单词 | conditioned |
释义 | conditionedadj. I. From the noun. 1. a. Of persons: Having a (specified) disposition or temperament; -disposed, -tempered, -natured. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > disposition or character > [adjective] > having specific disposition hearteda1200 cheeredc1225 entechedc1374 tempered1390 disposedc1430 conditioneda1450 mindedc1487 conceited?1536 inclined1543 natured1552 humoured1566 mettled1576 digested1607 complexioned1643 dispositioned1646 complexionated1650 constitutioned1711 complexionate1750 temperamented- a1450 Knt. de la Tour (1868) 16 Daughtres..welle manered and condicioned. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Rom. i. 29 Evill condicioned [1611 full of malignitie]. 1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iii. ii. 291 The deerest friend to me, the kindest man, the best conditiond . View more context for this quotation 1613 G. Wither Abuses Stript i. viii. sig. G2v A crooke-back-dwarfe..condition'd like an ape. 1661 F. Hawkins tr. Youths Behaviour (ed. 7) sig. F4/2 A good conditioned wife [L. uxor benè morata] is the best portion. a1749 T. Chalkley Wks. (1766) 204 They were silent and better conditioned to one another afterwards. 1860 Sea Board & the Down II. 19 An ill-conditioned woman. b. Having a (specified) social condition; † of (good) condition. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > nobility > aristocracy or upper class > [adjective] > having good social position goodOE conditioned1632 visitable1765 swell1810 well-placed1814 silver-tail1898 quite1907 the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > circumstance or circumstances > [adjective] > relating to circumstances of a person or in life > having particular circumstances or background statureda1460 conditioned1632 1632 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi Eromena 12 Her..courtesie..[to] others..how meane conditioned soever. a1641 R. Montagu Acts & Monuments (1642) 390 These conditioned men bee the fittest instruments of such flattery. 2. Of things: In a (specified) condition or state; having a certain condition or nature. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > [adjective] earthlyOE faringc1405 conditioned1548 1548 E. Gest Treat. againste Masse sig. Ciiv Acknowledging..the common bread and wyne to be nothing lesse then lyke condicioned. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. vi. sig. Hh5v Euery substaunce is conditioned To chaunge her hew. 1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique v. xix. 702 Sowe in a well condicioned ground that which was growen in an ill condicioned ground. 1681 A. Yarranton England's Improvem.: Pt. II 137 We ought to sell our Fish as well conditioned as they. 1805 R. Forsyth Beauties Scotl. II. 34 The highest and best conditioned cattle. 1868 A. Helps Realmah I. i. 1 What..an ill-conditioned planet! 3. Placed or set in certain conditions, circumstances, or relations; circumstanced, situated. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > circumstance or circumstances > [adjective] > placed in particular circumstances betide1470 circumstanced1611 circumstantiateda1628 circumstantiate1649 situated1702 conditioned1831 1831 S. T. Coleridge Table-talk 14 Aug. In countries well governed and happily conditioned. 1868 R. Browning Ring & Bk. I. ii. 104 The creature thus conditioned found by chance Motherhood like a jewel in the muck. 1881 B. Sanderson in Nature No. 619. 442 A frog so conditioned [with the brain removed] exhibits, as regards its bodily movements, as perfect adaptiveness as a normal frog. II. From the verb. 4. Settled on conditions; stipulated, bargained. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > agreement > [adjective] > agreed or agreed to affirmed1440 capitulate1528 bargained1552 pacted1567 concluded1569 undisputed1570 capitulated1586 conditioneda1652 pactitious1656 up-striked1677 stipulatory1762 trysted1793 a1652 R. Brome Novella ii. i. sig. I6, in Five New Playes (1653) He bargain'd with her..But in the night In the condition'd bed was laid a Moore. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > qualification > [adjective] conditionalc1380 conditionate1533 conditionated1581 otherwise1602 provisory1611 cautionated1623 provisionala1626 provisive1650 conditioneda1656 subject1662 limitative1682 springing1685 eventual1692 contingent1710 stipulated1766 provisionary1775 conditional1864 mitigated1884 a1656 Bp. J. Hall Shaking of Olive-tree (1660) ii. 374 A conditioned, and uncertain expectation of what Man would do, or would not do. 6. Subjected to conditions or limitations. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > qualification > [adjective] > limited by conditions qualified1538 circumstantiateda1628 conditional1837 conditioned1842 1842 R. W. Emerson Conservative in Dial Oct. 185 Wisdom does not seek a literal rectitude, but an useful, that is, a conditioned one. 1849 W. Smith Dict. Greek & Rom. Biogr. & Mythol. III. 402 The ultimate purpose of all conditioned existence. 1878 T. Sinclair Mount 70 The drama being to him only a more conditioned epic. 7. a. Dependent upon, or determined by, an antecedent condition. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > effect, result, or consequence > [adjective] > dependent or contingent relativea1500 perpendicular1555 dependent1593 dependential1646 contingent1785 depending1816 conditioned1851 1851 H. L. Mansel Prolegomena Logica vi. 212 Whenever a condition, whether material cause of a fact or formal reason of a conclusion, exists, the conditioned fact or conclusion exists also. b. conditioned reflex, a reflex or reflex action which through habit or training has been induced to follow a stimulus not naturally associated with it (cf. unconditioned adj.). So conditioned inhibition, conditioned response, conditioned stimulus. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > psychology > experimental psychology > study of reflex actions > [noun] > type of reflex conditioned reflex1906 unconditioned reflex1906 the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > [noun] > accustomedness > action or fact of accustoming > to conditioned responses > reflex moulded through habit conditioned reflex1906 1906 Nature 11 Oct. 592/1 The latter actions..are termed by Prof. Pawlow ‘conditioned reflexes’, to distinguish them from the ordinary or unconditioned reflexes. 1915 W. H. Howell Physiol. (ed. 6) 189 A class of reflexes obtained through the cortex of the cerebrum which he [sc. Pawlow] calls conditioned reflexes, because they may be elaborated under certain conditions. 1920 Jrnl. Exper. Psychol. 3 3 At nine months of age..can we condition fear of an animal, e.g., a white rat, by visually presenting it and simultaneously striking a steel bar?.. Such a conditioned emotional response can be established. 1925 E. P. Poulton Taylor's Pract. Med. (ed. 13) 892 Such associations are usually lost with further experience in the same way as the simpler conditioned reflexes established in animals can be broken down by further training. 1927 G. V. Anrep tr. I. P. Pavlov Conditioned Reflexes ii. 25 I have termed this new group of reflexes conditioned reflexes to distinguish them from the inborn or unconditioned reflexes. 1927 G. V. Anrep tr. I. P. Pavlov Conditioned Reflexes ii. 26 Conditioned reflexes are phenomena of common and wide-spread occurrence... We recognize them in ourselves and in other people or animals under such names as ‘education’, ‘habits’, and ‘training’. 1927 G. V. Anrep tr. I. P. Pavlov Conditioned Reflexes ii. 27 It is..necessary that the conditioned stimulus should begin to operate before the unconditioned stimulus comes into action. 1927 G. V. Anrep tr. I. P. Pavlov Conditioned Reflexes v. 69 Conditioned inhibition is developed..where the duration of the positive stimulus overlaps that of the additional stimulus. 1931 Discovery Apr. 106/2 This new kind of reflex, engrained by particular conditions of individual experience, was called by Pavlov a conditioned reflex. 1934 H. C. Warren Dict. Psychol. 55/1 Conditioned response. 1951 G. Humphrey Thinking i. 24 Motivation is sometimes necessary..for the establishment of conditioned reflexes. 1951 G. Humphrey Thinking x. 313 Early experimentalists thought that a replica of past experience was produced by association... Various alternatives have been proposed..the ‘conditioned response’, and so on. 1960 H. J. Eysenck et al. Behaviour Therapy iii. 223 Extinction brought about by a habit of not responding, i.e. conditioned inhibition. 1962 John o' London's 4 Jan. 19/3 Annie winces; and so (after the conditioned-reflex laugh) do we. c. Taught or accustomed to accept or adopt certain habits, attitudes, standards, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > [adjective] > accustomed, used, or wont > by adaptation to circumstances acclimated1822 acclimatized1833 conditioned1930 1930 R. S. Woodworth Psychol. (ed. 8) vi. 258 From his prolonged period of dependence, the human child is bound to be ‘conditioned’ to group life, even if he were naturally indifferent to it. 1956 S. Ertz Charmed Circle xi. 173 He must have acquired these habits a very long time ago because Mrs. Jackson appeared to be perfectly ‘conditioned’ to them. 1958 Economist 8 Nov. 482/1 It may be a long time before the heavily conditioned people of Russia itself could be counted on to share the job of supervising their own government in the interest of humanity as a whole. 8. absol. the conditioned: a. Applied to the consequent in a conditional proposition. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical proposition > [noun] > conditional or hypothetical proposition > antecedent or consequent of antecedent1574 consequent1628 condition1864 the conditioned1864 1864 F. C. Bowen Treat. Logic iii. 53 This axiom is properly called that of Reason and Consequent or the Condition and the Conditioned. 1864 F. C. Bowen Treat. Logic vii. 210 To affirm the Reason or the Condition is also to affirm the Consequent or the Conditioned. b. metaphorical. That which is subject to the conditions of finite existence and cognition; opposed to the unconditioned, absolute, or infinite. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > qualification > [noun] > things subject to conditions the conditioned1829 1829 W. Hamilton in Edinb. Rev. Oct. 213 The conditionally limited (which we may briefly call the conditioned) is thus the only possible object of knowledge and of positive thought. 1846 W. Hamilton in T. Reid Wks. 911/2 The Law of the conditioned:—That all positive thought lies between two extremes, neither of which we can conceive as possible, and yet, as mutual contradictories, the one or the other we must recognise as necessary. a1856 W. Hamilton Lect. Metaphysics (1859) II. xxxviii. 373 The Conditioned is that which is alone conceivable or cogitable. 1862 H. Spencer First Princ. i. iv. §24. 81 The Unconditioned therefore, as classable neither with any form of the conditioned nor with any other Unconditioned, cannot be classed at all. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > qualification > [adjective] > on a condition conditioned1641 conditioning1819 1641 P. Heylyn Ἡρωολογια Anglorvm 306 The manour..was held of old by Grand Sergianty of the Kings of England; condicioned that the Grantees should for ever be the K. Marshals. 1652 P. Heylyn Cosmographie i. sig. V2 Such of them, as..had a desire to stay in Spain..were suffered so to doe..conditioned that they would be Christned. 10. Of air: purified and having had its temperature, humidity, etc., adjusted. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > psychology > experimental psychology > conditioning > [adjective] conditioned1909 the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > freedom from impurities > removal of impurities > ventilation and air-conditioning > [adjective] > conditioned (of air) conditioned1909 1909 S. W. Cramer Useful Inf. for Cotton Manufs. (ed. 2) iv. 1413 The conditioned air is delivered from the apparatus into a longitudinal duct. 1935 H. G. Wells Things to Come xi. 94 They had no properly mixed and conditioned air. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.a1450 |
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