Congolesen.adj.

Brit.

/ˌkɒŋɡəˈliːz/, U.S.

/ˌkɑŋɡəˈliz/

Inflections: Plural unchanged.

Forms: 1800s– Congolese, 1800s– Kongolese.

Origin: From a proper name, combined with an English element. Etymons: proper name Congo , -ese suffix.

Etymology: < Congo, the name of a region and a river in western central Africa (see Kongo adj.) + -ese suffix, with insertion of -l- for euphony. Compare earlier Congoese n., Congoese adj.Compare French Congolais (1888 or earlier), and also (without -l- ) congois Congoese adj. and (with -l- , but with different suffix) †congolan (both a1721). The place name. The underlying place name was originally used specifically to refer to the Kingdom of Kongo (see the discussion at Kongo adj.). In later European use, the name came to denote the wider region and was subsequently (in the 19th cent.) taken up by the colonizing powers (France and Belgium); it is now used as part of the names of two countries, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kongo Repubilika ya Kôngo ya Dimokalasi) and the Republic of the Congo (Kongo Repubilika ya Kôngo), both independent since 1960.

A. n.

1. A native or inhabitant of various geographical regions around the Congo river; (now) spec. a native or inhabitant of the Republic of the Congo or the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Also: any of these groups collectively.The term Congolese applies to different geographical regions depending on the time period under discussion. It has been used variously of the people of the Kingdom of Kongo, the areas under French or Belgian colonial rule, the Republic of the Congo, or the Democratic Republic of the Congo (cf. note in etymology).In quot. 1800, perhaps being used generically to refer to any black person. Cf. Congo n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Africa > native or inhabitant of West Africa > [noun] > countries or regions

Guinean1589

Kongo1600

Gambian1744

Guinea Negro1748

Congoese1765

Sierra Leonean1791

Congolese1800

Liberian1826

Guinea-man1830

Nigerian1860

Lagosian1897

Basenji1906

Ghanaian1949

assimilado1953

Mali1960

Malian1960

Katangese1962

Biafran1967

Zairean1972

Ivorian1973

Zairois1973

Zairese1974

Upper Voltan1975

Voltaic1976

the mind > language > languages of the world > African languages > Niger-Kordofanian > [noun] > Niger-Congo > Niger-Congo proper languages > Kwa family > Bantu languages > Congoese

Congoese1765

Congolese1800

1800 C. B. Brown Arthur Mervyn II. xvii. 162 I took an exact account of the features, proportions, looks, and gestures of the monkey, the Congolese, and the Creole-Gaul.

1839 Boston Courier 9 Sept. The trial and fate of the unfortunate Congolese, who have been within a year enslaved, and afterwards having achieved their liberties, and been brought by deceit within the jurisdiction of the United States, are now about to have their actions scrutinized.

1904 Daily Chron. 15 Feb. 7/3 The Congolese are, indeed, worse off than slaves.

1960 Daily Tel. 7 July 1/1 They want a Congolese in charge, with no Belgians holding any command.

1993 Times 2 Sept. 40/2 [Congo] has pulled all its teams out of international sporting competition for a full year. They have lost too many games, Something Must Be Done. I think most of us know how the Congolese feel.

2000 Times 30 Aug. ii. 17/3 Che's principal contact in the region was a young Congolese called Laurent Kabila (currently the President of the Congo).

2. In early use: a group of Bantu languages and dialects spoken by the Kongo; any of these languages or dialects. Now used generically to refer to the languages spoken in the Democratic Republic of the Congo or the Republic of the Congo. The recognized languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of the Congo are Lingala, Kikongo, Swahili, Tshiluba, and French.With early use, cf. Kongo n. 2 and Kikongo n.

ΚΠ

1839 Boston Morning Post 3 Sept. The boy Antonio..spoke both Congolese and Spanish.

1900 Notes & Queries 9th Ser. 5 413/1 ‘Goober’ and ‘Pindar’..are synonyms for the ground-nut or pea-nut... ‘Goober’ is Angolan, and ‘pindar’ Congolese.

2005 Sunday Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 4 Dec. 10 They spoke Congolese and French, Mollison speaks English and Italian.

B. adj.

Of or relating to the region around the Congo river or the inhabitants of this region; (now) spec. of or relating to the Republic of the Congo or the Democratic Republic of the Congo or their inhabitants.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Africa > [adjective] > West Africa > specific countries

Guinean1607

Congoese1765

Liberian1823

Congolese1839

Gambian1864

Mali1906

Senegambian1911

Togolese1957

Mauritanian1959

Malian1963

Ivorian1966

Biafran1967

Upper Voltan1972

1839 Pennsylvania Inquirer & Daily Courier 4 Sept. The slaves of Ruiz and Montez were all Congolese slaves.

1892 Times 19 Aug. 3/3 The representatives of the Belgian nation are not disposed to follow the advice..to abandon the Congolese possessions of their King to France.

1932 Times Educ. Suppl. 30 Apr. p. iv/4 Peeps at Congolese villages.

1955 Times 6 July 11/6 The spontaneous enthusiasm of the greetings of the Congolese people, black and white alike, for their ruler.

1989 Washington Post (Nexis) 28 May x12 The Madman and the Medusa, by the foremost Congolese writer.

2005 R. Nidel World Music: Basics i. 30 Congolese music is a concrete affirmation of the power of African culture.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2020; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	congolese
释义	Congolesen.adj. Brit. /ˌkɒŋɡəˈliːz/, U.S. /ˌkɑŋɡəˈliz/ Inflections: Plural unchanged. Forms: 1800s– Congolese, 1800s– Kongolese. Origin: From a proper name, combined with an English element. Etymons: proper name Congo , -ese suffix. Etymology: < Congo, the name of a region and a river in western central Africa (see Kongo adj.) + -ese suffix, with insertion of -l- for euphony. Compare earlier Congoese n., Congoese adj.Compare French Congolais (1888 or earlier), and also (without -l- ) congois Congoese adj. and (with -l- , but with different suffix) †congolan (both a1721). The place name. The underlying place name was originally used specifically to refer to the Kingdom of Kongo (see the discussion at Kongo adj.). In later European use, the name came to denote the wider region and was subsequently (in the 19th cent.) taken up by the colonizing powers (France and Belgium); it is now used as part of the names of two countries, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kongo Repubilika ya Kôngo ya Dimokalasi) and the Republic of the Congo (Kongo Repubilika ya Kôngo), both independent since 1960. A. n. 1. A native or inhabitant of various geographical regions around the Congo river; (now) spec. a native or inhabitant of the Republic of the Congo or the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Also: any of these groups collectively.The term Congolese applies to different geographical regions depending on the time period under discussion. It has been used variously of the people of the Kingdom of Kongo, the areas under French or Belgian colonial rule, the Republic of the Congo, or the Democratic Republic of the Congo (cf. note in etymology).In quot. 1800, perhaps being used generically to refer to any black person. Cf. Congo n. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Africa > native or inhabitant of West Africa > [noun] > countries or regions Guinean1589 Kongo1600 Gambian1744 Guinea Negro1748 Congoese1765 Sierra Leonean1791 Congolese1800 Liberian1826 Guinea-man1830 Nigerian1860 Lagosian1897 Basenji1906 Ghanaian1949 assimilado1953 Mali1960 Malian1960 Katangese1962 Biafran1967 Zairean1972 Ivorian1973 Zairois1973 Zairese1974 Upper Voltan1975 Voltaic1976 the mind > language > languages of the world > African languages > Niger-Kordofanian > [noun] > Niger-Congo > Niger-Congo proper languages > Kwa family > Bantu languages > Congoese Congoese1765 Congolese1800 1800 C. B. Brown Arthur Mervyn II. xvii. 162 I took an exact account of the features, proportions, looks, and gestures of the monkey, the Congolese, and the Creole-Gaul. 1839 Boston Courier 9 Sept. The trial and fate of the unfortunate Congolese, who have been within a year enslaved, and afterwards having achieved their liberties, and been brought by deceit within the jurisdiction of the United States, are now about to have their actions scrutinized. 1904 Daily Chron. 15 Feb. 7/3 The Congolese are, indeed, worse off than slaves. 1960 Daily Tel. 7 July 1/1 They want a Congolese in charge, with no Belgians holding any command. 1993 Times 2 Sept. 40/2 [Congo] has pulled all its teams out of international sporting competition for a full year. They have lost too many games, Something Must Be Done. I think most of us know how the Congolese feel. 2000 Times 30 Aug. ii. 17/3 Che's principal contact in the region was a young Congolese called Laurent Kabila (currently the President of the Congo). 2. In early use: a group of Bantu languages and dialects spoken by the Kongo; any of these languages or dialects. Now used generically to refer to the languages spoken in the Democratic Republic of the Congo or the Republic of the Congo. The recognized languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of the Congo are Lingala, Kikongo, Swahili, Tshiluba, and French.With early use, cf. Kongo n. 2 and Kikongo n. ΚΠ 1839 Boston Morning Post 3 Sept. The boy Antonio..spoke both Congolese and Spanish. 1900 Notes & Queries 9th Ser. 5 413/1 ‘Goober’ and ‘Pindar’..are synonyms for the ground-nut or pea-nut... ‘Goober’ is Angolan, and ‘pindar’ Congolese. 2005 Sunday Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 4 Dec. 10 They spoke Congolese and French, Mollison speaks English and Italian. B. adj. Of or relating to the region around the Congo river or the inhabitants of this region; (now) spec. of or relating to the Republic of the Congo or the Democratic Republic of the Congo or their inhabitants. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Africa > [adjective] > West Africa > specific countries Guinean1607 Congoese1765 Liberian1823 Congolese1839 Gambian1864 Mali1906 Senegambian1911 Togolese1957 Mauritanian1959 Malian1963 Ivorian1966 Biafran1967 Upper Voltan1972 1839 Pennsylvania Inquirer & Daily Courier 4 Sept. The slaves of Ruiz and Montez were all Congolese slaves. 1892 Times 19 Aug. 3/3 The representatives of the Belgian nation are not disposed to follow the advice..to abandon the Congolese possessions of their King to France. 1932 Times Educ. Suppl. 30 Apr. p. iv/4 Peeps at Congolese villages. 1955 Times 6 July 11/6 The spontaneous enthusiasm of the greetings of the Congolese people, black and white alike, for their ruler. 1989 Washington Post (Nexis) 28 May x12 The Madman and the Medusa, by the foremost Congolese writer. 2005 R. Nidel World Music: Basics i. 30 Congolese music is a concrete affirmation of the power of African culture. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2020; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1800
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