conservatorn.

Brit.

/kənˈsəːvətə/,

/ˈkɒnsəveɪtə/, U.S.

/kənˈsərvədər/

Forms: late Middle English conservitor, late Middle English–1500s conseruatoure, late Middle English–1600s conseruatour, late Middle English–1600s conservatour, late Middle English– conservator, 1500s–1600s conseruator; Scottish pre-1700 conseruator, pre-1700 conseruatore, pre-1700 conseruatour, pre-1700 conseruitour, pre-1700 conservatour, pre-1700 conservitor, pre-1700 conservitour, pre-1700 1700s– conservator.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French conservateur; Latin cōnservātor.

Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman conservator, conservatour, Anglo-Norman and Middle French conservateur (French conservateur ) officer appointed to preserve or maintain something (a1283 in legal use in Old French), guardian, keeper (14th cent. or earlier in Anglo-Norman), constable, warden (c1327 or earlier in Anglo-Norman), custodian (a1390 or earlier), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin cōnservātor person who preserves, saviour, in post-classical Latin also in the titles of various officials (frequently from 13th cent. in British sources) < cōnservāt- , past participial stem of cōnservāre conserve v. + -or -or suffix. Compare Old Occitan conservador (1261), Spanish conservador (1492), Portuguese conservador (1422), Italian conservatore (a1348).With conservator of the Council (see quot. 1889 at sense 1) compare post-classical Latin conservator consilii bishop with power to enforce decrees of Synod (from 13th cent. in Scottish sources). With sense 2a compare Anglo-Norman conservators de cest estatut , plural (late 14th cent. or earlier), literally ‘maintainers of this statute’, with reference to the royal statutes of a1390 and a1394 dealing with the preservation of salmon, etc. in rivers; the (later) Latin title of the latter Act is De Conservatoribus Aquæ Thamisiæ. With conservator of the peace at sense 2c compare post-classical Latin custodes pacis , plural (frequently from 13th cent. in British sources). In sense Conservator of (the) Truce at sense 2d after post-classical Latin conservatores treugarum, plural (1394 in a British source), and Anglo-Norman conservatours des trieues, plural (14th cent. or earlier), conservatour des trieues et saufconduitz (1414 or earlier). In form conservitor perhaps influenced by servitor n. In some 18th and 19th cent. sources (see e.g. Johnson 1755, Sheridan 1780, Smart 1849) the word is recorded with stress on the third syllable. From 1947 onwards editions of D. Jones Eng. Pronouncing Dict. distinguish between use of the word in the sense ‘official guardian’ (compare branch I.) with stress on the second syllable and use in the sense ‘preserver’ (compare branch II.) with stress on the first syllable.

I. An official custodian.

1. An officer appointed to conserve or manage something; a keeper, administrator, trustee of some organization, interest, right, or resource; a member of a conservancy. Frequently in official or descriptive titles (sometimes with capital initials).In earliest use: a secular or ecclesiastical official appointed to protect the legal interests and rights of a particular organization or group (cf. sense 2b).

ΚΠ

a1402 J. Trevisa tr. R. Fitzralph Defensio Curatorum (Harl.) (1925) 55 (MED) Curatours haueþ damage of mysuse of anoþer priuylege þat freres haueþ, for freres haueþ twey conseruatours.

1425 Ordinances Whittington's Alms-house (modernized text) in J. Entick New Hist. London (1766) IV. 354 (MED) The keepers of the commonalty of the craft of mercers to be called conservators of the..house.

1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance xix. f. 34^v He ordayned..according to the counsel of Plato, certayne persons, whyche were named Conseruatours of the weale publyke.

?1566–7 G. Buchanan Opinion Reformation Univ. St. Andros in Vernacular Writings (1892) 15 The conservatour or hys deput being present.

a1626 F. Bacon New Atlantis (1650) 3 He was warned by the Conservatour of Health, of the City, that he should keepe a distance.

1691 T. Hale Acct. New Inventions 92 Not by the arbitrage of private Patentees..but by the Public Conservators.

1757 T. Smollett Compl. Hist. Eng. I. 497 They..proposed that four noblemen of the king's council should be appointed conservators of the liberty of the kingdom, with power to inspect the treasury.

1766 Obstructions in Thames 22 Aug. in B. Franklin Papers (1969) XIII. 383 I then thought it my Duty to wait upon..the City Conservators, to know why I was not properly landed.

1866 Lloyd's Weekly Newspaper 1 July Through the energetic action of the conservators..in the different counties, the proprietors..have been induced to adopt means by which the refuse will be utilized.

1889 W. Lockhart Church Scotl. in 13th Cent. 118 He was known in the assembly..as Conservator of the Council.

1969 Times 4 June 11 The conservators of the downs may consider they have a duty to enforce their by-laws, but the crowds are in a holiday mood [at Epsom].

2001 Daily News (New Plymouth, N.Z.) (Nexis) 18 June 2 [He] has had a number of roles, including senior water conservator and acting planning manager with the commission.

2. In specific offices and roles.

a. A person in charge of a river and its embankments, having jurisdiction over all navigation, structures, fisheries, etc., on or along it; (also in singular or plural) a commission of such people. Chiefly as conservator of a (also the) river. Cf. conservancy n. 2b.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > holder of office > public officials > [noun] > with responsibility for rivers

conservator1489

walker1613

1489–90 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VII (Electronic ed.) Parl. Jan. 1489 §44. m. 14 The maire of your citie of London..is conservatour havyng the conservacie of the watir and ryver of Thamys.

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. clxxii^v Y^e Mayre and his bretherne the Aldermen as conseruatours of that ryuer..opteyned Commyssion to pull vp all the werys that stode atwene London and .vii. myles beyone Kyngston.

1596 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent (rev. ed.) 260 Conseruatour of the Thamyse.

1657 J. Howell Londinopolis 18 There be many things that concern the incumbency of the Conservator of so noble a River.

1697 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) IV. 241 A long tryall between the town of Newcastle (as conservators of the river Tyne) and the dean and chapter of Durrham.

1710 London Gaz. No. 4714/4 The Conservators of the River Tone.

1852 Humber Conservancy Act 2028 It shall be lawful for the Lords of the Admiralty to appoint a Conservator.

1881 Times 7 Apr. 9/5 How far the duties of the Conservators are to extend beyond providing the mere mechanical precautions against floods.

1902 Davenport (Iowa) Daily Republican 1 Aug. 7/1 Mr. David E. Hume, late conservator of the river Humber.

1928 Britain's Industr. Future (Liberal Industr. Inq.) ii. vi. 78 The Board itself consists of sixty-six individuals appointed by..various other municipal councils..together with the Conservators of the River Thames.

1995 Capital (Annapolis, Maryland) 20 Sept. a1 The president and several members of the Severn River Association—the county's largest civic organization and a conservator of the river.

b. Scottish. An officer appointed to protect the rights and settle the disputes of Scottish merchants in foreign ports or places of trade; a consul. Sometimes as Conservator of the Staple; also Lord Conservatour. Also: an officer similarly charged with the protection of English merchants in foreign countries in the 17th cent. (cf. sense 2d). Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > trader > merchant > [noun] > resident abroad > specific representing merchant rights

conservator1503

1503 Sc. Acts Jas. IV (1597) §81 That the Conseruatour of this Realme haue jurisdiction to do justice..betuix merchand and merchande in thay partes beȝond sea.

1565 Reg. Privy Council Scotl. I. 332 Nane of thame sall brek bouk,..quhill the tyme that thair gudis be housit, and the schip lost, and avysit with the conservatour how the marcat is.

1638 R. Baillie Lett. & Jrnls. (1841) I. 71 Your Conservatour has written to the King, that some munition is coming to us from Campheir.

1694 E. Phillips tr. J. Milton Lett. of State 316 Being a stranger..he..demanded the judgment of the Conservator, appointed to determine the Causes of the English; but was sent back to the Cognizance of that Court, from which he had appeal'd.

1761 Brit. Mag. 2 672 Charles Stewart, Esq; lord conservator of the Scotch privileges at Campvere.

1776 D. Hume Let. 27 June (1932) II. 328 Mr John Hume..alias the late Lord Conservator..had calculated Matters so as to arrive infallibly..in St David's Street on Wednesday Evening.

1845 Gentleman's Mag. Oct. 438/2 At Rotterdam, aged 72, Sir Alexander Ferrier, K. H. Lord Conservator of Scottish Privileges, late her Majesty's Consul for South Holland and Zeeland.

1981 J. Wormald Court, Kirk, & Community (1991) iv. 57 The Scots merchant Andrew Halyburton, conservator of the staple at Middelburg, may have come from the Edinburgh family of Benings.

c. Any of various officials appointed to keep the peace in a region or community. Chiefly as conservator of the peace.In early use applied in a general sense to the monarch or some high official, as Lord Chancellor, Lord Treasurer, Lord High Constable, etc., and in a specific sense to the Wardens of the Peace appointed in 1327 (the precursors of the later Justices of the Peace: cf. Justice of the Peace n.; also Warden of the Peace at warden n.¹ 2c, Guardian of the Peace at guardian n. 1b). More recently applied to any local official charged with maintaining the law, as a sheriff, police officer, judge, etc. (now chiefly U.S.).

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > [noun] > Justice of the peace or district magistrate

Justice of the Peace1423

justice1509

conservator of the peacea1513

Warden of the Peace1543

Guardian of the Peace1581

mittimus1630

magistrate1727

J.P.1732

beak1799

county commissioner1809

bubble and squeak1935

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > [noun] > protector or defender > protector of public safety

conservator of the peacea1513

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. cxxiii A mercyfull kynge of peas conseruatour The thirde Edwarde.

1581 W. Lambarde Eirenarcha i. iii. 12 Wardeins, or Conseruators of the Peace.

a1625 H. Finch Law (1636) 336 The conseruator of peace..is called..In a Tything, a petie Constable, Borsholder, Headborough, Thirdborough, Boroughhead, Tything-man, or Chiefe pledge.

1629 Vse of Law 13 in J. Doddridge Lawyers Light At this day, Conseruators of the Peace are out of vse; And in lieu of them, there are ordained Justices of Peace.

a1716 O. Blackall Wks. (1723) I. xxxvi. 364 Magistrates in their publick and politick Capacity..by the Ordinance of God, Conservators of the publice Peace.

1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. ix. 350 The king's majesty is..the principal conservator of the peace within all his dominions;..hence it is usually called the king's peace.

1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering I. vii. 107 Since our friend's advancement to be a conservator of the peace, he had caused the gate..to be newly hung and handsomely painted.

1848 J. J. S. Wharton Law Lexicon (at cited word) The coroner is also a conservator of the peace within his own county, as is also the sheriff; so are the constables, tything-men, and the like.

1863 H. Cox Inst. Eng. Govt. iii. ii. 592 The sovereign is..the principal conservator of the peace of the kingdom.

1906 J. A. Fairlie Local Govt. ii. vi. 109 As conservator of the peace in his county, the sheriff is the representative of the sovereign power of the state.

1978 Washington Post (Nexis) 13 Feb. c1 Because taxicab and bus drivers..are considered ‘conservators of the peace’, along with judges, they are permitted to carry concealed weapons.

1997 Oxf. Compan. Brit. Hist. at Quarter sessions The office of justice of the peace can be traced back to the ‘keepers of the peace’ in 1195 and ‘conservators of the peace’ during the reigns of Henry III and Edward I.

†d. Conservator of (the) Truce (also Conservator of Truce and Safe Conducts): an officer appointed to ensure the king's truces and safe conducts for foreign merchants and others were observed on the high seas and in English ports. Cf. sense 2b. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > holder of office > [noun] > specific designation of official

Conservator of Truce1641

special1822

1641 Rastell's Termes de la Ley (new ed.) f. 76 Conservator of the Truce.

1651 N. Bacon Contin. Hist. Disc. Govt. xxii. 180 The Statute..concerning Free Trade, which had been prejudiced by the rigour of the Conservators of the Truce.

1701 W. Kennett Cowell's Interpreter (new ed.) at cited word Conservator of Truce and Safe Conducts... Was an Officer appointed at every part of the Sea... His Charge was to enquire of all Offences done against the King's Truce and Safe Conducts, upon the main Sea, out of the Liberties of the Cinque Ports.

1847 N. H. Nicolas Hist. Royal Navy 405 It was therefore enacted, that..a conservator of the truce should be appointed in each port to inquire into those offences, and to punish the parties.

e. An official in charge of timber resources or the care of a forest or forests; esp. a senior administrator of a forestry department or region.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > forestry or arboriculture > [noun] > forester > officer in charge of forest

woodwardc1050

forester1297

ranger1327

walker1482

keeper1488

wood-master15..

grazierc1503

wood-reeve1579

woodman1594

Warden of the Forest1598

rider1647

conservator1733

woodwarden1748

wood-forester1865

1733 W. Ellis Chiltern & Vale Farming vi. 64 The most noble Duke of Bridgwater..is certainly one of the greatest Conservators of Wood in this Kingdom.

1760 Remarks Royal Navy 34 The [forests]..should be surveyed..by the several Verdurers of the Forest, and Conservator of the Woods.

1812 W. B. Daniel Rural Sports I. 305 The [Dean] Forest..Government [is] vested in a Lord Warden..; four Verderers..; a Conservator; seven Woodwards; a chief Forester in Fee and Bow Bearer; [etc.].

1856 J. Crawfurd Descriptive Dict. Indian Islands 194 The author..might have reflected that a conservator of forests was a needless office in countries covered with forest, and in which the great object is to get rid of it.

1902 Settler's Handbk. N.Z. 115 In 1876 a Forest Department was created... under a Chief Conservator of Forests.

1973 Times 16 Aug. 10 (advt.) Conservator of the Lower Swansea Valley. The vacancy is suitable for a recent graduate in Forestry or Botany.

2006 Statesman (India) (Nexis) 19 Sept. The ping pong being played out between the state's forest officials and the conservator of the Corbett Tiger Reserve.

f. The custodian or keeper of a public building or institution; (now esp.) the curator of a museum or gallery.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > [noun] > one who looks after > guardian or custodian > custodian of building > of a museum or library

curator1660

conservator1757

curatory1856

1757 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. II. 238 Under the Corps de Logis is the capital prison. In the Conservator's apartments [Ger. in demjenigen Pallaste der Conservatorum]..are two celebrated statues.

1835 W. Kirby On Power of God in Creation of Animals I. Introd. 104 The conservator and assistant-conservator of the museum.

1847 Let. in Pilgr. Land of Fathers (1850) I. xii. 114 I succeeded..in getting a strong note of recommendation from Mr. Turnbull, the British Consul, to the conservator of the museum.

1922 Hereditas 3 345 I take the opportunity of thanking Mr. Otto R. Holmberg, Conservator of the Botanical Museum of Lund, for the coining of this term.

1981 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 1 Nov. xi. 11 [His] wife, Jean, was formerly conservator of the Museum of Primitive Art, a Rockefeller-supported institution.

2007 Frederick (Maryland) News-Post 6 Feb. (Business section) 10 Richard Kornemann is an artist who is the owner and conservator of the Museum Shop at 20 N. Market St.

g. U.S. Law. A court-appointed guardian or custodian.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > [noun] > one who looks after > guardian of minor or incapable person

wardenc1290

tutora1387

curate1463

curator1471

guardiana1535

guardianer1595

pro-tutor1664

legal guardian1720

guardy1833

conservator1853

caregiver1966

primary caregiver1972

1853 N.Y. Herald 16 Feb. 6/1 Mr. Goodrich then read the commission of lunacy, by which Devotion C. Eddy was appointed conservator of the estate of Ira B. Eddy.

1916 University Pennsylvania Law Rev. 16 116 A was appointed conservator of B and kept him out of his, B's estate.

1981 Wall St. Jrnl. 26 Feb. 1/5 Canceled checks are often needed as proof of payment: in addition to many taxpayers, he cites children's conservators, who must demonstrate payments to a court.

2003 L. B. Goodheart Mad Yankees v. 127 A court appointed conservator sold his personal estate, which financed more than a year's stay at the retreat.

h. A person employed in the conservation of artefacts or sites of archaeological, historical, or cultural significance. Cf. conservation n. 1f.

ΚΠ

1959 Chicago Sunday Tribune 20 Dec. vii. 4/4 Inherent vice and carelessness are destroying irreplaceable art treasures, charge..a team of married art conservators.

1981 Antiquaries Jrnl. 61 i. 116 The conservator requested that the whole monument should be supported in scaffolding until such time as work could commence.

2002 Photogrammetric Rec. 17 441 Digital elevation models..are becoming invaluable to the conservator as a record of a monument or site prior to some form of intervention or historical analysis.

II. gen.

a. Something that conserves; a preserving medium, force, device, or agent. Now rare.In quot. 1612 (in plural): †glasses for preserving the sight (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > preservation from injury or destruction > [noun] > preservation from decay, loss, or destruction > one who or that which preserves from decay, etc. > that which preserves from decay, loss, etc.

conservea1393

conservativea1398

preservative?a1439

conservator?1440

preservationc1475

preserve1554

conservatory1563

conservice1607

conservatorship1645

preservatory1654

balsam1658

amber1785

embalmer1838

tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) ii. l. 143 (MED) Of cold & moyst conseruatour flynt stoon is.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 8779 Oþer maters..Conseruatours by craft, þat cointly were made.

1612 P. Lowe Disc. Whole Art Chyrurgerie (ed. 2) v. xx. 172 He must..use conseruatours of greene glasse.

1657 Sir T. Browne Nature's Cabinet Unlock'd v. 110 The place is the conservator of all things;..as the nature of Plants is various, so they have need of divers places to preserve life.

1733 W. Stukeley Let. to Hans Sloan 10 Action..breaks in pieces the blood, scours all the glands,..and next to food, is the conservator of the animal life.

1854 Excelsior Jan. 30 Nor is our climate a good conservator of such antiquities as wattled huts and wicker coracles.

1954 Househ. Guide & Almanac (News of World) 144/2 The frozen-food conservator or cabinet which..stores food which has previously been quick-frozen.

1990 Toronto Star (Nexis) 18 Feb. b6 He made dozens of stabs at perpetual motion before deciding on the flywheel design... It was patented in March as an ‘energy conservator’.

b. A person (or thing personified) who protects or preserves someone or something; a preserver, conserver, guardian.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > [noun] > one who looks after > guardian or custodian

herd971

wardena1290

keepera1300

yemerc1330

looker1340

tutor1377

actorc1384

conservator1447

custosc1450

guardian1477

custodier?c1500

custode1543

guardant1592

custodian1602

supervisor1691

vigilant1822

conserverc1443

conservator1660

1447 O. Bokenham Lives of Saints (Arun.) (1938) l. 9094 (MED) Þe conseruatoure And þe keper of my virgynyte, Cryst Ihesu.

1660 J. Harding tr. B. Valentine Triumphant Chariot Antimony 93 Let us ascribe most humble thanks to the creator and conservator of all things.

1678 R. Allestree Lively Oracles v. §32. 162 The Christian Church..is the guardian and conservator of holy Writ.

1713 W. Derham Physico-theol. iv. xvi. 259 The infinite Conservator of the World.

1774 J. Bryant New Syst. (new ed.) I. 446 The real conservators of the wealth were the priests.

1859 J. G. Holland Gold Foil ix. 108 Connubial love, as a conservator of the youthful feeling of the soul.

1871 R. Browning Prince Hohenstiel-Schwangau 22 A conservator, call me, if you please, Not a creator nor destroyer: one Who keeps the world safe.

1889 Harper's Mag. July 176/2 He was a wise and judicious Governor, a careful conservator of all the best interests of the State.

1948 Amer. Anthropologist 50 211 He remained the conservator and protector of life in all its forms.

1993 N.Y. Times Mag. 5 Dec. 72/3 Gottlieb refused to make more substantial changes, saying he was by nature a ‘conservator’, not a ‘revolutionary’.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	conservator
释义	conservatorn. Brit. /kənˈsəːvətə/, /ˈkɒnsəveɪtə/, U.S. /kənˈsərvədər/ Forms: late Middle English conservitor, late Middle English–1500s conseruatoure, late Middle English–1600s conseruatour, late Middle English–1600s conservatour, late Middle English– conservator, 1500s–1600s conseruator; Scottish pre-1700 conseruator, pre-1700 conseruatore, pre-1700 conseruatour, pre-1700 conseruitour, pre-1700 conservatour, pre-1700 conservitor, pre-1700 conservitour, pre-1700 1700s– conservator. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French conservateur; Latin cōnservātor. Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman conservator, conservatour, Anglo-Norman and Middle French conservateur (French conservateur ) officer appointed to preserve or maintain something (a1283 in legal use in Old French), guardian, keeper (14th cent. or earlier in Anglo-Norman), constable, warden (c1327 or earlier in Anglo-Norman), custodian (a1390 or earlier), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin cōnservātor person who preserves, saviour, in post-classical Latin also in the titles of various officials (frequently from 13th cent. in British sources) < cōnservāt- , past participial stem of cōnservāre conserve v. + -or -or suffix. Compare Old Occitan conservador (1261), Spanish conservador (1492), Portuguese conservador (1422), Italian conservatore (a1348).With conservator of the Council (see quot. 1889 at sense 1) compare post-classical Latin conservator consilii bishop with power to enforce decrees of Synod (from 13th cent. in Scottish sources). With sense 2a compare Anglo-Norman conservators de cest estatut , plural (late 14th cent. or earlier), literally ‘maintainers of this statute’, with reference to the royal statutes of a1390 and a1394 dealing with the preservation of salmon, etc. in rivers; the (later) Latin title of the latter Act is De Conservatoribus Aquæ Thamisiæ. With conservator of the peace at sense 2c compare post-classical Latin custodes pacis , plural (frequently from 13th cent. in British sources). In sense Conservator of (the) Truce at sense 2d after post-classical Latin conservatores treugarum, plural (1394 in a British source), and Anglo-Norman conservatours des trieues, plural (14th cent. or earlier), conservatour des trieues et saufconduitz (1414 or earlier). In form conservitor perhaps influenced by servitor n. In some 18th and 19th cent. sources (see e.g. Johnson 1755, Sheridan 1780, Smart 1849) the word is recorded with stress on the third syllable. From 1947 onwards editions of D. Jones Eng. Pronouncing Dict. distinguish between use of the word in the sense ‘official guardian’ (compare branch I.) with stress on the second syllable and use in the sense ‘preserver’ (compare branch II.) with stress on the first syllable. I. An official custodian. 1. An officer appointed to conserve or manage something; a keeper, administrator, trustee of some organization, interest, right, or resource; a member of a conservancy. Frequently in official or descriptive titles (sometimes with capital initials).In earliest use: a secular or ecclesiastical official appointed to protect the legal interests and rights of a particular organization or group (cf. sense 2b). ΚΠ a1402 J. Trevisa tr. R. Fitzralph Defensio Curatorum (Harl.) (1925) 55 (MED) Curatours haueþ damage of mysuse of anoþer priuylege þat freres haueþ, for freres haueþ twey conseruatours. 1425 Ordinances Whittington's Alms-house (modernized text) in J. Entick New Hist. London (1766) IV. 354 (MED) The keepers of the commonalty of the craft of mercers to be called conservators of the..house. 1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance xix. f. 34^v He ordayned..according to the counsel of Plato, certayne persons, whyche were named Conseruatours of the weale publyke. ?1566–7 G. Buchanan Opinion Reformation Univ. St. Andros in Vernacular Writings (1892) 15 The conservatour or hys deput being present. a1626 F. Bacon New Atlantis (1650) 3 He was warned by the Conservatour of Health, of the City, that he should keepe a distance. 1691 T. Hale Acct. New Inventions 92 Not by the arbitrage of private Patentees..but by the Public Conservators. 1757 T. Smollett Compl. Hist. Eng. I. 497 They..proposed that four noblemen of the king's council should be appointed conservators of the liberty of the kingdom, with power to inspect the treasury. 1766 Obstructions in Thames 22 Aug. in B. Franklin Papers (1969) XIII. 383 I then thought it my Duty to wait upon..the City Conservators, to know why I was not properly landed. 1866 Lloyd's Weekly Newspaper 1 July Through the energetic action of the conservators..in the different counties, the proprietors..have been induced to adopt means by which the refuse will be utilized. 1889 W. Lockhart Church Scotl. in 13th Cent. 118 He was known in the assembly..as Conservator of the Council. 1969 Times 4 June 11 The conservators of the downs may consider they have a duty to enforce their by-laws, but the crowds are in a holiday mood [at Epsom]. 2001 Daily News (New Plymouth, N.Z.) (Nexis) 18 June 2 [He] has had a number of roles, including senior water conservator and acting planning manager with the commission. 2. In specific offices and roles. a. A person in charge of a river and its embankments, having jurisdiction over all navigation, structures, fisheries, etc., on or along it; (also in singular or plural) a commission of such people. Chiefly as conservator of a (also the) river. Cf. conservancy n. 2b. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > holder of office > public officials > [noun] > with responsibility for rivers conservator1489 walker1613 1489–90 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VII (Electronic ed.) Parl. Jan. 1489 §44. m. 14 The maire of your citie of London..is conservatour havyng the conservacie of the watir and ryver of Thamys. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. clxxii^v Y^e Mayre and his bretherne the Aldermen as conseruatours of that ryuer..opteyned Commyssion to pull vp all the werys that stode atwene London and .vii. myles beyone Kyngston. 1596 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent (rev. ed.) 260 Conseruatour of the Thamyse. 1657 J. Howell Londinopolis 18 There be many things that concern the incumbency of the Conservator of so noble a River. 1697 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) IV. 241 A long tryall between the town of Newcastle (as conservators of the river Tyne) and the dean and chapter of Durrham. 1710 London Gaz. No. 4714/4 The Conservators of the River Tone. 1852 Humber Conservancy Act 2028 It shall be lawful for the Lords of the Admiralty to appoint a Conservator. 1881 Times 7 Apr. 9/5 How far the duties of the Conservators are to extend beyond providing the mere mechanical precautions against floods. 1902 Davenport (Iowa) Daily Republican 1 Aug. 7/1 Mr. David E. Hume, late conservator of the river Humber. 1928 Britain's Industr. Future (Liberal Industr. Inq.) ii. vi. 78 The Board itself consists of sixty-six individuals appointed by..various other municipal councils..together with the Conservators of the River Thames. 1995 Capital (Annapolis, Maryland) 20 Sept. a1 The president and several members of the Severn River Association—the county's largest civic organization and a conservator of the river. b. Scottish. An officer appointed to protect the rights and settle the disputes of Scottish merchants in foreign ports or places of trade; a consul. Sometimes as Conservator of the Staple; also Lord Conservatour. Also: an officer similarly charged with the protection of English merchants in foreign countries in the 17th cent. (cf. sense 2d). Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > trader > merchant > [noun] > resident abroad > specific representing merchant rights conservator1503 1503 Sc. Acts Jas. IV (1597) §81 That the Conseruatour of this Realme haue jurisdiction to do justice..betuix merchand and merchande in thay partes beȝond sea. 1565 Reg. Privy Council Scotl. I. 332 Nane of thame sall brek bouk,..quhill the tyme that thair gudis be housit, and the schip lost, and avysit with the conservatour how the marcat is. 1638 R. Baillie Lett. & Jrnls. (1841) I. 71 Your Conservatour has written to the King, that some munition is coming to us from Campheir. 1694 E. Phillips tr. J. Milton Lett. of State 316 Being a stranger..he..demanded the judgment of the Conservator, appointed to determine the Causes of the English; but was sent back to the Cognizance of that Court, from which he had appeal'd. 1761 Brit. Mag. 2 672 Charles Stewart, Esq; lord conservator of the Scotch privileges at Campvere. 1776 D. Hume Let. 27 June (1932) II. 328 Mr John Hume..alias the late Lord Conservator..had calculated Matters so as to arrive infallibly..in St David's Street on Wednesday Evening. 1845 Gentleman's Mag. Oct. 438/2 At Rotterdam, aged 72, Sir Alexander Ferrier, K. H. Lord Conservator of Scottish Privileges, late her Majesty's Consul for South Holland and Zeeland. 1981 J. Wormald Court, Kirk, & Community (1991) iv. 57 The Scots merchant Andrew Halyburton, conservator of the staple at Middelburg, may have come from the Edinburgh family of Benings. c. Any of various officials appointed to keep the peace in a region or community. Chiefly as conservator of the peace.In early use applied in a general sense to the monarch or some high official, as Lord Chancellor, Lord Treasurer, Lord High Constable, etc., and in a specific sense to the Wardens of the Peace appointed in 1327 (the precursors of the later Justices of the Peace: cf. Justice of the Peace n.; also Warden of the Peace at warden n.¹ 2c, Guardian of the Peace at guardian n. 1b). More recently applied to any local official charged with maintaining the law, as a sheriff, police officer, judge, etc. (now chiefly U.S.). ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > [noun] > Justice of the peace or district magistrate Justice of the Peace1423 justice1509 conservator of the peacea1513 Warden of the Peace1543 Guardian of the Peace1581 mittimus1630 magistrate1727 J.P.1732 beak1799 county commissioner1809 bubble and squeak1935 the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > [noun] > protector or defender > protector of public safety conservator of the peacea1513 a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. cxxiii A mercyfull kynge of peas conseruatour The thirde Edwarde. 1581 W. Lambarde Eirenarcha i. iii. 12 Wardeins, or Conseruators of the Peace. a1625 H. Finch Law (1636) 336 The conseruator of peace..is called..In a Tything, a petie Constable, Borsholder, Headborough, Thirdborough, Boroughhead, Tything-man, or Chiefe pledge. 1629 Vse of Law 13 in J. Doddridge Lawyers Light At this day, Conseruators of the Peace are out of vse; And in lieu of them, there are ordained Justices of Peace. a1716 O. Blackall Wks. (1723) I. xxxvi. 364 Magistrates in their publick and politick Capacity..by the Ordinance of God, Conservators of the publice Peace. 1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. ix. 350 The king's majesty is..the principal conservator of the peace within all his dominions;..hence it is usually called the king's peace. 1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering I. vii. 107 Since our friend's advancement to be a conservator of the peace, he had caused the gate..to be newly hung and handsomely painted. 1848 J. J. S. Wharton Law Lexicon (at cited word) The coroner is also a conservator of the peace within his own county, as is also the sheriff; so are the constables, tything-men, and the like. 1863 H. Cox Inst. Eng. Govt. iii. ii. 592 The sovereign is..the principal conservator of the peace of the kingdom. 1906 J. A. Fairlie Local Govt. ii. vi. 109 As conservator of the peace in his county, the sheriff is the representative of the sovereign power of the state. 1978 Washington Post (Nexis) 13 Feb. c1 Because taxicab and bus drivers..are considered ‘conservators of the peace’, along with judges, they are permitted to carry concealed weapons. 1997 Oxf. Compan. Brit. Hist. at Quarter sessions The office of justice of the peace can be traced back to the ‘keepers of the peace’ in 1195 and ‘conservators of the peace’ during the reigns of Henry III and Edward I. †d. Conservator of (the) Truce (also Conservator of Truce and Safe Conducts): an officer appointed to ensure the king's truces and safe conducts for foreign merchants and others were observed on the high seas and in English ports. Cf. sense 2b. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > holder of office > [noun] > specific designation of official Conservator of Truce1641 special1822 1641 Rastell's Termes de la Ley (new ed.) f. 76 Conservator of the Truce. 1651 N. Bacon Contin. Hist. Disc. Govt. xxii. 180 The Statute..concerning Free Trade, which had been prejudiced by the rigour of the Conservators of the Truce. 1701 W. Kennett Cowell's Interpreter (new ed.) at cited word Conservator of Truce and Safe Conducts... Was an Officer appointed at every part of the Sea... His Charge was to enquire of all Offences done against the King's Truce and Safe Conducts, upon the main Sea, out of the Liberties of the Cinque Ports. 1847 N. H. Nicolas Hist. Royal Navy 405 It was therefore enacted, that..a conservator of the truce should be appointed in each port to inquire into those offences, and to punish the parties. e. An official in charge of timber resources or the care of a forest or forests; esp. a senior administrator of a forestry department or region. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > forestry or arboriculture > [noun] > forester > officer in charge of forest woodwardc1050 forester1297 ranger1327 walker1482 keeper1488 wood-master15.. grazierc1503 wood-reeve1579 woodman1594 Warden of the Forest1598 rider1647 conservator1733 woodwarden1748 wood-forester1865 1733 W. Ellis Chiltern & Vale Farming vi. 64 The most noble Duke of Bridgwater..is certainly one of the greatest Conservators of Wood in this Kingdom. 1760 Remarks Royal Navy 34 The [forests]..should be surveyed..by the several Verdurers of the Forest, and Conservator of the Woods. 1812 W. B. Daniel Rural Sports I. 305 The [Dean] Forest..Government [is] vested in a Lord Warden..; four Verderers..; a Conservator; seven Woodwards; a chief Forester in Fee and Bow Bearer; [etc.]. 1856 J. Crawfurd Descriptive Dict. Indian Islands 194 The author..might have reflected that a conservator of forests was a needless office in countries covered with forest, and in which the great object is to get rid of it. 1902 Settler's Handbk. N.Z. 115 In 1876 a Forest Department was created... under a Chief Conservator of Forests. 1973 Times 16 Aug. 10 (advt.) Conservator of the Lower Swansea Valley. The vacancy is suitable for a recent graduate in Forestry or Botany. 2006 Statesman (India) (Nexis) 19 Sept. The ping pong being played out between the state's forest officials and the conservator of the Corbett Tiger Reserve. f. The custodian or keeper of a public building or institution; (now esp.) the curator of a museum or gallery. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > [noun] > one who looks after > guardian or custodian > custodian of building > of a museum or library curator1660 conservator1757 curatory1856 1757 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. II. 238 Under the Corps de Logis is the capital prison. In the Conservator's apartments [Ger. in demjenigen Pallaste der Conservatorum]..are two celebrated statues. 1835 W. Kirby On Power of God in Creation of Animals I. Introd. 104 The conservator and assistant-conservator of the museum. 1847 Let. in Pilgr. Land of Fathers (1850) I. xii. 114 I succeeded..in getting a strong note of recommendation from Mr. Turnbull, the British Consul, to the conservator of the museum. 1922 Hereditas 3 345 I take the opportunity of thanking Mr. Otto R. Holmberg, Conservator of the Botanical Museum of Lund, for the coining of this term. 1981 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 1 Nov. xi. 11 [His] wife, Jean, was formerly conservator of the Museum of Primitive Art, a Rockefeller-supported institution. 2007 Frederick (Maryland) News-Post 6 Feb. (Business section) 10 Richard Kornemann is an artist who is the owner and conservator of the Museum Shop at 20 N. Market St. g. U.S. Law. A court-appointed guardian or custodian. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > [noun] > one who looks after > guardian of minor or incapable person wardenc1290 tutora1387 curate1463 curator1471 guardiana1535 guardianer1595 pro-tutor1664 legal guardian1720 guardy1833 conservator1853 caregiver1966 primary caregiver1972 1853 N.Y. Herald 16 Feb. 6/1 Mr. Goodrich then read the commission of lunacy, by which Devotion C. Eddy was appointed conservator of the estate of Ira B. Eddy. 1916 University Pennsylvania Law Rev. 16 116 A was appointed conservator of B and kept him out of his, B's estate. 1981 Wall St. Jrnl. 26 Feb. 1/5 Canceled checks are often needed as proof of payment: in addition to many taxpayers, he cites children's conservators, who must demonstrate payments to a court. 2003 L. B. Goodheart Mad Yankees v. 127 A court appointed conservator sold his personal estate, which financed more than a year's stay at the retreat. h. A person employed in the conservation of artefacts or sites of archaeological, historical, or cultural significance. Cf. conservation n. 1f. ΚΠ 1959 Chicago Sunday Tribune 20 Dec. vii. 4/4 Inherent vice and carelessness are destroying irreplaceable art treasures, charge..a team of married art conservators. 1981 Antiquaries Jrnl. 61 i. 116 The conservator requested that the whole monument should be supported in scaffolding until such time as work could commence. 2002 Photogrammetric Rec. 17 441 Digital elevation models..are becoming invaluable to the conservator as a record of a monument or site prior to some form of intervention or historical analysis. II. gen. 3. a. Something that conserves; a preserving medium, force, device, or agent. Now rare.In quot. 1612 (in plural): †glasses for preserving the sight (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > preservation from injury or destruction > [noun] > preservation from decay, loss, or destruction > one who or that which preserves from decay, etc. > that which preserves from decay, loss, etc. conservea1393 conservativea1398 preservative?a1439 conservator?1440 preservationc1475 preserve1554 conservatory1563 conservice1607 conservatorship1645 preservatory1654 balsam1658 amber1785 embalmer1838 tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) ii. l. 143 (MED) Of cold & moyst conseruatour flynt stoon is. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 8779 Oþer maters..Conseruatours by craft, þat cointly were made. 1612 P. Lowe Disc. Whole Art Chyrurgerie (ed. 2) v. xx. 172 He must..use conseruatours of greene glasse. 1657 Sir T. Browne Nature's Cabinet Unlock'd v. 110 The place is the conservator of all things;..as the nature of Plants is various, so they have need of divers places to preserve life. 1733 W. Stukeley Let. to Hans Sloan 10 Action..breaks in pieces the blood, scours all the glands,..and next to food, is the conservator of the animal life. 1854 Excelsior Jan. 30 Nor is our climate a good conservator of such antiquities as wattled huts and wicker coracles. 1954 Househ. Guide & Almanac (News of World) 144/2 The frozen-food conservator or cabinet which..stores food which has previously been quick-frozen. 1990 Toronto Star (Nexis) 18 Feb. b6 He made dozens of stabs at perpetual motion before deciding on the flywheel design... It was patented in March as an ‘energy conservator’. b. A person (or thing personified) who protects or preserves someone or something; a preserver, conserver, guardian. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > [noun] > one who looks after > guardian or custodian herd971 wardena1290 keepera1300 yemerc1330 looker1340 tutor1377 actorc1384 conservator1447 custosc1450 guardian1477 custodier?c1500 custode1543 guardant1592 custodian1602 supervisor1691 vigilant1822 the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > preservation from injury or destruction > [noun] > preservation from decay, loss, or destruction > one who or that which preserves from decay, etc. conserverc1443 conservator1660 1447 O. Bokenham Lives of Saints (Arun.) (1938) l. 9094 (MED) Þe conseruatoure And þe keper of my virgynyte, Cryst Ihesu. 1660 J. Harding tr. B. Valentine Triumphant Chariot Antimony 93 Let us ascribe most humble thanks to the creator and conservator of all things. 1678 R. Allestree Lively Oracles v. §32. 162 The Christian Church..is the guardian and conservator of holy Writ. 1713 W. Derham Physico-theol. iv. xvi. 259 The infinite Conservator of the World. 1774 J. Bryant New Syst. (new ed.) I. 446 The real conservators of the wealth were the priests. 1859 J. G. Holland Gold Foil ix. 108 Connubial love, as a conservator of the youthful feeling of the soul. 1871 R. Browning Prince Hohenstiel-Schwangau 22 A conservator, call me, if you please, Not a creator nor destroyer: one Who keeps the world safe. 1889 Harper's Mag. July 176/2 He was a wise and judicious Governor, a careful conservator of all the best interests of the State. 1948 Amer. Anthropologist 50 211 He remained the conservator and protector of life in all its forms. 1993 N.Y. Times Mag. 5 Dec. 72/3 Gottlieb refused to make more substantial changes, saying he was by nature a ‘conservator’, not a ‘revolutionary’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.a1402
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