabling the mouth and tongue to articulate on the moving column of air.
2007 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 31 May 27/1 His ear for the self-incriminating quote,..and the controlled anger of his prose make reading the news you thought you knew..into a fresh and even startling experience.
2. attributive.
a. Designating conditions for experimentation and research that are carefully regulated, esp. so as to prevent unwanted influence.The past participle of control v. 3a occurs with a modifying adverb, in carefully controlled, properly controlled, etc., as a premodifier to conditions slightly earlier; see for example quot. 1885.
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society > authority > control > [adjective] > regulating > regulated
regulate1549
regulated1615
controlled1889
1885 Amer. Chem. Jrnl. Dec. 284 Under properly controlled conditions, titanium is completely precipitated and alumina held in solution when an alkaline orthophosphate, strongly acidified with formic acid, is added to the solution of salts of these elements.]
1889 1st Ann. Rep. Rhode Island State Agric. School 114 A horticultural laboratory with a green-house attached, where plants can be grown from the embryo to maturity under known and controlled conditions.
1894 Agric. Sci. 8 127 Comparing the process in samples, some sterilized and some not, under controlled conditions of temperature.
1925 Amer. Naturalist 59 281 A skilled rabbit breeder in Holland has actually made under controlled conditions a cross between a male hare and a female rabbit.
1965 W. C. Krumbein & F. A. Graybill Introd. Statist. Models Geol. ii. 14 Thus a straight rectangular flume permits experimental study of fluid flow and of transportation of sand and other sediments under controlled conditions.
2011 New Yorker 10 Jan. 7/2 Scientists who run clinical trials recognize the difference, using the terms ‘efficacy’, to describe a treatment effect in controlled conditions, and ‘effectiveness’, to describe an effect in a broader real-world population.
b. Of an experiment, test, study, etc.: carried out under conditions that preclude error or deception; spec. employing a control (control n. 5).
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1898 A. Hart Hypnotism, Mesmerism & New Witchcraft iii. 106 A patient in the wards, on whom I subsequently had the opportunity afforded to me of repeating a controlled experiment.
1920 29th Ann. Rep. State Coll. Washington Agric. Experiment Station 24 This controlled experiment showed that each squirrel in a wheat field costs the farmer from 35 to 50 pounds of wheat in reduced yield.
1938 Encycl. Brit. Bk. of Year 521/1 These controlled experiments [in fire-walking] suggested that ‘faith’ was the secret of immunity.
1962 Lancet 27 Jan. 201/1 A controlled symptom study of intravenous adrenaline in 12 schizophrenic and 12 healthy men.
1986 J. Kellerman Blood Test i. 7 The cautious ones, like you, who won't give an opinion unless it's backed up by a double-blind, controlled study.
2008 Nature 19 June 971/3 Some Chinese rain-makers have tried to conduct controlled seeding experiments to evaluate how effective the technique is.
c. Of an explosion, nuclear reaction, etc.: produced deliberately under conditions that are determined beforehand. Chiefly in controlled explosion.
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1940 F. G. Howard Runnin' Riot 20 A gun furnishes the vehicle for controlled explosion of a cartridge.
1941 ‘A. MacDonald’ in Astounding Sci.-Fiction May 59/2 We were searching, there in the laboratory in Maryland, for a way to use U235 in a controlled explosion.
1969 New Scientist 25 Sept. 640/1 The Tokamak machines..have formed the basis of the main Soviet research effort into achieving controlled nuclear fusion during the past few years.
1989 C. Sefton Beat of Drum (1992) vii. 52 The Army's controlled explosion had taken the window-frame out of the Neary's front.
1994 C. McWilliam Debatable Land (1995) ii. 44 On a door that must lead in to the back of the shop was the poster of a controlled nuclear explosion at Mururoa atoll.
2013 A. McKinty I hear Sirens in Street 237 The Army EOD unit still wasn't completely satisfied with the situation, so they carried out a further controlled explosion which destroyed the van.
3. British. Of a house or a tenant: subject to rent control. Cf. rent-controlled adj. at rent n.1 Compounds 2.
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society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > tenure of property > one who has tenure > [adjective] > befitting a tenant > type of tenant
kindly1507
rack-rented1605
controlled1923
1923 Times 2 Mar. 11/5 Will any houses be built..until the costs of building and the rents obtainable are brought into a proper economic relationship? Can it be supposed that..it will be possible in the absence of such conditions to decontrol all the controlled houses of a particular class on a particular date?
1930 Daily Express 8 Sept. 7/4 If it is a controlled house you are protected.
1967 Guardian 3 Jan. 4/6 She was a ‘controlled’ tenant.
2013 T. Moore Policing Notting Hill iv. 80 Rachman..would then ‘persuade’ the sitting controlled tenants to leave, install some cheap furniture in the place, and let it as furnished accommodation at a greatly inflated rate.
4. Originally U.S. Law. Of an addictive or behaviour-altering drug: restricted by law in respect of availability, possession, or use; esp. in controlled drug, controlled substance. Cf. schedule n. Additions.
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1929 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 20 Apr. (Suppl.) 106/1 Any substance containing any proportion of diacetylmorphine (heroin) should be included in the list of controlled drugs instead of those substances containing not less than one-tenth per cent.
1934 Amer. Jrnl. Internat. Law 28 481 The parties to the [1925 Narcotics] convention were required to regulate international trade and transit of the controlled substances by an elaborate system of export and import certificates.
1968 Washington Post 14 Nov. d23/4 A large amount of a ‘controlled-narcotic’ cough syrup has been stolen from the Washington Wholesale Drug Co.
1971 U.S. Statutes at Large 84 1260 Except when dispensed directly by a practitioner, other than a pharmacist, to an ultimate user, no controlled substance in schedule III or IV, which is a prescription drug..may be dispensed without a written or oral prescription.
1988 J. McInerney Story of my Life iii. 44 You've been out all night trashing yourself with alcohol and controlled substances.
2002 MX News 12 Apr. 9/1 The actress is to face charges of theft, burglary, vandalism and possession of oxycodone, a controlled drug.
5. Of a descent or landing made by an aircraft in adverse or emergency conditions: under the control of a pilot. Also of an aerial manoeuvre: directed by radio from the ground or from another aircraft (now rare).
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society > travel > air or space travel > regulation and control of flying > [adjective] > controlled (of aircraft movements)
controlled1943
1943 N.Y. Times 20 July 1 One of our bombers..began losing height rapidly... We saw the wheels go down at slow speed. It looked like a controlled landing in the sea but the ship [i.e. the plane] struggled on.
1956 W. A. Heflin U.S. Air Force Dict. 140/2 Controlled interception, an interception during which the friendly aircraft are directed from an air or surface station.
1957 B.B.C. Handbk. 86 A controlled descent through rain with the cloud base only a hundred feet above the runway.
1999 N.Y. Times 3 Nov. a22/2 The pilots appeared to be overly concerned that part of the airport's instrument landing system was not working... They failed to use a separate ‘step-down’ procedure of controlled descent that was required under those conditions.
2007 Glider Flying Handbk. (Fed. Aviation Admin.) viii. 14/2 It is better to make a controlled landing, even in less than ideal terrain, than it is to stall or spin.
Compounds
Special collocations.
controlled airspace n. Aeronautics airspace of defined dimensions within which air traffic control regulates the movement of aircraft.
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1955 Internat. Organization 9 545 [A recommendation] to prohibit all flights in controlled airspace between sunset and sunrise unless such flights were carried out under air traffic control from the ground.
1994 Aircraft Illustr. Apr. 50/1 Concern is expressed about the number of incidents in which aircraft operating in controlled airspace have exceeded the clearance limit allocated by Air Traffic Control.
2014 M. Garrett Encycl. Transportation III. 950 When traveling through controlled airspace, pilots..must..file a flight plan..which provides relevant information about the aircraft, planned route, and passengers.
controlled circulation n. originally U.S. a system of circulation in which a publication, now esp. a free magazine or newspaper, is sent to a limited, targeted audience such as members of a certain profession, buyers of a particular product, etc.; chiefly attributive, esp. in controlled circulation magazine.
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1917 N.Y. Times 10 July 9 (advt.) Controlled circulation. The American Magazine is sold..to the people who can use it best..by the men who can sell it best.
1949 Kiplinger's Personal Finance Mag. Sept. 30/1 The free-subscription journals are called ‘controlled-circulation’ publications. They compete with many ‘regular’ publications which are sold for subscription fees.
1985 L. Masterman Teaching Media App. A. 339 All circulation figures exclude freesheets and controlled circulation magazines.
2003 Electronics World Jan. 3/3 A glance at the recruitment ads in the ‘freebies’ (controlled circulation magazines) shows that most firms seek to obtain their experienced staff by recruiting from other firms.
controlled crying n. a technique for training young children to fall asleep on their own, in which the child is left to cry for gradually increasing periods of time before being comforted; cf. Ferber n.
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1988 Sun Herald (Sydney) 19 June 135/2 Dr Green advocates a program of controlled crying—teaching the child it will not get picked up every time it cries by allowing it to cry by itself over slightly increasing time periods before comforting it.
1993 Indiana (Pa.) Gaz. 22 Feb. 8/5 Ferber's solution is a regimen of controlled crying and intervention.
2010 T. Hall Save our Sleep Toddler iv. 86 One of the reasons I am against controlled crying is because I look at it from the child's perspective.
controlled environment n. an environment which is artificially regulated to ensure conditions such as temperature, air quality, etc., remain stable; the condition or state of such an environment.Cf. controlled atmosphere n.
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the world > life > biology > balance of nature > environment or habitat > [noun] > types of
supralittoral1839
refuge1889
refugium1902
home range1904
open vegetation1905
open community1909
controlled environment1914
palaeoenvironment1957
1914 Jrnl. Heredity 5 97/1 We know nothing about the appearance of its leaves, stem, or root; we know nothing of its physiological behavior under controlled environment.
1924 Science 1 Aug. 108/1 (title) An apparatus for the growth of plants in a controlled environment.
1958 Radiation Res. 9 359 Immediately after treatment the animals were caged in pairs... and kept in a controlled-environment animal room.
2009 D. O'Briain Tickling Eng. xv. 226 The Sun Centre has a monorail, a beach and a surfing pool, all in a controlled environment under a massive roof.
controlled psychic n. Bridge (now disused) a psychic bid conducted within a system pre-established by the pair of players in question.
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society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > bridge > [noun] > actions or tactics > call > bidding > bid > other types of bid
ask1872
overcall1890
rescue bid1912
game-goer1913
reverse bid1915
denial1916
rebid1916
overbid?1917
rescue?1917
under-call1923
jump1927
invitation1928
score-bid1928
approach1929
pre-empt1929
one-over-one1931
response1931
cue-bid1932
psychic1932
asking bid1936
reverse1936
shut-out1936
under-bid1945
controlled psychic1959
relay bid1959
raise1964
psych1965
multi1972
splinter bid1977
1959 T. Reese & A. Dormer Bridge Player's Dict. 40 A controlled psychic, as opposed to an ordinary psychic, is one made in accordance with a prearranged system.
1962 Listener 8 Nov. 786/1 The British pair in the open room were playing what are known as ‘controlled psychics’. That is to say, a player would sometimes open the bidding on very slight values without taking a great risk, for there would be a built-in mechanism to prevent the partnership going too high.
1983 N.Y. Times 13 Oct. c26/5 A quarter of a century ago, the controlled psychic made its appearance and had a brief vogue, mainly with New York experts. The idea was to open certain very weak hands, with 3-6 points, sometimes pinpointing a lead.
controlled rectifier n. a rectifier whose output voltage can be varied while the input remains unchanged.
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1930 Electronics May 87/1 There are a few fundamental circuits upon which most applications of thyratrons are based. We have already indicated the controlled rectifier.
1962 J. H. Simpson & R. S. Richards Physical Princ. Junction Transistors viii. 192 This device..resembles a grid-controlled gas-tube or ‘thyratron’. It is called a silicon ‘controlled-rectifier’.
2013 A. Ursúa et al. in L. M. Grandía et al. Renewable Hydrogen Technol. xiv. 339/1 Controlled rectifiers are based on thyristors. This allows them to generate a controlled dc output voltage.
controlled-release adj. involving or relating to a gradual or staged release; esp. (of a medicine or drug) designed to release an active component gradually following ingestion.
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1947 Rules & Instr. Governing Operation & Maintenance Air Brakes 43 D-24 brake valve in release position and selector cock on brake valve in ‘Controlled Release’ position thereby providing feed valve air pressure.
1962 Current Therapeutic Res. 4 (title) 378 Treatment of iron deficiency anemia in patients with iron intolerance: clinical evaluation of a controlled-release form of ferrous sulfate.
2008 Wall St. Jrnl. 17 Nov. b5/5 The drug, Embeda, is a controlled-release form of morphine designed to cut down on abuse.
controlled response n. Military response to an attack with military action which is deliberately kept within certain limits in order to avoid all-out nuclear war.
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1961 Abilene (Texas) Reporter 24 Mar. 7/1 The dispatch said the Joint Chiefs of Staff were given until April 17 ‘to prepare a doctrine which, if accepted, would permit controlled response and negotiating pauses in the event of a thermo-nuclear attack’.
1965 H. Kahn On Escalation viii. 163 The slower rate of escalation..that is likely to result from a successful controlled-response strategy.
1984 D. P. Lackey Moral Princ. & Nucl. Weapons 115 Flexible or Controlled Response became declared policy in 1962.
2004 N. Brown Global Instability & Strategic Crisis iv. xii. 210 Controlled response would run the risk of higher initial casualties.
controlled school n. British Education a school dependent on the financial support of the local education authority but founded by a voluntary organization (usually a church) which also exercises a management role.
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1943 Times 17 July 5/7 If they [sc. managers of voluntary schools] find themselves unable or unwilling to meet half the cost of the alterations and improvements needed..and of the continuing external repair of the fabric, all financial obligations will pass to the authority, as will also the power of appointing or dismissing teachers... Such schools will be termed ‘controlled schools’.
1944 Act 7 & 8 Geo. VI c. xxxi §15 The managers or governors of a controlled school shall not be responsible for any of the expenses of maintaining the school.
1987 Third Way Sept. 25/3 About 3000 Church of England schools,..mostly primary, are controlled schools.
1997 Daily Tel. 18 Mar. 6/6 I choose to send my child to a voluntary-aided rather than a controlled school.
2013 L. Vickers in M. Hunter-Henin Law, Relig. Freedoms & Educ. in Europe i. iv. 87 The English state system is made up of a range of different types of school such as foundation schools, academies, voluntary aided and controlled schools, with free schools now becoming part of the mix.
controlled vocabulary n. a vocabulary which is deliberately restricted in order to aid word recognition; spec. (a) Education a limited range of words used in teaching a person (now esp. a child) to read at a particular level, with new items gradually being introduced as reading skills advance; (b) (in information science) a prescribed set of terms which may be used in abstracting, indexing, etc., and which is recognized within that system as having a predetermined set of meanings.
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1922 Classical Weekly 13 Nov. 44/2 With controlled vocabulary and syntax, it is no impossible task to construct a ladder along which the student may proceed..to the more difficult [Latin] reading.
1936 Elem. School Jrnl. Sept. 71 Because of the controlled vocabulary the book is well adapted for use by fifth-grade children.
1965 Science 7 May 767/3 Specialists in medical subject headings are responsible for formulating the controlled vocabulary basic to consistent, efficient, and accurate analysis, indexing, and searching of biomedical literature.
1987 J. Saltman Mod. Canad. Children's Bks. 39 Compared to the rich..language of the traditional picture-book..the beginning-reader books must cope with the severe restrictions of short, simple sentences and a basic, controlled vocabulary.
2008 Nature 4 Sept. 47/3 Extracting, tagging with controlled vocabularies, and representing data from the literature, are some of the most important and time-consuming tasks in biocuration.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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adj.1581