communionn.

Brit.

/kəˈmjuːnɪən/, U.S.

/kəˈmjunjən/

Forms: Middle English cominion, Middle English communioun, Middle English communyone, Middle English communyoun, Middle English comunyoun, Middle English comvnyoun, Middle English–1500s communyon, Middle English–1500s comunyon, Middle English– communion, 1500s commonion, 1500s commvnion, 1500s comonion, 1500s com'unyon, 1500s comvnyon, 1500s–1600s comunion; Scottish pre-1700 commonioun, pre-1700 communione, pre-1700 communioun, pre-1700 commwnioun, pre-1700 1700s comunion, pre-1700 1700s– communion.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French communion; Latin commūniōn-, commūniō.

Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman communiun, cummuniun, comunion, Anglo-Norman and Middle French communion fellowship or mutual relationship between people who profess the same belief (first half of the 12th cent. in Anglo-Norman), participation in the Christian sacrament of the Eucharist (second half of the 12th cent. in Anglo-Norman), communion rite (c1275 or earlier in Anglo-Norman), fact of sharing or holding something in common with others (a1374), fact of being associated, linked, or connected (1478 in a medical text), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin commūniōn-, commūniō mutual participation, possession of common qualities, association, union, in post-classical Latin also Eucharist (4th cent.), union of Christians (c400 in Augustine), friendly intercourse (5th cent.), consecrated wafer (9th cent.), anthem (from 11th cent. in British sources) < commūnis common adj. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Catalan comunió (13th cent.), Spanish comunión (1107), Portuguese comunhão (13th cent.), Italian comunione (1281).With sense 3c compare earlier post-communion n. With communion of saints at Phrases 1 compare post-classical Latin communio sanctorum (4th cent.; from 14th cent. in British sources), Anglo-Norman and Middle French communion des sains (late 12th cent. in Anglo-Norman as communiun des sainz ; French communion des saints ). With Holy Communion at sense 3a compare post-classical Latin communio sancti altaris communion of the holy altar (4th or 5th cent. in Augustine), communio sancta (c1090, 1508 in British sources), communio sacra (c1185, c1362 in British sources), communio sacrosancta (c1550 in a British source). Compare Old English communia antiphon sung at the Eucharist (compare sense 3c; < post-classical Latin communio (see above)):OE Ælfric 2nd Let. to Wulfstan (Junius) in B. Fehr Die Hirtenbriefe Ælfrics (1914) 168 Ac ge ne sceolon singan offerendan on þam dæge ne agnus dei ne communian [OE Corpus Cambr. communia, c1175 Bodl. communion; L. in ipso die non cantatur offertorium nec agnus dei nec communio] ne gan to pacem.OE Ælfric Let. to Wulfsige (Corpus Cambr.) in B. Fehr Die Hirtenbriefe Ælfrics (1914) 29 On þone easteræfen ne sy gesungen æt þære mæssan offerenda ne agnus dei ne communia.

a. The action or fact of sharing or holding something in common with others; mutual participation; the condition of things so held, mutuality, community, union.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > [noun] > participation in common interest

fellowshipa1250

communiona1382

participation?a1475

society1534

intercommoning1573

communication1574

concernment1676

participancy1856

participance1869

opting-in1969

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Ecclus. ix. 20 The comunyoun of deth [L. communionem mortis] wite thou; for in the myddil of grenes thou shalt gon in.

c1530 Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1866) 33 Yf thei be merchauntes, dyvision of heritage is bettyr than commvnion.

1559 T. Paynell tr. Erasmus Complaint of Peace sig. B.iii I behold & se the communion of al things a colledge ioyned together, al one temple, the selfe same lawes, the quotidian & dayly conuentes.

1591 H. Smith Preparatiue to Mariage 2 Mariage..is nothing els but a communion of life between man and woman, ioyned together according to the ordinance of God.

1617 F. Moryson Itinerary iii. i. iii. 46 They attribute..hospitalitie to the Brittanes, communion of all things to the Normans.

1695 R. South Tritheism 192 To affirm mutual Consciousness to be the cause of the Union of the Three Divine Persons in the same Nature, is to confound the Union and Communion of the said Persons together.

1737 D. Waterland Rev. Doctr. Eucharist 272 By Communion, the Apostle certainly intended a joint-Communion, or participating in common with others.

1809 S. T. Coleridge Friend 9 Nov. 184 In France there was no public Credit, no communion of Interests.

1865 G. Grote Plato I. i. 52 Having no communion of nature with other things.

1921 M. Mortensen Managem. Dairy Plants ii. 11 An association founded upon a contract between two or more competent persons for joining their money, goods, labor, and skill..with the understanding that there shall be a communion of profit among such partners.

1945 J. West Plainville, U.S.A. ii. 100 Each loafing group..involves a central nucleus of membership, some communion of interest, and frequently an informal meeting place.

1998 A. J. Nicholls in C. Buffet & B. Heuser Haunted by Hist. xiv. 221 If German statesmen and politicians thought of improving relations with the West, they usually looked for some illusory communion of interests with Britain.

b. The fact of being associated or linked; association, connection. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > [noun] > operating together

communiona1538

concurring1594

co-agency1611

concourse1635

co-working1670

synergy1820

synenergy1822

synergia1831

co-ordination1870

co-operancy1878

the world > relative properties > relationship > correlation > [noun]

analogy1533

communiona1538

correlation1561

correspondency1607

connection1613

correlativeness1727

co-relation1836

interrelation1848

interradiation1855

interconnection1856

interrelatedness1865

interrelationship1867

assonance1868

correlativity1877

complementariness1881

interlinkage1904

complementarity1911

interconnectedness1922

a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 119 The communyon betwyx them [sc. body and soul] also to be of that sorte that they dyseasys of the one redunde to the other.

1625 N. Carpenter Geogr. Delineated i. iii. 47 These parts are called Homogeneall..in respect of their Magneticall nature and communion.

1668 N. Culpeper & A. Cole tr. T. Bartholin Anat. (new ed.) ii. iii. 90 The communion of Nerves and Vessels.

1724 Warm Beer iv. 28 The Stomach..doth Lacessere cerebrum vibratiis nervis; yea, such is the Communion between them, that neither the one nor the other doth hardly suffer but Conjunctive, together.

1788 Trans. Royal Soc. Edinb. 1 176 That more leisurely and intimate communion betwixt the air and the snow, which is necessary to the extrication of hoar-frost.

1875 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) I. 437 To dissever the soul from the communion of the body.

1878 M. Foster Text Bk. Physiol. (ed. 2) iii. ii. 407 A certain amount of functional communion between the two sides, so that when one retina is stimulated both pupils contract.

1960 Biol. Bull. 119 511 Glass tubes..were inserted beyond the spiracular valves, placing the tracheal system in free communion with the air.

a. The fellowship or mutual relationship between members of one church, or between bodies which recognize each other fully as branches of the universal Christian Church; membership of a church.Members of a church may be said to be ‘in communion with’ the church, and churches and congregations to be ‘in communion with’ each other.See also communion of saints at Phrases 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > communion > [noun]

fellowredc1230

commonc1300

communing1357

brotherheadc1384

fellowshipc1384

commoninga1400

communionc1405

brotherhooda1425

sodality1602

consent1635

correspondence1642

converse1668

koinonia1907

c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Parson's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) §238 Contricion..restoreth..to the compaignye and comunyon of holy chirche.

1537 Inst. Christen Man C j To committe many greuous..offences.., for the whiche they deserue to be precided & excluded for a season from the communion of this holy church.

a1600 R. Hooker Learned Disc. (1612) 13 The example of our fathers may not retaine vs in communion with that church [sc. the Church of Rome].

1654 J. Bramhall Just Vindic. Church of Eng. ii. 7 Yet both retein Communion with the Universal Church.

1687 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) I. 411 The inhabitants in and about London in communion with the establisht church.

1711 G. Cary Physician's Phylactic 188 The Ancient Catechumens and Penitents..attained the Spiritual Favours of the Church, being in some Respects within Her Communion, without it in others.

1761 J. Wesley Let. 10 Apr. (1931) IV. 150 They are determined never to renounce communion with the Church unless they are cast out headlong.

1839 J. Yeowell Anc. Brit. Church (1847) Pref. 11 Churches planted by the Apostles, with whom it was in full communion.

1879 A. W. Haddan Apostolical Succession Church Eng. iii. 60 That the..ungodly Churchman should be still in outward communion with the Church.

1954 J. T. McNeill Hist. & Char. Calvinism iii. xx. 337 They [sc. the Pilgrim Fathers] did not intend a separation from the communion of the Church of England.

1956 R. Macaulay Towers of Trebizond ix. 93 Father Chantry-Pigg said that our branch of the Catholic Church was in communion with these [Greek Orthodox] papas.

1990 Catholic Herald 30 Nov. 3 (caption) The Coptic church has both a Catholic branch, in communion with Rome, and an Orthodox wing.

b. gen. Fellowship; the fact of being associated in one's actions or relations; mutual association, society, converse. Now rare.In early use also: †affinity, the fact of having something in common (cf. communication n. 1) (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > [noun]

conversationc1340

dolea1400

repairc1425

fellowshipc1450

frequentation?1520

communion1529

society1531

commerce1537

commercement1537

society1538

trade1555

intercourse1557

company1576

intercommunication1586

interdeal1591

entertain1602

consort1607

entregent1607

quarter1608

commercing1610

converse1610

trucka1625

congress1628

socialty1638

frequency1642

socialitya1649

socialness1727

intercommuniona1761

social life1812

dialogue1890

discourse1963

1529 tr. M. Luther in tr. Erasmus Exhort. Studye Script. sig. e.i His flesshe hath communion & felishippe with the corrupte flesshe in Adam and Eve, & so is fulle of luste and concupiscence.

1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique 87 b The Communion is a felowship or a commyng together, rather latine than englishe.

1592 W. West Symbolæogr.: 1st Pt. i. i. §22 Contractes of propertie are buying or selling..of communion, societie.

1611 Bible (King James) 2 Cor. vi. 14 What communion hath light with darknesse?

1650 E. Leigh Annot. New Test. 294 As if he had said, you professe a communion and fellowship, I adjure you by this fellowship which you professe to perform these duties of love.

1661 T. Gouge Christian Direct. xiii. 44 If you look into the Primitive times, you shall finde, that when the Christians did most frequently associate themselves together, delighting in the communion of each other.

1758 J. Reed Madrigal & Trulletta i. i. 8 Fare thee well! I'll never hold communion with thee more: But from the day-book of my dearest friendship I'll cross thee out.

1775 E. Burke Speech Resol. for Concil. Colonies 53 We must sacrifice some civil liberties, for the advantages to be derived from the communion and fellowship of a great empire.

1816 Ld. Byron Prisoner of Chillon xiv My very chains and I grew friends, So much a long communion tends To make us what we are.

1850 C. Merivale Hist. Romans under Empire I. i. 10 The Latin franchise..placed its possessor in a state of subordinate communion with the Roman people.

1878 Amer. Naturalist 12 34 The bird soul is now above pellets of frozen mutton, and the communion of fowls and dogs.

1917 Virginia Law Rev. 5 198 The close bond of communion and business intercourse that will spring from the union of arms with our allies and from the acquaintance and friendships this war will engender.

c. Originally: religious fellowship or converse, close spiritual union. Later also (originally poetic): intimate engagement or union of a spiritual or mystical nature. Cf. commune v. 1c.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > conversation > [noun] > spiritual or mental

fellowredc1230

fellowshipc1384

commerce1597

communing1608

communion1800

?1548 tr. J. Calvin Faythfvl Treat. Sacrament sig. Bviii^v Yf the maner of the communion with Christ be suche that we be partakers of all the mercies and benifites which he gate for vs by his death: then are we not partakers with the spirite onely but with ye manhoode also.

1593 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie i. iv. 56 Consider..the Angels as hauing with vs that communion which the Apostle to the Hebrewes noteth.

1642 D. Rogers Naaman To Rdr. sig. B4^v In these latter, our union and communion with God consists.

1704 R. Nelson Compan. Festivals & Fasts ii. ix. 472 It is in the Communion of the Sacrament, as it is in the Communion of Prayers.

1781 W. Cowper Retirem. 747 Divine Communion..must fill the void.

1800 W. Wordsworth in W. Wordsworth & S. T. Coleridge Lyrical Ballads II. 189 She who dwells with me, whom I have lov'd With such communion, that no place on earth Can ever be a solitude to me.

1819 W. Irving Sketch Bk. i. 32 He lives with antiquity..in the sweet communion of studious retirement.

1845 R. Ford Hand-bk. Travellers in Spain I. i. 51 That health of body and soul which ever rewards a close communion with Nature.

1876 J. P. Norris Rudim. Theol. i. 15 Between man and God we are unwilling to use the familiar term ‘intercourse’, communion is the more reverent word, but it means the same thing.

1907 E. Wharton Fruit of Tree 301 Steeped in that unreflecting peace which is shed into some hearts by communion with trees and sky.

1941 A. C. Bouquet Compar. Relig. viii. 153 In Kurozumi kyo and Konko kyo, faith-healing occurs as part of the result of communion with God.

1994 L. Gordon Charlotte Brontë (1995) iii. 89 That communion between Hall and Mary, derived from the nightly rapport of the Brontë sisters, foretells other suggestive scenes in fiction where women murmur to each other in the darkness, almost without words.

2007 Gazette (Montreal) (Nexis) 21 Apr. k1 Nearly all the swimmers were Russian, in mystic communion with their sacred lake.

†d. Common action or participation; action in partnership. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > co-operation > [noun]

co-operation1495

concurrence1525

conspiring1561

concomitation1563

consort1590

concurring1594

concurrency1596

concurrent1605

communion1614

coadjutement1618

coaction1625

synergy1632

concourse1635

coadjuvancy1646

coactivity1659

co-operancya1670

synenergya1680

tandem1851

collaboration1860

coadjuvation1875

1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. v. §7. 80 Men beganne publikely to call on the name of the Lord, that is, they serued and praised God by Communion, and in publike manner.

1658 J. Durham Comm. Bk. Revelation ii. 69 Any member [of the Catholick Church]..may claim the priviledges of a member by communion in publick Ordinances of Word and Sacraments in whatsoever Church, though he be no particular member thereof.

1796 E. Burke Two Lett. Peace Regicide Directory France (ed. 4) i. 16 Our account of the war, as a war of communion..was a war of disaster and of little else.

a. Frequently with capital initial. Participation in the Christian sacrament of the Eucharist, spec. by the reception of consecrated elements (see element n. 3); the Eucharist itself as a religious observance. Frequently more fully as Holy Communion. Also: either or both of the consecrated elements as administered in the Eucharist (chiefly in to take (also deliver, receive) (the) communion).Sometimes more specifically as communion in one kind, communion in both kinds (see kind n. 9a), with reference to the question whether the laity should receive one or both elements. See also half-communion n. at half adj. Compounds 2.Also with preceding modifying adjective (as close communion, closed communion, strict communion) with reference to the view that the taking of communion should be restricted to those satisfying certain requirements (such as full membership of a particular church or congregation), or to the view that there should be no such restriction (as free communion, open communion); for these compounds see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > sacrament > communion > [noun]

massOE

servicelOE

sacrament?c1225

table1340

commoningc1384

the Lord's Supperc1384

Eucharista1400

oblation?a1425

communion1440

sacrifice?1504

Lord's Table1533

Maundy1533

the Supper?1548

unbloody sacrifice1548

mystery1549

communication1550

banquet1563

liturgy1564

table service1593

synaxis1625

mysteriousness1650

second service1655

nagmaal1833

ordinance1854

table prayer1858

society > faith > worship > sacrament > communion > receive communion [phrase]

houselOE

to receive, take the sacrament?c1225

to receive one's Savioura1425

to take (also deliver, receive) (the) communion1440

to receive (also take) one's Maker1539

society > faith > worship > sacrament > communion > [noun] > attendance or partaking of

commoningc1384

communingc1425

communion1440

perceptionc1450

sumptionc1450

sustentationc1450

manducationa1513

receipt?a1513

communicating1550

communication1550

mastication1601

theanthropophagy1654

theophagy1875

Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 89 Communyone, sacrament, communio.

1455 in Trans. Bristol & Gloucs. Archaeol. Soc. 1890–1 (1891) 15 148 Another old boke..endeth with the communion in the service of the Dedication of a church.

1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende f. 307/2 Whan the solempnytees of the masses were done, & the peple had taken hooly communyon, al retvrned to their propre places.

c1500 Consecration of Nuns (Cambr. Mm.3.13) in W. Maskell Monumenta Ritualia Ecclesiæ Anglicanæ (1846) II. 327 Oon after an other..shall offer an host and wyne..for theyr communion.

1548 Order of Communion sig. A.ii^v To come to this holy Sacrament and mooste blessed Communion. Sig. A.iii^v (rubric) Before he shall minister the Communion. Sig. B.i^v (rubric) Disposed to be partakers of the Communion. Sig. B.iv (rubric) Those that are mynded to receyue the holy Communion. Sig. C.i^v (rubric) The prieste shall deliuer the communion, firste to the ministers.

1555 R. Eden Disc. Vyage rounde Worlde in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 224 Whyle certeyne of the Christians were at the communion.

1560 Bible (Geneva) 1 Cor. x. 16 The cuppe of blessing which we blesse, is it not the communion [c1384 Wycliffite, E.V. comenynge, 1526 Tyndale partakynge (1534 felowship), 1582 Rheims communication, 1611 communion, L. communicatio, Gk. κοινωνία] of the blood of Christ? The bread which we breake, is it not the communion [c1384 Wycliffite, E.V. delynge or part takynge, 1526 Tyndale partetakynge (1534 felowship), 1582 Rheims participation, 1611 communion, L. participatio, Gk. κοινωνία] of the bodie of Christ?]

1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 4 We goe..to our Parishe Churche, where we heare our Curate, and receaue the blessed Communion.

c1581 in J. V. Holleran Jesuit Challenge (1999) (modernized text) 132 Do you hold that if one eat your communion worthily, that then he shall be saved?

1631 S. Rutherford Lett. (1863) I. xiv. 67 Unacquainted with the day of our Communion.

1650 J. Lamont Diary 19 May (1830) 17 The communion was giuen att the church of Largo.

1687 J. Evelyn Diary (1955) IV. 543 The Communion follow'd, at which I was participant.

1737 R. Challoner Catholick Christian Instructed v. 66 After the Communion of the Priest in the Mass, such of the People as are to communicate go up to the Rail before the Altar.

a1770 J. Jortin Serm. (1771) V. xiii. 293 The Church of Rome gives the Communion in one kind.

1800 H. Hudson tr. J.-H. Castéra Life Catherine II vii. 325 The wretched archbishop..conjured his assassins to permit him to ascend to the altar, to receive the communion once more.

1838 W. Ware Probus II. viii. 77 They..were received to the arms of the church and even to the communion of the body and blood of our Lord.

1869 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) III. 15 Communion in both kinds was certainly usual at this time.

1891 N.E.D. at Eulogia The unconsecrated bread remaining after communion, blessed by the priests and given to the non-communicants.

1947 M. E. Boylan This Tremendous Lover (new ed.) xi. 166 Here in Holy Communion we have our Creator, our prototype, coming to unite us to Himself.

1975 J. Cheever Jrnls. (1991) 308 He is the same priest..who gave me Communion when I was last thought to be dying.

2007 Church Times 13 Apr. 19/3 The recovery of parish communion as the central and constituting liturgical event of the English parish.

†b. An office or service for the celebration of the Eucharist. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > parts of service > communion ceremony > [noun]

usage1536

communion1549

altar service1640

communion service1641

communion office1657

1549 Forme & Maner consecratyng Archebishoppes sig. C.ij Then shalbe song or saied, the Communion of the daie.

1555 J. Bale in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) III. App. xxxix. 108 They mock the rehearsal of Gods commandments, and of the epistles and gospels in our Communion, and say, they are misplaced.

1575 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 368 Y^e..Burgesses..shall yearly procure a communion or sermon to be made.

c. Chiefly Roman Catholic Church. A versicle, psalm, or antiphon appointed to be sung or recited during the administration of the Eucharist, or immediately after the Agnus Dei.

ΚΠ

1730 tr. C. Fleury Eccl. Hist. IV. xxxvii. 507 The Communion is sung, the Priest repeats the Prayer, which we call Post-Communion, and the deacon dismisses the Congregation.

1759 Office Holy Week (ed. 5) Pref. p. xv The Offertory, the Kiss of Peace, and the Antiphon, call'd the Communion, are omitted, because the Faithful did not receive the Blessed Eucharist at this Mass.

1853 D. Rock Church of our Fathers IV. 42 While the Eucharist was being distributed to the people, the choir sang the whole or part of a psalm, called, from that circumstance, the ‘communion’.

1951 M. L. Wolf Dict. Arts 176 The communion is part of the proper of the mass, and is appointed for the day on which the service is sung.

1994 Sunday Times (Nexis) 4 Sept. The Communion was originally an antiphonal chant with psalm-verse, but in the 12th century the psalm-verse disappeared.

4. A body of people united by common religious faith and rites; a church or denomination; an organized body professing one faith.Anglican communion: see Anglican adj. and n. Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > religion > a religion or church > [noun]

churcheOE

kirkc1175

spousea1200

lawa1225

lorea1225

religionc1325

faithc1384

sectc1386

seta1387

leara1400

hirselc1480

professiona1513

congregation1526

communion1553

schism1555

segregation1563

sex1583

hortus conclususa1631

confessiona1641

dispensation1643

sectary1651

churchship1675

cult1679

persuasion1732

denomination1746–7

connection1753

covenant1818

sectarism1821

organized religion1843

1553 J. Bale tr. S. Gardiner De Vera Obedientia sig. Dij^v Y^e churche of Englande..is iustlie to be called y^e churche, because it is a communion of christen people.

1565 J. Jewel Replie Hardinges Answeare i. 28 In this sense S. Hierome called S. Augustine a Bishop of his Communion: that is, of his Faithe: of his Minde: of his Doctrine: of his Religion.

1643 Earl of Newcastle Declar. in Answer of Six Groundlesse Aspersions by Ld. Fairefax 4 That I have in mine Army some of the Romish Communion I do not deny.

1692 P. Allix Remarks Eccl. Hist. Albigenses xxii. 220 In the Writings of the more honest Authors of the Romish Communion, such as Aeneas Sylvius.

1700 J. Astry tr. D. de Saavedra Fajardo Royal Politician II. 314 It is not allowable to kill or hate a Man of a different Communion.

1745 T. O'Brien Truth Triumphant Pref. p. ix They well deserve the Applause of all good Christians, and the blessings of those of the Catholick Communion in that Country.

1805 R. Parkinson Tour in Amer. ii. xxv. 457 In Alexandria there are churches of the English communion.

1846 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 II. xii. 570 The Scotch minister..according to the rules of his communion.

1875 P. G. Hamerton Intellect. Life (ed. 2) xi. i. 398 The clergy of their respective communions.

1955 G. Gorer Exploring Eng. Char. xiv. 251 All my respondents who claimed membership of any denomination were members of some Christian church or communion.

1990 R. Graham God's Dominion x. 225 The Canadian Church is among the few of the twenty-eight autonomous churches belonging to the world-wide Anglican Communion that have allowed the ordination of women.

5. The action of communicating; intercourse, interaction; conversation.In later use coloured by sense 2c.phatic communion: see phatic adj.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > conversation > [noun]

speechc900

talec1000

speaka1300

reasonc1300

speakinga1325

counsela1350

intercommuningc1374

dalliancec1400

communication1419

communancec1449

collocutiona1464

parlour?c1475

sermocination1514

commona1529

dialogue?1533

interlocutiona1534

discourse1545

discoursing1550

conference1565

purposea1572

talk1572

interspeech1579

conversationa1586

devising1586

intercourse1596

intercommunication1603

eclogue1604

commercing1610

communion1614

negocea1617

alloquy1623

confariation1652

gob1681

gab1761

commune1814

colloquy1817

conversing1884

cross-talk1887

bull session1920

rap1957

1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. iii. §14. 62 The Israelites had neuer any communion or affaires with the Æthiopians.

1693 J. Ray Three Physico-theol. Disc. (ed. 2) i. iii. 18 No entercourse or Communion with the superiour or external Air.

1787 J. Fawcett Humble Attempt Syst. Conjugal Morality v. 83 Our communion and intercourse with our dearest friends, and nearest relations, may be intercepted by our misfortunes.

1834 W. A. Caruthers Cavaliers of Virginia I. 134 As the figures met they paused and seemed to hold communion for a time, and then pursued their way together.

1869 W. E. Gladstone Juventus Mundi iii. 95 Words..transported bodily out of the Greek into the Latin tongue after literary communion had begun.

1940 C. A. Werner Man may Dream iii. 26 He fancied they were holding whispered communion in a language of their own.

2003 Arena Aug. 110/2 The communion with his metallic partner completed he swings his leg over the bike and accelerates down the pit-lane.

Phrases

P1. communion of saints and variants: the fellowship or unity of all Christians, both alive and dead (cf. saint n. 3a); (also occasionally) the fellowship of Christians belonging to a particular church or denomination.An earlier term was communing of saints: see communing n. 1.

ΚΠ

c1440 S. Scrope tr. C. de Pisan Epist. of Othea (St. John's Cambr.) (1970) 44 He schulde haue singulere deuocion in the feithful holi chirche and in the communyon of seintes.

a1475 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Godstow Nunnery (1905) i. 8 The communion of seyntis now for vs preith.

a1530 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfeccyon (1531) iii. f. CCxviii^v The seconde [poynte] is, that there is communyon of sayntes.

1602 A. Copley Another Let. to Dis-iesuited Kinseman 30 Shun thou henceforward the Communion of Saints, hauing thus spet on a Challice which is the cup of life.

1715 C. Owen Plain-dealing i. 7 Tho' we locally separate, yet we hold the same Communion of Saints, as the Creed requires.

1773 J. Wesley Let. 9 May (1931) VI. 26 It has in all ages been allowed that the communion of saints extends to those in paradise as well as those upon earth.

1845 B. Disraeli Sybil I. ii. viii. 188 ‘He was tortured and hanged.’ ‘He is with the communion of saints,’ said the Religious.

1853 R. C. Trench On Lessons in Proverbs 125 The things of friends are in common. Where does this find its exhaustive fulfilment, but in the Communion of Saints?

1913 Times 4 Oct. 7/4 Christianity..learnt how to express that brotherhood which transcended all race divisions in its doctrine of the communion of saints.

1946 S. Hook Educ. for Mod. Man (1947) v. 71 The communion of saints is a great and inspiring assemblage, but it has only one possible hall of meeting, and that is, the present.

1995 Catholic Insight Apr. 3/3 Souls in purgatory..are united, as the Vatican Council teaches, with the pilgrim Church in the Communion of Saints.

P2. letter of communion: a letter certifying the bearer to be in communion with a particular church. Similarly letters of communion. Cf. communicatory letters at communicatory adj. 1. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > religion > a religion or church > [noun] > membership in > certificate of

letter of communion1585

communion lettera1711

1585 T. Bilson True Difference Christian Subiection ii. 157 Iohn Bishop of Constantinople, to whom or from whom Gregorie would in no wise send or accept letters of communion.

1638 J. Mede Churches 51 It should be given to those..unto whom the Bishops of Rome and Italy should send Letters of communion.

1697 in T. W. Marsh Some Rec. Early Friends Surrey & Sussex xiii. 118 This Meeting Desires William Garton and Josiah Garton to draw a letter of Communion and send it unto him [sc. William Penn].

1746 W. Whiston Sacred Hist. VI. xiii. 526 The African Bishops for awhile..ceased to send Letters of Communion to either of the two Parties.

1840 W. Palmer Apostolical Jurisdict. xvi. 205 The eastern church does not send letters of communion to the Roman churches.

1981 Phoenix 35 243 Rufinus left Rome before the death of Pope Siricius, from whom he obtained a letter of communion.

2007 Patriot News (Harrisburg, Pa.) (Nexis) 25 May g1 The letters of Communion given by one bishop were a warrant that merited acceptance wherever Christians gathered.

Compounds

C1.

a. General attributive (chiefly in sense 3a).Some of the more established compounds are treated separately at Compounds 1c. See also communion table n.

ΚΠ

1549 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16267) Svpper of the Lorde f. cxxx^v In the Communion tyme the Clarkes shall syng.

1613 L. Bayly Practise of Pietie (ed. 3) 601 If it be a Communion day, draw neere to the Lords Table, in the Wedding Garment of a faithfull and penitent heart, to be partaker of so holy a banquet.

a1741 E. Cairns Mem. (1762) 101 The Lord's supper was to be administered, this of all other ordinances was the sweetest to me through the former part of my life, it is neither necessary, nor is it possible for me to mark down what I have met with in and about communion-times.

?1781 T. Pentycross Serm. Speculative, Pract., & Exper. xx. 426 Each condemned malefactor is brought to the bar, as it were, of the communion-place, and pronounced..free from punishment.

1857 Times 23 Mar. 10/1 At the communion time the table..shall stand in the body of the church, or chancel, where morning and evening prayer is appointed to be said.

1886 J. Banvard Plymouth & Pilgrims 164 The Sabbath being communion day, they partook of the ordinance of the supper.

1890 J. R. Lowell Writings 162 The Grail itself were crockery cheap To Every-day's communion-platter.

1960 G. R. Cragg Church & Age of Reason vi. 86 The ‘communion season’ brought together enormous crowds of worshippers and..lasted for days.

1995 P. Conroy Beach Music (1996) xviii. 294 At Communion time I followed my mother up to the rail.

2008 South Bend (Indiana) Tribune (Nexis) 10 Jan. d1 ‘Take this bread, it is my body.’ That part of the Communion liturgy really speaks to me.

b. attributive. spec. Relating to or used for a child's first communion (see first communion n. at first adj., adv., and n.² Compounds 1b(b)).

ΚΠ

1860 B. Stow Year of Grace v. 63 A minister was astonished to hear a woman of his charge..repeat with great feeling and accuracy the instructions of a communion class at which he had labored about thirty years before.

1898 Cent. Mag. July 387/1 The little girl in the white communion dress symbolized that faith which is blind.

1931 Victoria (Texas) Daily Advocate 23 Mar. 2/3 The spectacle of the girls in immaculate white and communion veil and the boys in dark communion suit march slowly and solemnly into the church, each with communion candle in hand.

1952 Times 28 July 8/4 It is not with the first communion of a small girl with which the [film] director..is concerned; rather is it with the communion dress of the small girl and of the efforts of her father to see that she gets it in time.

1991 Party & Paper Retailer (Nexis) 1 Nov. 42 Communion gifts are not typically expensive. Symbolic jewelry (cross-and-chain) might be given by the parents or Godparents.

2007 Sunday Times (Nexis) 13 May 9 Increasing numbers of parents are spending thousands of euros on elaborate celebrations for their seven- and eight-year-old First Communicants... Hotels and restaurants were booked up for communion parties.

communion bread n.

ΚΠ

1565 J. Jewel Replie Hardinges Answeare i. 2 To poyson some bodie, as Henry the Emperour was poysoned in the communion bread.

1605 T. Sparke Brotherly Perswasion (1607) 10 The order of Geneua touching their communion bread.

1752 F. Warner Rational Def. Eng. Reformation xiii. 185 The communion bread is his body, not living, but dead in our stead.

1889 Harper's Mag. Aug. 335/2 The preparation of the communion bread, which is leavened, and in the form of a small loaf, is very complex.

1999 A. E. McGrath Reformation Thought (ed. 3) ii. 36 Christ's presence in the communion bread is purely spiritual.

communion office n.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > parts of service > communion ceremony > [noun]

usage1536

communion1549

altar service1640

communion service1641

communion office1657

1657 J. Taylor Coll. Offices sig. e8 If upon Communion days, the morning Prayer and the Communion Office be not read at one time [etc.].

1721 J. Strype Eccl. Memorials III. xxxi. 243 They thought it not convenient to have the Ten Commandments, the Epistles, and Gospels repeated in the Communion Office.

1855 F. Procter Hist. Bk. Common Prayer 145 The ceremonies revived in the new Communion Office were, The mixing of Water with the Wine,..and the Prayer of Oblation.

1999 S. B. Emsley St. Paul's in Grand Parade vi. 48 There is no Sung Eucharist, as the entire Communion Office is recited.

communion service n.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > parts of service > communion ceremony > [noun]

usage1536

communion1549

altar service1640

communion service1641

communion office1657

1641 Diurnall Occurr. 3 Nov. 1640–3 Nov. 1641 300 He..enioyned that every Minister after he had finished the reading of some part of morning Prayer, at the Desk, should..read at the said Table a part of the Communion Service, now commonly called the second Service.

1761 D. Hume Hist. Eng. to Henry VII I. 238 He had previously ordered, that the introit to the communion service should begin with these words, Princes sat and spake against me.

1843 J. Bird Let. 8 Aug. in J. Howse Gram. Cree Lang. (1844) p. xv The Rev. Mr. Smithurst has, by well studying your Grammar, been enabled to read the Communion Service.

1927 Times 4 Mar. 10/3 God Himself is the Preparer of hearts rightly to receive the benefits specially offered by Him in the Holy Communion service.

2004 Church Times 25 June 18/4 The existence of such a retable made it necessary for the clergy to celebrate the communion service in front of the holy table, facing away from the people.

communion wafer n.

ΚΠ

1725 S. Barrett Reply Catholick Answer 46 It must necessarily follow that the Communion-Wafer is the true living Body of Christ.

1856 C. L. Brace Home-life Germany xxxviii. 389 Very many were kneeling on the stone pavement in silent prayer, others..bowing before the altar to partake of the communion wafer.

1966 Times 7 May 8/3 (caption) A priest..demonstrating a machine which automatically delivers a communion wafer into a chalice when a coin is placed in the slot.

2000 M. Fletcher Silver Linings (2001) x. 293 Pilgrims,..apart from the occasional communion wafer are allowed just one meal of dry toast and black tea or coffee per day.

communion wine n.

ΚΠ

1592 in A. Palmer Tudor Churchwardens' Accts. (1985) 146 Paide for the communion wine at Easter xxvis id.

1785 S. Felton Expl. Sever. Hogarth's Prints 26 The wine-cup is not improperly placed near the clerk, who now and then very probably takes a sip of the communion wine.

1909 A. C. Flick Rise Mediaeval Church xiii. 286 The Greek Church gives and the Roman Church withholds the communion wine from the laity.

2007 Daily Mail (Nexis) 2 Nov. 7 Priests now fear that..taking Communion wine will put them over the limit when the latest stringent road safety measures come into force.

C2.

communion aisle n. Church History (chiefly Scottish) an aisle in a church containing the communion table for celebration of the Eucharist, and sometimes reserved for this purpose only.

ΚΠ

1580 Protocol Bk. J. Scott (Edinb. Reg. House) f. 81^v To be present in the communion yle within the paroche kirk of Sanct Androis.

1642 in Select. Extracts Anc. Minutes Kirk-session of Kinghorn (1863) 41 A burriale place in the comunion yle of the church.

1838 C. J. Lyon Hist. St. Andrews vii. 114 Gladstones died in the spring of 1615, and was buried in the communion aisle of the parish church.

1906 Trans. Sc. Ecclesiological Soc. 1905–6 249 One of the old plans of the church shews a small chapel on the west side of the communion aisle.

2005 J. R. Hume Scotl.'s Best Churches 51 Internally, one of the arms of the cross was certainly a Communion aisle.

communion board n. a communion table (cf. board n. 6).

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > division of building (general) > altar > [noun] > communion table

altarOE

God's boarda1200

boardc1200

communion table1549

table1550

communion board1553

altela1555

1553 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 395 A benche yat went Rownd abowt y^e comvnyon boorde.

1588 W. Allen Admon. to Nobility & People 14 The Idoll of her prophane communion borde.

a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1959) V. 148 The Religion of the Church holds a stubborne Recusant at the table, at the Communion bord, as farre from her, as a Recusant at the Pew.

1735 R. Challoner Short Hist. Protestant Relig. iv. 49 Leaving only one Chalice, with certain Table-cloths for the Use of the Communion Board.

1872 C. A. Bartol Radical Probl. ix. 228 American religion takes it as bread and wine from the communion-board.

1938 E. I. Fripp Shakespeare I. ii. 37 A communion ‘board’ was substituted for the altar.

2005 F. Heal Reformation in Brit. & Ireland x. 442 Parishioners overcame any earlier aversion to moving into the chancel and gathering round the communion board.

communion book n. a book containing the order of service for Holy Communion.

ΚΠ

1559 Seconde Volume of Fabians Chronicle in Chronicle of Fabian (new ed.) sig. BBB.i^v The Englishe Seruice and the Communion boke was derogated, and disanulled, and a generalle submission..made to the sea of Roome.

a1640 J. Ball Answer to Iohn Can (1642) ii. 7 What hath beene their seeking from time to time? a razing of the communion booke! No.

1711 J. Toland High-Church Display'd 269 The reviewing the Liturgy and the Communion-Book was refer'd to a select number.

1890 Times 7 Feb. 13/1 That was ordered in the Communion Book of Edward VI, which preceded the first Prayer book.

1983 Burlington Mag. May 263/2 Two gilt vessels from the college..were saved in 1648, and with two Communion books were handed over to Dr John Dale.

communion cloth n. a cloth used at the celebration of the Eucharist; esp. a cloth for the communion table.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > cloths, carpets, cushions > cloth (general) > altar cloth > [noun]

altar clotha1200

towel?1284

riddelc1380

communion cloth1573

1573 Aldeburgh Rec. in Notes & Queries (1920) 18 Sept. 226/1 For vi yards of Locram for a comonion cloth.

1631 J. Weever Anc. Funerall Monuments 49 An ore-worne Communion-cloth.

1727 J. Leng Serm. 42 Which Present is a plain Purple Communion Cloth, a Pulpit Cloth and Cushion.

1866 J. Purchas & F. G. Lee Directorium Anglicanum (ed. 3) 353 Communion cloth or Houseling cloth is a white linen cloth spread over the rails at the time of the Communion.

1939 S. K. Padover Life & Death Louis XVI xxvii. 328 Abbé Edgeworth's list called for a crucifix, a missal, a chalice, a communion cloth and pall.

2007 Huntsville (Alabama) Times (Nexis) 24 Aug. 1d They asked for designs for communion cloths, pulpit and lectern hangings, Bible markers and two ministerial stoles.

communion cup n. a cup used for the wine at the celebration of the Eucharist.Sometimes used in preference to chalice in some churches after the Reformation.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > implement (general) > vessel (general) > cup > [noun]

chalicec1000

vessel1340

cupc1449

communion cup1550

ciboire1640

ciboriuma1684

1550 Churchwardens' Accts. St Margaret's, Westminster in Illustr. Antient Times Eng. (1797) 13 The silver..which was delivered to Robert Tayleboys,..for to make thereof IV communion cups.

1565 J. Jewel Replie Hardinges Answeare xiv. 504 An other Iulian President of the East..in like despite of Christe, sate vpon the Holy Communion Cuppes.

1643 Earl of Newcastle Declar. in Answer of Six Groundlesse Aspersions by Ld. Fairefax 8 Their Chalices, or Communion Cupps (let them [sc. the Parliamentarians] call them what they will).

1706 R. Hamersley Advice to Sunday Barbers 16 They may as well steal the Communion Cup from off the Lord's Table, as to steal any part of the Lord's Day.

1850 H. Martineau Let. 10 Dec. in C. Brontë Lett. (2000) II. 527 How wd. the Church of England like to see the street-folk..throwing their Communion cups about, & making the Lord's prayer into doggerel.

1929 Times 8 Apr. 19/3 Sanction to dispose of a communion cup in their possession for $15,000 has been refused.

2007 Church Times 24 Aug. 23/3 Refashioned Elizabethan communion cups made in the first decade of the new Church of England.

communion letter n. now historical = letter of communion at Phrases 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > religion > a religion or church > [noun] > membership in > certificate of

letter of communion1585

communion lettera1711

a1711 T. Ken Hymnarium 135 in Wks. (1721) II. He no Communion-Letters could pretend, Which mov'd the Angel Entrance to suspend.

1956 A. Fremantle Papal Encyclicals i. 23 These letters were called ‘peace’ or ‘communion’ letters, because they served to prove that the bearer belonged to the communion and was allowed to receive the Eucharist.

1996 J. A. Otto & L. M. Maloney tr. K. Schatz Papal Primacy i. iv. 17 Anyone who could present such a communion letter was accepted into the new community as a Christian.

communion plate n. the vessels used for the celebration of the Eucharist, usually made of precious metals; cf. plate n. 2.

ΚΠ

1647 J. Barwick Querela Cantabrigiensis 18 And at another Colledge the Communion-Plate was most sacrilegiously seized upon and taken away from the very Communion Table.

1704 W. Kennett Case of Impropriations 299 He has adorned the Quire of this Church, and nobly Augmented the Furniture of the Communion-Plate.

1879 Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. 8 352 At the Mohawk settlement on the Grand River they still preserve the silver communion plate, the gifts of Her Majesty Queen Anne.

1932 R. Macaulay They were Defeated ii. 148 The beautiful chapel.., its candlesticks and gilded communion plate.

2005 Coventry Evening Tel. (Nexis) 4 July 14 A relative..donated the silver communion plate to the church that still serves congregations at Stoke.

communion rail n. the rail in front of the communion table in some churches, the altar-rail.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > division of building (general) > altar rail > [noun]

parclose1387

rail1637

sept1640

communion rail1662

1662 A. Brome Rump (new ed.) i. 209 Now the Directory jostles Christ out oth' Church and his Apostles; And tears down the Communion rayles, That men may take it on their tayles.

1742 Defoe's Tour Great Brit. (ed. 3) III. ii. 63 There are no very remarkable Monuments in this Church, except one of Archbishop Sands, which is within the Communion Rails.

1847 Baroness Bunsen in A. J. C. Hare Life & Lett. Baroness Bunsen (1879) II. iii. 97 Knelt by the Communion-rails of Westbury Church.

1935 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 41 167 Society women will kneel beside Negro women at the communion rail before High Church Episcopalian altars.

2007 Chicago Tribune (Nexis) 24 Dec. (State & Regional News) Plans also include installing a communion rail around the altar.

communion Sunday n. a Sunday on which communion is celebrated.In common use in England until the late 19th-cent. revival of weekly celebration of communion in the Church of England.

ΚΠ

1619 D. Calderwood Perth Assembly 83 Every communion sunday is a passion holy day.

1703 M. Simson Short Char. Presbyterian Spirit 14 I my self have seen, upon Sundays, yea Communion Sundays, publick Eating & Drinking, at Kirk-yard preachings.

1853 C. M. Yonge Heir of Redclyffe I. xviii. 295 It was a Communion Sunday.

1948 R. M. Lovett All our Years i. 16 He was a deacon in the church and passed the contribution box and the bread and wine on Communion Sundays.

2008 Gazette (Montreal) (Nexis) 9 Mar. a14 A long procession of the congregation to St. John's Church on Gosford St...became a familiar sight in Montreal on communion Sundays.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	communion
释义	communionn. Brit. /kəˈmjuːnɪən/, U.S. /kəˈmjunjən/ Forms: Middle English cominion, Middle English communioun, Middle English communyone, Middle English communyoun, Middle English comunyoun, Middle English comvnyoun, Middle English–1500s communyon, Middle English–1500s comunyon, Middle English– communion, 1500s commonion, 1500s commvnion, 1500s comonion, 1500s com'unyon, 1500s comvnyon, 1500s–1600s comunion; Scottish pre-1700 commonioun, pre-1700 communione, pre-1700 communioun, pre-1700 commwnioun, pre-1700 1700s comunion, pre-1700 1700s– communion. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French communion; Latin commūniōn-, commūniō. Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman communiun, cummuniun, comunion, Anglo-Norman and Middle French communion fellowship or mutual relationship between people who profess the same belief (first half of the 12th cent. in Anglo-Norman), participation in the Christian sacrament of the Eucharist (second half of the 12th cent. in Anglo-Norman), communion rite (c1275 or earlier in Anglo-Norman), fact of sharing or holding something in common with others (a1374), fact of being associated, linked, or connected (1478 in a medical text), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin commūniōn-, commūniō mutual participation, possession of common qualities, association, union, in post-classical Latin also Eucharist (4th cent.), union of Christians (c400 in Augustine), friendly intercourse (5th cent.), consecrated wafer (9th cent.), anthem (from 11th cent. in British sources) < commūnis common adj. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Catalan comunió (13th cent.), Spanish comunión (1107), Portuguese comunhão (13th cent.), Italian comunione (1281).With sense 3c compare earlier post-communion n. With communion of saints at Phrases 1 compare post-classical Latin communio sanctorum (4th cent.; from 14th cent. in British sources), Anglo-Norman and Middle French communion des sains (late 12th cent. in Anglo-Norman as communiun des sainz ; French communion des saints ). With Holy Communion at sense 3a compare post-classical Latin communio sancti altaris communion of the holy altar (4th or 5th cent. in Augustine), communio sancta (c1090, 1508 in British sources), communio sacra (c1185, c1362 in British sources), communio sacrosancta (c1550 in a British source). Compare Old English communia antiphon sung at the Eucharist (compare sense 3c; < post-classical Latin communio (see above)):OE Ælfric 2nd Let. to Wulfstan (Junius) in B. Fehr Die Hirtenbriefe Ælfrics (1914) 168 Ac ge ne sceolon singan offerendan on þam dæge ne agnus dei ne communian [OE Corpus Cambr. communia, c1175 Bodl. communion; L. in ipso die non cantatur offertorium nec agnus dei nec communio] ne gan to pacem.OE Ælfric Let. to Wulfsige (Corpus Cambr.) in B. Fehr Die Hirtenbriefe Ælfrics (1914) 29 On þone easteræfen ne sy gesungen æt þære mæssan offerenda ne agnus dei ne communia. 1. a. The action or fact of sharing or holding something in common with others; mutual participation; the condition of things so held, mutuality, community, union. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > [noun] > participation in common interest fellowshipa1250 communiona1382 participation?a1475 society1534 intercommoning1573 communication1574 concernment1676 participancy1856 participance1869 opting-in1969 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Ecclus. ix. 20 The comunyoun of deth [L. communionem mortis] wite thou; for in the myddil of grenes thou shalt gon in. c1530 Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1866) 33 Yf thei be merchauntes, dyvision of heritage is bettyr than commvnion. 1559 T. Paynell tr. Erasmus Complaint of Peace sig. B.iii I behold & se the communion of al things a colledge ioyned together, al one temple, the selfe same lawes, the quotidian & dayly conuentes. 1591 H. Smith Preparatiue to Mariage 2 Mariage..is nothing els but a communion of life between man and woman, ioyned together according to the ordinance of God. 1617 F. Moryson Itinerary iii. i. iii. 46 They attribute..hospitalitie to the Brittanes, communion of all things to the Normans. 1695 R. South Tritheism 192 To affirm mutual Consciousness to be the cause of the Union of the Three Divine Persons in the same Nature, is to confound the Union and Communion of the said Persons together. 1737 D. Waterland Rev. Doctr. Eucharist 272 By Communion, the Apostle certainly intended a joint-Communion, or participating in common with others. 1809 S. T. Coleridge Friend 9 Nov. 184 In France there was no public Credit, no communion of Interests. 1865 G. Grote Plato I. i. 52 Having no communion of nature with other things. 1921 M. Mortensen Managem. Dairy Plants ii. 11 An association founded upon a contract between two or more competent persons for joining their money, goods, labor, and skill..with the understanding that there shall be a communion of profit among such partners. 1945 J. West Plainville, U.S.A. ii. 100 Each loafing group..involves a central nucleus of membership, some communion of interest, and frequently an informal meeting place. 1998 A. J. Nicholls in C. Buffet & B. Heuser Haunted by Hist. xiv. 221 If German statesmen and politicians thought of improving relations with the West, they usually looked for some illusory communion of interests with Britain. b. The fact of being associated or linked; association, connection. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > [noun] > operating together communiona1538 concurring1594 co-agency1611 concourse1635 co-working1670 synergy1820 synenergy1822 synergia1831 co-ordination1870 co-operancy1878 the world > relative properties > relationship > correlation > [noun] analogy1533 communiona1538 correlation1561 correspondency1607 connection1613 correlativeness1727 co-relation1836 interrelation1848 interradiation1855 interconnection1856 interrelatedness1865 interrelationship1867 assonance1868 correlativity1877 complementariness1881 interlinkage1904 complementarity1911 interconnectedness1922 a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 119 The communyon betwyx them [sc. body and soul] also to be of that sorte that they dyseasys of the one redunde to the other. 1625 N. Carpenter Geogr. Delineated i. iii. 47 These parts are called Homogeneall..in respect of their Magneticall nature and communion. 1668 N. Culpeper & A. Cole tr. T. Bartholin Anat. (new ed.) ii. iii. 90 The communion of Nerves and Vessels. 1724 Warm Beer iv. 28 The Stomach..doth Lacessere cerebrum vibratiis nervis; yea, such is the Communion between them, that neither the one nor the other doth hardly suffer but Conjunctive, together. 1788 Trans. Royal Soc. Edinb. 1 176 That more leisurely and intimate communion betwixt the air and the snow, which is necessary to the extrication of hoar-frost. 1875 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) I. 437 To dissever the soul from the communion of the body. 1878 M. Foster Text Bk. Physiol. (ed. 2) iii. ii. 407 A certain amount of functional communion between the two sides, so that when one retina is stimulated both pupils contract. 1960 Biol. Bull. 119 511 Glass tubes..were inserted beyond the spiracular valves, placing the tracheal system in free communion with the air. 2. a. The fellowship or mutual relationship between members of one church, or between bodies which recognize each other fully as branches of the universal Christian Church; membership of a church.Members of a church may be said to be ‘in communion with’ the church, and churches and congregations to be ‘in communion with’ each other.See also communion of saints at Phrases 1. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > communion > [noun] fellowredc1230 commonc1300 communing1357 brotherheadc1384 fellowshipc1384 commoninga1400 communionc1405 brotherhooda1425 sodality1602 consent1635 correspondence1642 converse1668 koinonia1907 c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Parson's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) §238 Contricion..restoreth..to the compaignye and comunyon of holy chirche. 1537 Inst. Christen Man C j To committe many greuous..offences.., for the whiche they deserue to be precided & excluded for a season from the communion of this holy church. a1600 R. Hooker Learned Disc. (1612) 13 The example of our fathers may not retaine vs in communion with that church [sc. the Church of Rome]. 1654 J. Bramhall Just Vindic. Church of Eng. ii. 7 Yet both retein Communion with the Universal Church. 1687 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) I. 411 The inhabitants in and about London in communion with the establisht church. 1711 G. Cary Physician's Phylactic 188 The Ancient Catechumens and Penitents..attained the Spiritual Favours of the Church, being in some Respects within Her Communion, without it in others. 1761 J. Wesley Let. 10 Apr. (1931) IV. 150 They are determined never to renounce communion with the Church unless they are cast out headlong. 1839 J. Yeowell Anc. Brit. Church (1847) Pref. 11 Churches planted by the Apostles, with whom it was in full communion. 1879 A. W. Haddan Apostolical Succession Church Eng. iii. 60 That the..ungodly Churchman should be still in outward communion with the Church. 1954 J. T. McNeill Hist. & Char. Calvinism iii. xx. 337 They [sc. the Pilgrim Fathers] did not intend a separation from the communion of the Church of England. 1956 R. Macaulay Towers of Trebizond ix. 93 Father Chantry-Pigg said that our branch of the Catholic Church was in communion with these [Greek Orthodox] papas. 1990 Catholic Herald 30 Nov. 3 (caption) The Coptic church has both a Catholic branch, in communion with Rome, and an Orthodox wing. b. gen. Fellowship; the fact of being associated in one's actions or relations; mutual association, society, converse. Now rare.In early use also: †affinity, the fact of having something in common (cf. communication n. 1) (obsolete). ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > [noun] conversationc1340 dolea1400 repairc1425 fellowshipc1450 frequentation?1520 communion1529 society1531 commerce1537 commercement1537 society1538 trade1555 intercourse1557 company1576 intercommunication1586 interdeal1591 entertain1602 consort1607 entregent1607 quarter1608 commercing1610 converse1610 trucka1625 congress1628 socialty1638 frequency1642 socialitya1649 socialness1727 intercommuniona1761 social life1812 dialogue1890 discourse1963 1529 tr. M. Luther in tr. Erasmus Exhort. Studye Script. sig. e.i His flesshe hath communion & felishippe with the corrupte flesshe in Adam and Eve, & so is fulle of luste and concupiscence. 1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique 87 b The Communion is a felowship or a commyng together, rather latine than englishe. 1592 W. West Symbolæogr.: 1st Pt. i. i. §22 Contractes of propertie are buying or selling..of communion, societie. 1611 Bible (King James) 2 Cor. vi. 14 What communion hath light with darknesse? View more context for this quotation 1650 E. Leigh Annot. New Test. 294 As if he had said, you professe a communion and fellowship, I adjure you by this fellowship which you professe to perform these duties of love. 1661 T. Gouge Christian Direct. xiii. 44 If you look into the Primitive times, you shall finde, that when the Christians did most frequently associate themselves together, delighting in the communion of each other. 1758 J. Reed Madrigal & Trulletta i. i. 8 Fare thee well! I'll never hold communion with thee more: But from the day-book of my dearest friendship I'll cross thee out. 1775 E. Burke Speech Resol. for Concil. Colonies 53 We must sacrifice some civil liberties, for the advantages to be derived from the communion and fellowship of a great empire. 1816 Ld. Byron Prisoner of Chillon xiv My very chains and I grew friends, So much a long communion tends To make us what we are. 1850 C. Merivale Hist. Romans under Empire I. i. 10 The Latin franchise..placed its possessor in a state of subordinate communion with the Roman people. 1878 Amer. Naturalist 12 34 The bird soul is now above pellets of frozen mutton, and the communion of fowls and dogs. 1917 Virginia Law Rev. 5 198 The close bond of communion and business intercourse that will spring from the union of arms with our allies and from the acquaintance and friendships this war will engender. c. Originally: religious fellowship or converse, close spiritual union. Later also (originally poetic): intimate engagement or union of a spiritual or mystical nature. Cf. commune v. 1c. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > conversation > [noun] > spiritual or mental fellowredc1230 fellowshipc1384 commerce1597 communing1608 communion1800 ?1548 tr. J. Calvin Faythfvl Treat. Sacrament sig. Bviii^v Yf the maner of the communion with Christ be suche that we be partakers of all the mercies and benifites which he gate for vs by his death: then are we not partakers with the spirite onely but with ye manhoode also. 1593 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie i. iv. 56 Consider..the Angels as hauing with vs that communion which the Apostle to the Hebrewes noteth. 1642 D. Rogers Naaman To Rdr. sig. B4^v In these latter, our union and communion with God consists. 1704 R. Nelson Compan. Festivals & Fasts ii. ix. 472 It is in the Communion of the Sacrament, as it is in the Communion of Prayers. 1781 W. Cowper Retirem. 747 Divine Communion..must fill the void. 1800 W. Wordsworth in W. Wordsworth & S. T. Coleridge Lyrical Ballads II. 189 She who dwells with me, whom I have lov'd With such communion, that no place on earth Can ever be a solitude to me. 1819 W. Irving Sketch Bk. i. 32 He lives with antiquity..in the sweet communion of studious retirement. 1845 R. Ford Hand-bk. Travellers in Spain I. i. 51 That health of body and soul which ever rewards a close communion with Nature. 1876 J. P. Norris Rudim. Theol. i. 15 Between man and God we are unwilling to use the familiar term ‘intercourse’, communion is the more reverent word, but it means the same thing. 1907 E. Wharton Fruit of Tree 301 Steeped in that unreflecting peace which is shed into some hearts by communion with trees and sky. 1941 A. C. Bouquet Compar. Relig. viii. 153 In Kurozumi kyo and Konko kyo, faith-healing occurs as part of the result of communion with God. 1994 L. Gordon Charlotte Brontë (1995) iii. 89 That communion between Hall and Mary, derived from the nightly rapport of the Brontë sisters, foretells other suggestive scenes in fiction where women murmur to each other in the darkness, almost without words. 2007 Gazette (Montreal) (Nexis) 21 Apr. k1 Nearly all the swimmers were Russian, in mystic communion with their sacred lake. †d. Common action or participation; action in partnership. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > co-operation > [noun] co-operation1495 concurrence1525 conspiring1561 concomitation1563 consort1590 concurring1594 concurrency1596 concurrent1605 communion1614 coadjutement1618 coaction1625 synergy1632 concourse1635 coadjuvancy1646 coactivity1659 co-operancya1670 synenergya1680 tandem1851 collaboration1860 coadjuvation1875 1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. v. §7. 80 Men beganne publikely to call on the name of the Lord, that is, they serued and praised God by Communion, and in publike manner. 1658 J. Durham Comm. Bk. Revelation ii. 69 Any member [of the Catholick Church]..may claim the priviledges of a member by communion in publick Ordinances of Word and Sacraments in whatsoever Church, though he be no particular member thereof. 1796 E. Burke Two Lett. Peace Regicide Directory France (ed. 4) i. 16 Our account of the war, as a war of communion..was a war of disaster and of little else. 3. a. Frequently with capital initial. Participation in the Christian sacrament of the Eucharist, spec. by the reception of consecrated elements (see element n. 3); the Eucharist itself as a religious observance. Frequently more fully as Holy Communion. Also: either or both of the consecrated elements as administered in the Eucharist (chiefly in to take (also deliver, receive) (the) communion).Sometimes more specifically as communion in one kind, communion in both kinds (see kind n. 9a), with reference to the question whether the laity should receive one or both elements. See also half-communion n. at half adj. Compounds 2.Also with preceding modifying adjective (as close communion, closed communion, strict communion) with reference to the view that the taking of communion should be restricted to those satisfying certain requirements (such as full membership of a particular church or congregation), or to the view that there should be no such restriction (as free communion, open communion); for these compounds see the first element. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > sacrament > communion > [noun] massOE servicelOE sacrament?c1225 table1340 commoningc1384 the Lord's Supperc1384 Eucharista1400 oblation?a1425 communion1440 sacrifice?1504 Lord's Table1533 Maundy1533 the Supper?1548 unbloody sacrifice1548 mystery1549 communication1550 banquet1563 liturgy1564 table service1593 synaxis1625 mysteriousness1650 second service1655 nagmaal1833 ordinance1854 table prayer1858 society > faith > worship > sacrament > communion > receive communion [phrase] houselOE to receive, take the sacrament?c1225 to receive one's Savioura1425 to take (also deliver, receive) (the) communion1440 to receive (also take) one's Maker1539 society > faith > worship > sacrament > communion > [noun] > attendance or partaking of commoningc1384 communingc1425 communion1440 perceptionc1450 sumptionc1450 sustentationc1450 manducationa1513 receipt?a1513 communicating1550 communication1550 mastication1601 theanthropophagy1654 theophagy1875 Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 89 Communyone, sacrament, communio. 1455 in Trans. Bristol & Gloucs. Archaeol. Soc. 1890–1 (1891) 15 148 Another old boke..endeth with the communion in the service of the Dedication of a church. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende f. 307/2 Whan the solempnytees of the masses were done, & the peple had taken hooly communyon, al retvrned to their propre places. c1500 Consecration of Nuns (Cambr. Mm.3.13) in W. Maskell Monumenta Ritualia Ecclesiæ Anglicanæ (1846) II. 327 Oon after an other..shall offer an host and wyne..for theyr communion. 1548 Order of Communion sig. A.ii^v To come to this holy Sacrament and mooste blessed Communion. Sig. A.iii^v (rubric) Before he shall minister the Communion. Sig. B.i^v (rubric) Disposed to be partakers of the Communion. Sig. B.iv (rubric) Those that are mynded to receyue the holy Communion. Sig. C.i^v (rubric) The prieste shall deliuer the communion, firste to the ministers. 1555 R. Eden Disc. Vyage rounde Worlde in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 224 Whyle certeyne of the Christians were at the communion. 1560 Bible (Geneva) 1 Cor. x. 16 The cuppe of blessing which we blesse, is it not the communion [c1384 Wycliffite, E.V. comenynge, 1526 Tyndale partakynge (1534 felowship), 1582 Rheims communication, 1611 communion, L. communicatio, Gk. κοινωνία] of the blood of Christ? The bread which we breake, is it not the communion [c1384 Wycliffite, E.V. delynge or part takynge, 1526 Tyndale partetakynge (1534 felowship), 1582 Rheims participation, 1611 communion, L. participatio, Gk. κοινωνία] of the bodie of Christ?] 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 4 We goe..to our Parishe Churche, where we heare our Curate, and receaue the blessed Communion. c1581 in J. V. Holleran Jesuit Challenge (1999) (modernized text) 132 Do you hold that if one eat your communion worthily, that then he shall be saved? 1631 S. Rutherford Lett. (1863) I. xiv. 67 Unacquainted with the day of our Communion. 1650 J. Lamont Diary 19 May (1830) 17 The communion was giuen att the church of Largo. 1687 J. Evelyn Diary (1955) IV. 543 The Communion follow'd, at which I was participant. 1737 R. Challoner Catholick Christian Instructed v. 66 After the Communion of the Priest in the Mass, such of the People as are to communicate go up to the Rail before the Altar. a1770 J. Jortin Serm. (1771) V. xiii. 293 The Church of Rome gives the Communion in one kind. 1800 H. Hudson tr. J.-H. Castéra Life Catherine II vii. 325 The wretched archbishop..conjured his assassins to permit him to ascend to the altar, to receive the communion once more. 1838 W. Ware Probus II. viii. 77 They..were received to the arms of the church and even to the communion of the body and blood of our Lord. 1869 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) III. 15 Communion in both kinds was certainly usual at this time. 1891 N.E.D. at Eulogia The unconsecrated bread remaining after communion, blessed by the priests and given to the non-communicants. 1947 M. E. Boylan This Tremendous Lover (new ed.) xi. 166 Here in Holy Communion we have our Creator, our prototype, coming to unite us to Himself. 1975 J. Cheever Jrnls. (1991) 308 He is the same priest..who gave me Communion when I was last thought to be dying. 2007 Church Times 13 Apr. 19/3 The recovery of parish communion as the central and constituting liturgical event of the English parish. †b. An office or service for the celebration of the Eucharist. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > parts of service > communion ceremony > [noun] usage1536 communion1549 altar service1640 communion service1641 communion office1657 1549 Forme & Maner consecratyng Archebishoppes sig. C.ij Then shalbe song or saied, the Communion of the daie. 1555 J. Bale in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) III. App. xxxix. 108 They mock the rehearsal of Gods commandments, and of the epistles and gospels in our Communion, and say, they are misplaced. 1575 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 368 Y^e..Burgesses..shall yearly procure a communion or sermon to be made. c. Chiefly Roman Catholic Church. A versicle, psalm, or antiphon appointed to be sung or recited during the administration of the Eucharist, or immediately after the Agnus Dei. ΚΠ 1730 tr. C. Fleury Eccl. Hist. IV. xxxvii. 507 The Communion is sung, the Priest repeats the Prayer, which we call Post-Communion, and the deacon dismisses the Congregation. 1759 Office Holy Week (ed. 5) Pref. p. xv The Offertory, the Kiss of Peace, and the Antiphon, call'd the Communion, are omitted, because the Faithful did not receive the Blessed Eucharist at this Mass. 1853 D. Rock Church of our Fathers IV. 42 While the Eucharist was being distributed to the people, the choir sang the whole or part of a psalm, called, from that circumstance, the ‘communion’. 1951 M. L. Wolf Dict. Arts 176 The communion is part of the proper of the mass, and is appointed for the day on which the service is sung. 1994 Sunday Times (Nexis) 4 Sept. The Communion was originally an antiphonal chant with psalm-verse, but in the 12th century the psalm-verse disappeared. 4. A body of people united by common religious faith and rites; a church or denomination; an organized body professing one faith.Anglican communion: see Anglican adj. and n. Compounds. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > religion > a religion or church > [noun] churcheOE kirkc1175 spousea1200 lawa1225 lorea1225 religionc1325 faithc1384 sectc1386 seta1387 leara1400 hirselc1480 professiona1513 congregation1526 communion1553 schism1555 segregation1563 sex1583 hortus conclususa1631 confessiona1641 dispensation1643 sectary1651 churchship1675 cult1679 persuasion1732 denomination1746–7 connection1753 covenant1818 sectarism1821 organized religion1843 1553 J. Bale tr. S. Gardiner De Vera Obedientia sig. Dij^v Y^e churche of Englande..is iustlie to be called y^e churche, because it is a communion of christen people. 1565 J. Jewel Replie Hardinges Answeare i. 28 In this sense S. Hierome called S. Augustine a Bishop of his Communion: that is, of his Faithe: of his Minde: of his Doctrine: of his Religion. 1643 Earl of Newcastle Declar. in Answer of Six Groundlesse Aspersions by Ld. Fairefax 4 That I have in mine Army some of the Romish Communion I do not deny. 1692 P. Allix Remarks Eccl. Hist. Albigenses xxii. 220 In the Writings of the more honest Authors of the Romish Communion, such as Aeneas Sylvius. 1700 J. Astry tr. D. de Saavedra Fajardo Royal Politician II. 314 It is not allowable to kill or hate a Man of a different Communion. 1745 T. O'Brien Truth Triumphant Pref. p. ix They well deserve the Applause of all good Christians, and the blessings of those of the Catholick Communion in that Country. 1805 R. Parkinson Tour in Amer. ii. xxv. 457 In Alexandria there are churches of the English communion. 1846 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 II. xii. 570 The Scotch minister..according to the rules of his communion. 1875 P. G. Hamerton Intellect. Life (ed. 2) xi. i. 398 The clergy of their respective communions. 1955 G. Gorer Exploring Eng. Char. xiv. 251 All my respondents who claimed membership of any denomination were members of some Christian church or communion. 1990 R. Graham God's Dominion x. 225 The Canadian Church is among the few of the twenty-eight autonomous churches belonging to the world-wide Anglican Communion that have allowed the ordination of women. 5. The action of communicating; intercourse, interaction; conversation.In later use coloured by sense 2c.phatic communion: see phatic adj. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > conversation > [noun] speechc900 talec1000 speaka1300 reasonc1300 speakinga1325 counsela1350 intercommuningc1374 dalliancec1400 communication1419 communancec1449 collocutiona1464 parlour?c1475 sermocination1514 commona1529 dialogue?1533 interlocutiona1534 discourse1545 discoursing1550 conference1565 purposea1572 talk1572 interspeech1579 conversationa1586 devising1586 intercourse1596 intercommunication1603 eclogue1604 commercing1610 communion1614 negocea1617 alloquy1623 confariation1652 gob1681 gab1761 commune1814 colloquy1817 conversing1884 cross-talk1887 bull session1920 rap1957 1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. iii. §14. 62 The Israelites had neuer any communion or affaires with the Æthiopians. 1693 J. Ray Three Physico-theol. Disc. (ed. 2) i. iii. 18 No entercourse or Communion with the superiour or external Air. 1787 J. Fawcett Humble Attempt Syst. Conjugal Morality v. 83 Our communion and intercourse with our dearest friends, and nearest relations, may be intercepted by our misfortunes. 1834 W. A. Caruthers Cavaliers of Virginia I. 134 As the figures met they paused and seemed to hold communion for a time, and then pursued their way together. 1869 W. E. Gladstone Juventus Mundi iii. 95 Words..transported bodily out of the Greek into the Latin tongue after literary communion had begun. 1940 C. A. Werner Man may Dream iii. 26 He fancied they were holding whispered communion in a language of their own. 2003 Arena Aug. 110/2 The communion with his metallic partner completed he swings his leg over the bike and accelerates down the pit-lane. Phrases P1. communion of saints and variants: the fellowship or unity of all Christians, both alive and dead (cf. saint n. 3a); (also occasionally) the fellowship of Christians belonging to a particular church or denomination.An earlier term was communing of saints: see communing n. 1. ΚΠ c1440 S. Scrope tr. C. de Pisan Epist. of Othea (St. John's Cambr.) (1970) 44 He schulde haue singulere deuocion in the feithful holi chirche and in the communyon of seintes. a1475 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Godstow Nunnery (1905) i. 8 The communion of seyntis now for vs preith. a1530 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfeccyon (1531) iii. f. CCxviii^v The seconde [poynte] is, that there is communyon of sayntes. 1602 A. Copley Another Let. to Dis-iesuited Kinseman 30 Shun thou henceforward the Communion of Saints, hauing thus spet on a Challice which is the cup of life. 1715 C. Owen Plain-dealing i. 7 Tho' we locally separate, yet we hold the same Communion of Saints, as the Creed requires. 1773 J. Wesley Let. 9 May (1931) VI. 26 It has in all ages been allowed that the communion of saints extends to those in paradise as well as those upon earth. 1845 B. Disraeli Sybil I. ii. viii. 188 ‘He was tortured and hanged.’ ‘He is with the communion of saints,’ said the Religious. 1853 R. C. Trench On Lessons in Proverbs 125 The things of friends are in common. Where does this find its exhaustive fulfilment, but in the Communion of Saints? 1913 Times 4 Oct. 7/4 Christianity..learnt how to express that brotherhood which transcended all race divisions in its doctrine of the communion of saints. 1946 S. Hook Educ. for Mod. Man (1947) v. 71 The communion of saints is a great and inspiring assemblage, but it has only one possible hall of meeting, and that is, the present. 1995 Catholic Insight Apr. 3/3 Souls in purgatory..are united, as the Vatican Council teaches, with the pilgrim Church in the Communion of Saints. P2. letter of communion: a letter certifying the bearer to be in communion with a particular church. Similarly letters of communion. Cf. communicatory letters at communicatory adj. 1. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > religion > a religion or church > [noun] > membership in > certificate of letter of communion1585 communion lettera1711 1585 T. Bilson True Difference Christian Subiection ii. 157 Iohn Bishop of Constantinople, to whom or from whom Gregorie would in no wise send or accept letters of communion. 1638 J. Mede Churches 51 It should be given to those..unto whom the Bishops of Rome and Italy should send Letters of communion. 1697 in T. W. Marsh Some Rec. Early Friends Surrey & Sussex xiii. 118 This Meeting Desires William Garton and Josiah Garton to draw a letter of Communion and send it unto him [sc. William Penn]. 1746 W. Whiston Sacred Hist. VI. xiii. 526 The African Bishops for awhile..ceased to send Letters of Communion to either of the two Parties. 1840 W. Palmer Apostolical Jurisdict. xvi. 205 The eastern church does not send letters of communion to the Roman churches. 1981 Phoenix 35 243 Rufinus left Rome before the death of Pope Siricius, from whom he obtained a letter of communion. 2007 Patriot News (Harrisburg, Pa.) (Nexis) 25 May g1 The letters of Communion given by one bishop were a warrant that merited acceptance wherever Christians gathered. Compounds C1. a. General attributive (chiefly in sense 3a).Some of the more established compounds are treated separately at Compounds 1c. See also communion table n. ΚΠ 1549 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16267) Svpper of the Lorde f. cxxx^v In the Communion tyme the Clarkes shall syng. 1613 L. Bayly Practise of Pietie (ed. 3) 601 If it be a Communion day, draw neere to the Lords Table, in the Wedding Garment of a faithfull and penitent heart, to be partaker of so holy a banquet. a1741 E. Cairns Mem. (1762) 101 The Lord's supper was to be administered, this of all other ordinances was the sweetest to me through the former part of my life, it is neither necessary, nor is it possible for me to mark down what I have met with in and about communion-times. ?1781 T. Pentycross Serm. Speculative, Pract., & Exper. xx. 426 Each condemned malefactor is brought to the bar, as it were, of the communion-place, and pronounced..free from punishment. 1857 Times 23 Mar. 10/1 At the communion time the table..shall stand in the body of the church, or chancel, where morning and evening prayer is appointed to be said. 1886 J. Banvard Plymouth & Pilgrims 164 The Sabbath being communion day, they partook of the ordinance of the supper. 1890 J. R. Lowell Writings 162 The Grail itself were crockery cheap To Every-day's communion-platter. 1960 G. R. Cragg Church & Age of Reason vi. 86 The ‘communion season’ brought together enormous crowds of worshippers and..lasted for days. 1995 P. Conroy Beach Music (1996) xviii. 294 At Communion time I followed my mother up to the rail. 2008 South Bend (Indiana) Tribune (Nexis) 10 Jan. d1 ‘Take this bread, it is my body.’ That part of the Communion liturgy really speaks to me. b. attributive. spec. Relating to or used for a child's first communion (see first communion n. at first adj., adv., and n.² Compounds 1b(b)). ΚΠ 1860 B. Stow Year of Grace v. 63 A minister was astonished to hear a woman of his charge..repeat with great feeling and accuracy the instructions of a communion class at which he had labored about thirty years before. 1898 Cent. Mag. July 387/1 The little girl in the white communion dress symbolized that faith which is blind. 1931 Victoria (Texas) Daily Advocate 23 Mar. 2/3 The spectacle of the girls in immaculate white and communion veil and the boys in dark communion suit march slowly and solemnly into the church, each with communion candle in hand. 1952 Times 28 July 8/4 It is not with the first communion of a small girl with which the [film] director..is concerned; rather is it with the communion dress of the small girl and of the efforts of her father to see that she gets it in time. 1991 Party & Paper Retailer (Nexis) 1 Nov. 42 Communion gifts are not typically expensive. Symbolic jewelry (cross-and-chain) might be given by the parents or Godparents. 2007 Sunday Times (Nexis) 13 May 9 Increasing numbers of parents are spending thousands of euros on elaborate celebrations for their seven- and eight-year-old First Communicants... Hotels and restaurants were booked up for communion parties. c. communion bread n. ΚΠ 1565 J. Jewel Replie Hardinges Answeare i. 2 To poyson some bodie, as Henry the Emperour was poysoned in the communion bread. 1605 T. Sparke Brotherly Perswasion (1607) 10 The order of Geneua touching their communion bread. 1752 F. Warner Rational Def. Eng. Reformation xiii. 185 The communion bread is his body, not living, but dead in our stead. 1889 Harper's Mag. Aug. 335/2 The preparation of the communion bread, which is leavened, and in the form of a small loaf, is very complex. 1999 A. E. McGrath Reformation Thought (ed. 3) ii. 36 Christ's presence in the communion bread is purely spiritual. communion office n. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > parts of service > communion ceremony > [noun] usage1536 communion1549 altar service1640 communion service1641 communion office1657 1657 J. Taylor Coll. Offices sig. e8 If upon Communion days, the morning Prayer and the Communion Office be not read at one time [etc.]. 1721 J. Strype Eccl. Memorials III. xxxi. 243 They thought it not convenient to have the Ten Commandments, the Epistles, and Gospels repeated in the Communion Office. 1855 F. Procter Hist. Bk. Common Prayer 145 The ceremonies revived in the new Communion Office were, The mixing of Water with the Wine,..and the Prayer of Oblation. 1999 S. B. Emsley St. Paul's in Grand Parade vi. 48 There is no Sung Eucharist, as the entire Communion Office is recited. communion service n. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > parts of service > communion ceremony > [noun] usage1536 communion1549 altar service1640 communion service1641 communion office1657 1641 Diurnall Occurr. 3 Nov. 1640–3 Nov. 1641 300 He..enioyned that every Minister after he had finished the reading of some part of morning Prayer, at the Desk, should..read at the said Table a part of the Communion Service, now commonly called the second Service. 1761 D. Hume Hist. Eng. to Henry VII I. 238 He had previously ordered, that the introit to the communion service should begin with these words, Princes sat and spake against me. 1843 J. Bird Let. 8 Aug. in J. Howse Gram. Cree Lang. (1844) p. xv The Rev. Mr. Smithurst has, by well studying your Grammar, been enabled to read the Communion Service. 1927 Times 4 Mar. 10/3 God Himself is the Preparer of hearts rightly to receive the benefits specially offered by Him in the Holy Communion service. 2004 Church Times 25 June 18/4 The existence of such a retable made it necessary for the clergy to celebrate the communion service in front of the holy table, facing away from the people. communion wafer n. ΚΠ 1725 S. Barrett Reply Catholick Answer 46 It must necessarily follow that the Communion-Wafer is the true living Body of Christ. 1856 C. L. Brace Home-life Germany xxxviii. 389 Very many were kneeling on the stone pavement in silent prayer, others..bowing before the altar to partake of the communion wafer. 1966 Times 7 May 8/3 (caption) A priest..demonstrating a machine which automatically delivers a communion wafer into a chalice when a coin is placed in the slot. 2000 M. Fletcher Silver Linings (2001) x. 293 Pilgrims,..apart from the occasional communion wafer are allowed just one meal of dry toast and black tea or coffee per day. communion wine n. ΚΠ 1592 in A. Palmer Tudor Churchwardens' Accts. (1985) 146 Paide for the communion wine at Easter xxvis id. 1785 S. Felton Expl. Sever. Hogarth's Prints 26 The wine-cup is not improperly placed near the clerk, who now and then very probably takes a sip of the communion wine. 1909 A. C. Flick Rise Mediaeval Church xiii. 286 The Greek Church gives and the Roman Church withholds the communion wine from the laity. 2007 Daily Mail (Nexis) 2 Nov. 7 Priests now fear that..taking Communion wine will put them over the limit when the latest stringent road safety measures come into force. C2. communion aisle n. Church History (chiefly Scottish) an aisle in a church containing the communion table for celebration of the Eucharist, and sometimes reserved for this purpose only. ΚΠ 1580 Protocol Bk. J. Scott (Edinb. Reg. House) f. 81^v To be present in the communion yle within the paroche kirk of Sanct Androis. 1642 in Select. Extracts Anc. Minutes Kirk-session of Kinghorn (1863) 41 A burriale place in the comunion yle of the church. 1838 C. J. Lyon Hist. St. Andrews vii. 114 Gladstones died in the spring of 1615, and was buried in the communion aisle of the parish church. 1906 Trans. Sc. Ecclesiological Soc. 1905–6 249 One of the old plans of the church shews a small chapel on the west side of the communion aisle. 2005 J. R. Hume Scotl.'s Best Churches 51 Internally, one of the arms of the cross was certainly a Communion aisle. communion board n. a communion table (cf. board n. 6). ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > division of building (general) > altar > [noun] > communion table altarOE God's boarda1200 boardc1200 communion table1549 table1550 communion board1553 altela1555 1553 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 395 A benche yat went Rownd abowt y^e comvnyon boorde. 1588 W. Allen Admon. to Nobility & People 14 The Idoll of her prophane communion borde. a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1959) V. 148 The Religion of the Church holds a stubborne Recusant at the table, at the Communion bord, as farre from her, as a Recusant at the Pew. 1735 R. Challoner Short Hist. Protestant Relig. iv. 49 Leaving only one Chalice, with certain Table-cloths for the Use of the Communion Board. 1872 C. A. Bartol Radical Probl. ix. 228 American religion takes it as bread and wine from the communion-board. 1938 E. I. Fripp Shakespeare I. ii. 37 A communion ‘board’ was substituted for the altar. 2005 F. Heal Reformation in Brit. & Ireland x. 442 Parishioners overcame any earlier aversion to moving into the chancel and gathering round the communion board. communion book n. a book containing the order of service for Holy Communion. ΚΠ 1559 Seconde Volume of Fabians Chronicle in Chronicle of Fabian (new ed.) sig. BBB.i^v The Englishe Seruice and the Communion boke was derogated, and disanulled, and a generalle submission..made to the sea of Roome. a1640 J. Ball Answer to Iohn Can (1642) ii. 7 What hath beene their seeking from time to time? a razing of the communion booke! No. 1711 J. Toland High-Church Display'd 269 The reviewing the Liturgy and the Communion-Book was refer'd to a select number. 1890 Times 7 Feb. 13/1 That was ordered in the Communion Book of Edward VI, which preceded the first Prayer book. 1983 Burlington Mag. May 263/2 Two gilt vessels from the college..were saved in 1648, and with two Communion books were handed over to Dr John Dale. communion cloth n. a cloth used at the celebration of the Eucharist; esp. a cloth for the communion table. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > cloths, carpets, cushions > cloth (general) > altar cloth > [noun] altar clotha1200 towel?1284 riddelc1380 communion cloth1573 1573 Aldeburgh Rec. in Notes & Queries (1920) 18 Sept. 226/1 For vi yards of Locram for a comonion cloth. 1631 J. Weever Anc. Funerall Monuments 49 An ore-worne Communion-cloth. 1727 J. Leng Serm. 42 Which Present is a plain Purple Communion Cloth, a Pulpit Cloth and Cushion. 1866 J. Purchas & F. G. Lee Directorium Anglicanum (ed. 3) 353 Communion cloth or Houseling cloth is a white linen cloth spread over the rails at the time of the Communion. 1939 S. K. Padover Life & Death Louis XVI xxvii. 328 Abbé Edgeworth's list called for a crucifix, a missal, a chalice, a communion cloth and pall. 2007 Huntsville (Alabama) Times (Nexis) 24 Aug. 1d They asked for designs for communion cloths, pulpit and lectern hangings, Bible markers and two ministerial stoles. communion cup n. a cup used for the wine at the celebration of the Eucharist.Sometimes used in preference to chalice in some churches after the Reformation. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > implement (general) > vessel (general) > cup > [noun] chalicec1000 vessel1340 cupc1449 communion cup1550 ciboire1640 ciboriuma1684 1550 Churchwardens' Accts. St Margaret's, Westminster in Illustr. Antient Times Eng. (1797) 13 The silver..which was delivered to Robert Tayleboys,..for to make thereof IV communion cups. 1565 J. Jewel Replie Hardinges Answeare xiv. 504 An other Iulian President of the East..in like despite of Christe, sate vpon the Holy Communion Cuppes. 1643 Earl of Newcastle Declar. in Answer of Six Groundlesse Aspersions by Ld. Fairefax 8 Their Chalices, or Communion Cupps (let them [sc. the Parliamentarians] call them what they will). 1706 R. Hamersley Advice to Sunday Barbers 16 They may as well steal the Communion Cup from off the Lord's Table, as to steal any part of the Lord's Day. 1850 H. Martineau Let. 10 Dec. in C. Brontë Lett. (2000) II. 527 How wd. the Church of England like to see the street-folk..throwing their Communion cups about, & making the Lord's prayer into doggerel. 1929 Times 8 Apr. 19/3 Sanction to dispose of a communion cup in their possession for $15,000 has been refused. 2007 Church Times 24 Aug. 23/3 Refashioned Elizabethan communion cups made in the first decade of the new Church of England. communion letter n. now historical = letter of communion at Phrases 2. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > religion > a religion or church > [noun] > membership in > certificate of letter of communion1585 communion lettera1711 a1711 T. Ken Hymnarium 135 in Wks. (1721) II. He no Communion-Letters could pretend, Which mov'd the Angel Entrance to suspend. 1956 A. Fremantle Papal Encyclicals i. 23 These letters were called ‘peace’ or ‘communion’ letters, because they served to prove that the bearer belonged to the communion and was allowed to receive the Eucharist. 1996 J. A. Otto & L. M. Maloney tr. K. Schatz Papal Primacy i. iv. 17 Anyone who could present such a communion letter was accepted into the new community as a Christian. communion plate n. the vessels used for the celebration of the Eucharist, usually made of precious metals; cf. plate n. 2. ΚΠ 1647 J. Barwick Querela Cantabrigiensis 18 And at another Colledge the Communion-Plate was most sacrilegiously seized upon and taken away from the very Communion Table. 1704 W. Kennett Case of Impropriations 299 He has adorned the Quire of this Church, and nobly Augmented the Furniture of the Communion-Plate. 1879 Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. 8 352 At the Mohawk settlement on the Grand River they still preserve the silver communion plate, the gifts of Her Majesty Queen Anne. 1932 R. Macaulay They were Defeated ii. 148 The beautiful chapel.., its candlesticks and gilded communion plate. 2005 Coventry Evening Tel. (Nexis) 4 July 14 A relative..donated the silver communion plate to the church that still serves congregations at Stoke. communion rail n. the rail in front of the communion table in some churches, the altar-rail. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > division of building (general) > altar rail > [noun] parclose1387 rail1637 sept1640 communion rail1662 1662 A. Brome Rump (new ed.) i. 209 Now the Directory jostles Christ out oth' Church and his Apostles; And tears down the Communion rayles, That men may take it on their tayles. 1742 Defoe's Tour Great Brit. (ed. 3) III. ii. 63 There are no very remarkable Monuments in this Church, except one of Archbishop Sands, which is within the Communion Rails. 1847 Baroness Bunsen in A. J. C. Hare Life & Lett. Baroness Bunsen (1879) II. iii. 97 Knelt by the Communion-rails of Westbury Church. 1935 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 41 167 Society women will kneel beside Negro women at the communion rail before High Church Episcopalian altars. 2007 Chicago Tribune (Nexis) 24 Dec. (State & Regional News) Plans also include installing a communion rail around the altar. communion Sunday n. a Sunday on which communion is celebrated.In common use in England until the late 19th-cent. revival of weekly celebration of communion in the Church of England. ΚΠ 1619 D. Calderwood Perth Assembly 83 Every communion sunday is a passion holy day. 1703 M. Simson Short Char. Presbyterian Spirit 14 I my self have seen, upon Sundays, yea Communion Sundays, publick Eating & Drinking, at Kirk-yard preachings. 1853 C. M. Yonge Heir of Redclyffe I. xviii. 295 It was a Communion Sunday. 1948 R. M. Lovett All our Years i. 16 He was a deacon in the church and passed the contribution box and the bread and wine on Communion Sundays. 2008 Gazette (Montreal) (Nexis) 9 Mar. a14 A long procession of the congregation to St. John's Church on Gosford St...became a familiar sight in Montreal on communion Sundays. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.a1382
随便看	yelper yelpers yelping yelpings yelps yelt yelting yelts yelve yemassee yemassees yeme yemeleaschipe yemeles yemelesliche yemelest yemelich yemeni yemenite yemer yeming yemsel yen yen hock yen hop