procliticn.adj.

Brit.

/prə(ʊ)ˈklɪtɪk/, U.S.

/proʊˈklɪdɪk/

Forms: 1800s proclytic, 1800s– proclitic.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin procliticus.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin procliticus ( J. G. J. Hermann De emendanda ratione Graecae grammaticae (1801) 96) < pro- pro- prefix² + -cliticus (in encliticus enclitic adj.). Compare ancient Greek προκλίνειν to lean forward. Compare also French proclitique (1812 as adjective, 1819 as noun).

Grammar.

A. n.

In Greek: a (typically monosyllabic) word so unemphatic as to be pronounced as part of the following word and having no accent of its own. In extended use: such a word in any language, which in pronunciation is attached to the following stressed word.The proclitics in Greek are certain forms of the article, i.e. ὁ, ἡ, οἱ, αἱ; and certain adverbs, prepositions, and conjunctions, i.e. ἐκ, ἐν, εἰς, εἰ, οὐ (οὐκ), ὡς.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > intonation, pitch, or stress > [noun] > accent > stress accent > stressed or unstressed word or syllable > clitic > proclitic

proclitic1805

1805 R. Valpy Elem. Greek Gram. 158 Ten words are without accents, called Atonics. [Note] These may be called Proclitics, as they incline the Accent forward on the following word.

1831 tr. K. W. Goettling Elem. Greek Accentuation §46. 99 There are in Greek..words so unimportant of themselves that they have no accent of their own, but are associated by the speaker with the really accented word to which they belong... Those which stand before..the word that they refer to..are called proclitics.

1856 Jrnl. Amer. Oriental Soc. 5 213 Other languages, to be sure, as for instance the Greek, have their classes of properly accentless words, which attach themselves more or less closely, as proclitics or enclitics, to some other more prominent word in the sentence.

1893 Classical Rev. Mar. 135/2 Why? ∵ the preposition is a proclitic... Hence he finds himself compelled to say that mŏdo ĕ Dāuo is equivalent to a single word like rĕcŭbare.

1963 M. W. Bloomfield & L. Newmark Ling. Introd. Hist. Eng. iv. 147 The is a proclitic in NE..and one, as in a bad one or the green one, is a postclitic.

1989 Trans. Philol. Soc. 87 71 Van Brock (1978) argues that IE ^*o gave AB ä, rather than the expected Aa, Be, in proclitics and enclitics.

B. adj.

Designating such a word. Also applied to an accent.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > intonation, pitch, or stress > [adjective] > accent > stressed > clitic > proclitic

proclitic1827

1827 tr. V. C. F. Rost Greek Gram. i. i. 49 They [sc.forms of the article, prepositions, conjunctions, and the negative] are called ἄτονα (toneless) or πϱοκλιτικά (proclitic).

1831 tr. K. W. Goettling Elem. Greek Accentuation §46. 99 They [sc. proclitics and enclitics] differ from each other merely by position; for e.g. τοι belongs to both in τοιγάϱτοι, the first τοι being proclitic, the second enclitic.

1846 T. H. Key Lat. Gram. p. ix The term proclitic is adopted from Hermann's treatise: ‘De emendanda ratione Graecae Grammaticae’.

1855 Jrnl. Amer. Oriental Soc. 5 203 It appears that the proclitic accent..is a comparatively late afterthought.

1878 G. Conway Treat. Versification 44 Some insignificant proclytic particle, like ‘to’, ‘for,’ ‘of’, ‘the’, ‘and’, which under no circumstance whatever can bear accent.

1973 A. H. Sommerstein Sound Pattern Anc. Greek ii. 11 Prepositions, being proclitic, are separated from the following word by a single # boundary.

1991 Lit. & Ling. Computing 6 30/1 By agglutinated pronouns, I mean the phonosyntactic combinations of atonic forms, proclitic or enclitic, with a verb form.

Derivatives

proˈclitically adv.

ΚΠ

1874 C. J. Grece tr. E. A. F. Maetzner Eng. Gram. i. §1. 76 Many monosyllables (as the article, pronoun, preposition and auxiliary word) may attach themselves proclitically to the accent of the following word, or enclitically to that of the previous word.

1902 in N.E.D. at One (in etymology) From the early an, a, pronounced proclitically without stress, arose the ‘indefinite article’ an, a, q.v.

1992 Bull. School Oriental & Afr. Stud. 55 216 The elementary knowledge that the preposition b- is used proclitically with the following word may be expected of any user of a Semitic dictionary.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	proclitic
释义	procliticn.adj. Brit. /prə(ʊ)ˈklɪtɪk/, U.S. /proʊˈklɪdɪk/ Forms: 1800s proclytic, 1800s– proclitic. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin procliticus. Etymology: < post-classical Latin procliticus ( J. G. J. Hermann De emendanda ratione Graecae grammaticae (1801) 96) < pro- pro- prefix² + -cliticus (in encliticus enclitic adj.). Compare ancient Greek προκλίνειν to lean forward. Compare also French proclitique (1812 as adjective, 1819 as noun). Grammar. A. n. In Greek: a (typically monosyllabic) word so unemphatic as to be pronounced as part of the following word and having no accent of its own. In extended use: such a word in any language, which in pronunciation is attached to the following stressed word.The proclitics in Greek are certain forms of the article, i.e. ὁ, ἡ, οἱ, αἱ; and certain adverbs, prepositions, and conjunctions, i.e. ἐκ, ἐν, εἰς, εἰ, οὐ (οὐκ), ὡς. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > intonation, pitch, or stress > [noun] > accent > stress accent > stressed or unstressed word or syllable > clitic > proclitic proclitic1805 1805 R. Valpy Elem. Greek Gram. 158 Ten words are without accents, called Atonics. [Note] These may be called Proclitics, as they incline the Accent forward on the following word. 1831 tr. K. W. Goettling Elem. Greek Accentuation §46. 99 There are in Greek..words so unimportant of themselves that they have no accent of their own, but are associated by the speaker with the really accented word to which they belong... Those which stand before..the word that they refer to..are called proclitics. 1856 Jrnl. Amer. Oriental Soc. 5 213 Other languages, to be sure, as for instance the Greek, have their classes of properly accentless words, which attach themselves more or less closely, as proclitics or enclitics, to some other more prominent word in the sentence. 1893 Classical Rev. Mar. 135/2 Why? ∵ the preposition is a proclitic... Hence he finds himself compelled to say that mŏdo ĕ Dāuo is equivalent to a single word like rĕcŭbare. 1963 M. W. Bloomfield & L. Newmark Ling. Introd. Hist. Eng. iv. 147 The is a proclitic in NE..and one, as in a bad one or the green one, is a postclitic. 1989 Trans. Philol. Soc. 87 71 Van Brock (1978) argues that IE ^o gave AB ä, rather than the expected Aa, Be, in proclitics and enclitics. B. adj. Designating such a word. Also applied to an accent. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > intonation, pitch, or stress > [adjective] > accent > stressed > clitic > proclitic proclitic1827 1827 tr. V. C. F. Rost Greek Gram.* i. i. 49 They [sc.forms of the article, prepositions, conjunctions, and the negative] are called ἄτονα (toneless) or πϱοκλιτικά (proclitic). 1831 tr. K. W. Goettling Elem. Greek Accentuation §46. 99 They [sc. proclitics and enclitics] differ from each other merely by position; for e.g. τοι belongs to both in τοιγάϱτοι, the first τοι being proclitic, the second enclitic. 1846 T. H. Key Lat. Gram. p. ix The term proclitic is adopted from Hermann's treatise: ‘De emendanda ratione Graecae Grammaticae’. 1855 Jrnl. Amer. Oriental Soc. 5 203 It appears that the proclitic accent..is a comparatively late afterthought. 1878 G. Conway Treat. Versification 44 Some insignificant proclytic particle, like ‘to’, ‘for,’ ‘of’, ‘the’, ‘and’, which under no circumstance whatever can bear accent. 1973 A. H. Sommerstein Sound Pattern Anc. Greek ii. 11 Prepositions, being proclitic, are separated from the following word by a single # boundary. 1991 Lit. & Ling. Computing 6 30/1 By agglutinated pronouns, I mean the phonosyntactic combinations of atonic forms, proclitic or enclitic, with a verb form. Derivatives proˈclitically adv. ΚΠ 1874 C. J. Grece tr. E. A. F. Maetzner Eng. Gram. i. §1. 76 Many monosyllables (as the article, pronoun, preposition and auxiliary word) may attach themselves proclitically to the accent of the following word, or enclitically to that of the previous word. 1902 in N.E.D. at One (in etymology) From the early an, a, pronounced proclitically without stress, arose the ‘indefinite article’ an, a, q.v. 1992 Bull. School Oriental & Afr. Stud. 55 216 The elementary knowledge that the preposition b- is used proclitically with the following word may be expected of any user of a Semitic dictionary. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1805
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