| 释义 |
cometn. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: Latin comēta; Latin comētēs; French comete. Etymology: In Old English < classical Latin comēta (see below); subsequently reborrowed < (i) Anglo-Norman comete, commete and Old French, Middle French comete (Middle French also comette, commecte; French comète ) comet (12th cent.), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin comētēs (also comēta) luminous body in the sky having a train or tail < ancient Greek κομήτης luminous body in the sky having a train or tail, use as noun (short for ἀστὴρ κομήτης , lit. ‘long-haired star’) of κομήτης wearing long hair < κομᾶν to wear the hair long ( < κόμη hair of the head, tail of a comet: see comous adj.) + -της, suffix forming agent nouns. Compare Old Occitan comete, Spanish cometa (1259), Portuguese cometa (1344), Italian cometa (1321).In Middle English and early modern English, the post-classical Latin phrase stella cometa (from 8th cent. in British sources) occurs frequently in an English context, as does stella comata (from 13th cent. in British sources), the second element of which is etymologically distinct, but ultimately related (see comate adj.); occasional use of comata as noun in this sense is also attested. Compare: ▸ a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1876) VI. 135 Stella comata [L. stella cometa] is a sterre wiþ a liȝt blasynge crest above, and evere bodeþ pestilence, deþ, and werre.a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 176 A sterre þei clepe comata, directing his bemes rite onto Frauns.a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. ccxxvii. f. cxlix The starre called stella cometa, or ye blasynge starre.1581 J. Maplet Diall Destiny f. 35 The matter whereof if it be grosser in ye midst, and thinner on the furthermore and outeward sides, it appeareth after the manner of hayre, or as the Horses mane: & is called Stella Comata. With post-classical Latin stella cometa and Middle French l'estelle comete (1378) compare Old English cometa se steorra (see quot. OE3 at sense 1a(a)) and Middle English comet sterre (see quot. 1440 at sense 1a(a)); compare also faxed star n. at faxed adj.1 Compounds. Occasionally, in such early uses, it seems to be implied that the word is the name of a particular star rather than a term for a type of celestial object. Compare also shagged adj.1 1b, shaggy adj. 1f. In Old English the word inflects as a weak masculine; also occasionally used with Latin case inflections. With sense 2 compare French comète (1701 or earlier in this sense). 1. a. the world > the universe > constellation > comet or meteor > comet > [noun] OE Ælfric (Cambr. Gg.3.28) xvii. 173 Eac an cometa ofer ealne gear scean mid egeslicum lige, æfre byrnende. OE (Tiber. B.iv) anno 729 Her æteowdan twegen cometan. OE (Tiber. B.iv) anno 1066 Sume men cwedon þat hit cometa se steorra wære, þone sume men hatað þone fæxedon steorran. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon (Calig.) (1978) l. 8917 Þa isehȝen heo feorre ænne sel-cuðe sterre..of him comen leomen igast-liche scinen. þe steorre is ihate a Latin comete [Fr. cumete ot nun sulunc clergie]. c1325 (c1300) (Calig.) 11406 A sterre wiþ a launce, þat comete icluped is. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. viii. xx. 497 Cometa is a sterre biclippid wiþ brennynge glemes [perhaps read lemes]. c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. xv. l. 97 Clerkes knewen the comete and comen with here presentes. (Harl. 221) 89 Comet sterre, or blasynge sterre, cometa. a1513 R. Fabyan (1516) I. ccxlvi. f. clxviiv A great Comete or blasyng Starre, the whiche The Frenshe men with also the foresayde Eclypce, they adiudged for Pronostiquykys & tokens of the Kynges deth. c1550 (1979) vi. 46 Ane sterne..callit ane comeit quhen it is sene, ther occurris haistyly eftir it sum grit myscheif. 1584 G. Peele i. iii. sig. Aiij The waterie flowers and lillies on the bankes, Like blazing cometes burgen all in rankes. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) i. i. 2 Comets importing change of Times and States, Brandish your crystall Tresses in the Skie. View more context for this quotation 1665 (Royal Soc.) 1 105 This motion is Conical and..by the Conick path all the Phænomena of Comets can be readily solved. 1688 R. Holme ii. 42/2 A Comett is the Embassador of some extraordinary matter. 1705 tr. E. Halley 21 There are many Things which make me believe that the Comet which Apian observ'd in the Year 1531, was the same with that which Kepler and Longomontanus took Notice of and describ'd in the Year 1607, and which I my self have seen return, and observ'd in the Year 1682. 1727 J. Thomson 9 He too, unbaffle'd in his Aim, pursu'd The Comet thro' the long Elliptic Curve. 1743 E. Young 40 Hast thou ne'er seen the Comet's flaming Flight? 1857 D. Livingstone i. 10 In going north again, a comet blazed on our sight, exciting the wonder of every tribe we visited. 1868 W. Lockyer & J. N. Lockyer tr. A. Guillemin (ed. 3) 269 It is now proved that most of the observed comets, if not all, form part of the solar system. 1930 J. H. Jeans (ed. 2) iv. 251 Other conspicuous swarms of shooting-stars also move in the tracks of comets. 1951 ‘J. Wyndham’ i. 25 'S that bloody comet... Thash what done it. 1990 Nov. 17/3 Today, amateurs are discovering comets and supernovas, identifying double stars, counting sunspots, and recording meteor showers. 2012 B. Evans 198 The comet..was little more than a diffuse point of light, moving slowly north-westward in the constellation of Hydra. 1759 30 Apr. 423/1 It had a short broad tail in a direction opposite the Sun; as Dr. Halley's Comet ought to have; being much fore shortened. 1867 J. F. W. Herschel (1871) 138 Donati's comet, if the computists are right, will return in 2100 years. 1888 43 130 Huggins's photograph of the spectrum of Comet Wells, taken with a wide slit. 1986 (Nexis) 14 Mar. a1 The European spacecraft Giotto caught the first pictures ever taken of the surface of Halley's comet last night. 1994 (Nexis) 17 July 2 At about 9.15pm last night, the first of 21 fragments of the comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 collided with Jupiter. 2012 D. W. MacDougal xxviii. 391 It soon became evident that Comet Lovejoy C/2011 W3 would be a ‘sungrazer’.., coming within a hair's-breadth 200,000 km of the Sun's scorching surface. 1579 G. Fenton tr. F. Guicciardini xx. 1182 He seemed to bring certayne predictions and comettes of his death. 1608 Bp. J. Hall i. 62 He is [the good Magistrate]..the refuge of innocencie, the Comet of the guiltie. 1680 J. Hinckley 266 Other Malignant Influences, which the sad Comet of a Toleration sheds abroad. 1792 W. Payne Let. 8 Sept. in A. Young (1793) 19 30 The blazing eccentric comets of the political hemisphere. 1797–1803 J. Foster Jrnl. in (1846) I. iii. 173 Regret that interesting ideas and feelings are the comets of the mind; they transit off. 1816 Ld. Byron Churchill's Grave in 32 I stood beside the grave of him who blazed The comet of a season. 1878 J. R. Seeley I. ii. vii. 332 The lurid comet of Napoleon's fortune seemed likely to become a fixed star in the heavens. 1917 ‘R. Dehan’ 116 M. de Voltaire—that high-blazing comet of the social and intellectual heavens. 2007 (Nexis) 20 Mar. He was a flaming comet of a composer. He matured early, flared brilliantly and died before he was 20 years old. society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > other card games > [noun] > others 1685 E. Bedingfield Let. 1 Jan. in 12th Rep. Hist. MSS Comm. App. Pt. V: MSS Duke of Rutland (1889) II. 85 in (C. 5889-II) XLIV. 393 Comette now reigns, though Bassette still keeps in creditt at her Grace of Portsmouth. 1689 T. Shadwell i. i. 4 Conversation that savours somewhat of Gallantry, mix'd now and then with Ombre, Crimp, Comet, or Incertain. 1693 T. Southerne iii. i. 31 You have won above 600 l. of her at Comet. 1742 H. Walpole Let. 28 Aug. in (1954) XVIII. 36 The evenings..Lady Mary, Miss Leneve and I play at comet. 1764 B. De Zuylen Let. 18 June in F. A. Pottle (1952) 303 I played comet. 1838 R. Southey V. 46 The Game of Hoc, the Reverse, the Beast, the Cuckoo and the Comet. 1864 27 Aug. 269/2 His Majesty gave his countenance to the Comet-game, otherwise called Manille. 1904 O. Colville iv. 105 Another drawing-room game was Comet, played with cards and a board, and probably with dice. 1990 D. Parlett 5 Such defunct but classic games as Hoc, Comet, Pope Joan, and Yellow Dwarf. the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Apodiformes > [noun] > family Trochilidae (humming-bird) > genus Sappho 1852 J. Gould (1861) III. Pl. 174 (heading) Cometes sparganurus. The Sappho Comet. 1901 E. Selous viii. 133 Another Humming-bird—the Sappho Comet—is about the same size as the last one, and he is a lovely gleaming green. 1961 26 Sept. 14/3 The sappho comet is one of the numerous hummers of the Andes. He is rosy red with green wings and a long, streaming tail of glistening copper. 2010 T. S. Schulenberg et al. (rev. ed.) 242 Bronze-tailed and Gray-bellied comets are much drabber [than the Bearded Mountaineer]. Compounds1835 R. Southey III. 218 Miller talked to him of Miss Herschel's performances in sky-sweeping and comet-hunting. 1884 R. A. Proctor in Aug. 113 I have elsewhere..given the details for certain cases which have been regarded as among the most satisfactory illustrations of the comet-capturing ways of the giant planets. 1976 W. R. Bennett v. 249 See if you can demonstrate the inverse (comet-capturing) process to the Pioneer 10 journey illustrated in Fig. 5-25. 1979 J. Muirden (ed. 4) xxii. 395 The aim in designing a telescope for comet-seeking should be, primarily, width of field and light grasp. 1997 Dec. 103 Puff Daddy has mutated into a monster bigger than hip hop, bigger than rock ‘n’ roll, bigger than comet-worshipping cults and Bigfoot sightings. 2015 (Nexis) 23 Jan. (Early ed.) (City section) a11 A comet-watching event organized by the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada for Friday..has been cancelled because of the bad weather. C2. the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > wine > French wines > [noun] > Bordeaux red 1828 2 Feb. (advt.) The celebrated ‘Comet’ claret of 1811. 1864 G. Meredith II. xxxiii. 216 There's seven bottles of my porrt, and there's eleven of champagne, and some comut clar't. 1979 P. Glazebrook vi. 108 Most fellows in my shoes would insist on..Comet-claret at two guineas the bottle every night of their lives! 1612 R. Daborne iv. sig. Fv Forgiuenesse Voada: turne backe thy comet-eyes. 1693 J. Dryden tr. Juvenal in J. Dryden et al. tr. Juvenal x. 212 Her Comet-Eyes she darts on ev'ry Grace. 1795 42 Her comet eyes, that shone so bright, grew dim. 1997 J. Schumacher 148 Looking right and then left with his round comet eyes, his blue-gray craters. 1843 1 Apr. 82/2 The thousands of star-gazers with all their improved telescopes and comet-finders. 1845 A. De Morgan v. 57 A star which, though he cannot see it, has thus served as the medium of communication between him and the comet-finder. 1903 Aug. 190/2 Alphonse Borrelly..achieved distinction as a comet finder a generation ago. 2009 B. Weisheit in G. D. Roth v. 115 The manually pointed comet finder or Dobsonian telescope. the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > wine > German wines > [noun] > hock the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > wine > class or grade of wine > [noun] > high class or grade > wines of specific vintages 1829 14 Mar. (advt.) Claret, Burgundy, Hermitage, Comet Hock. 1843 W. M. Thackeray Ravenswing vii, in Sept. 323/2 I have some comet-hock. 1901 H. Murray 242 To take alternate swigs of comet hock and unsweetened gin. 2011 (Nexis) 18 Sept. 28 Vintages..were excellent in that year [sc. 1811]. One German wine was called ‘comet hock’ after the comet. 1823 J. Griscom I. 151 He [sc. Sir William Herschel] has one in his yard of about 5 feet in length, with a large aperture, which he calls his comet hunter. 1834 Sept. 331/1 Sir, I am no foe to science; but I had rather have one cook than all the star-gazers and comet-hunters in Europe. 1910 D. Todd 4 Messier was living at this time [sc. 1758], the greatest comet hunter of France or any other country. 1970 80 178 He said that Mr Honda, the famous comet-hunter, was an amateur in his fifties. 2006 169 287/2 Using his own experiences as a comet hunter, Levy has identified 378 bright objects that can be seen even in a light-polluted night sky. 1900 8 102 In August and early in September the comet nucleus was very sharp. 1969 79 270 (table) A nebulous patch like a comet nucleus. 2010 D. A. Rothery i. 24 The outer satellites of giant planets are..probably captured bodies that began as asteroids, TNOs [= trans-Neptunian objects], or comet nuclei. the world > the universe > cosmology > science of observation > astronomical instruments > observational instruments > [noun] > telescope 1819 24 July 474/1 A similar but smaller telescope is near at hand, and also an instrument which he [sc. Herschel] calls the Comet-seeker. 1924 G. E. Hale ii. 46 He [sc. E. E. Barnard] speaks especially of a remarkable dark spot..which appeared in his 5-inch comet-seeker as one of the most impressive objects in the Milky Way. 2000 J. R. Greene 6/2 [The observatory] housed an eight-inch Alvin Clark telescope, a three-inch reversible transit, a comet seeker, a chronograph, and a chronometer. 1877 W. F. Denning in 2 275 That..seems to profess a knowledge that we have not nearly acquired of the vast mechanism of comet strewn space. 1981 J. Uris & L. Uris 35 Consider the blazing oranges and muted purples of the desert sunset seguéing into a star-filled, comet-strewn night. 2013 (Nexis) 19 Oct. a1 If you've got the time, you can linger in the..comet-strewn Kuiper Belt out by Neptune. 1675 E. Sherburne in tr. M. Manilius App. 212 (table) And so the whole Comet Tayl, and Chevelure taken altogether, took up no more than three or four Minutes of a Degree. 1759 May 247/1 Its huge spire [sc. mast]..From which a bloody pendant stretch'd afar Its comet-tail, denouncing ample war. 1898 23 Sept. 398/1 It was not until the study of the peculiarities of comet tails with portrait lenses that we knew anything of the strange phenomena shown by them. 1986 (Festive Issue) 57/1 Panning across lights at night produced the usual comet-tails. 1992 May 93/1 A Chinese book of the Han records on silk 27 types of comet tail and what each brings as an omen. 2005 June 107/1 The Monaro slithers and snakes in fine style,..kicking up a comet tail of choking ochre dust. the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > wine > class or grade of wine > [noun] > high class or grade > wines of specific vintages 1819 2 Feb. (advt.) Five Pipes of excellent and highly flavoured Port, of the Comet Vintage, 1812. 1860 C. Dickens Uncommercial Traveller in 5 May 87/1 He has the moist and vinous look..of one acquainted with 'Twenty port, and comet vintages. 2008 B. Wallace (2009) xii. 171 An empty Cognac bottle from the 1811 Comet vintage. 1817 J. Banks 26 Sept. (2000) 331 They are now all drinking Comet-wine. 1912 27 Apr. 30/4 A ver' leetle of a comet wine. 2000 P. Moore xiv. 233/1 For years afterwards ‘Comet Wine’ appeared in the price lists of wine merchants. the world > the universe > constellation > comet or meteor > comet > [noun] > year in which notable comet has appeared 1817 J. Banks 26 Sept. (2000) 331 In France there has been no good Vintage since the Comet year. 1871 M. Collins I. v. 159 Château Lafitte, of the comet-year. 1998 T. van Nouhuys v. 213 The two comet years of 1577 and 1618. Derivatives 1828 Apr. 203 The heat had been brought again to a suitable temperature,—or, as my friend would have had it, was carried off comet-wise. 1848 P. J. Bailey (ed. 3) 207 A sword of fire Curved comet-wise. 1916 May 932/2 An odd thought flashed comet-wise across her mind. 1928 C. J. Davisson in 306 1145 The electron will..be swung about comet-wise, and sent flying out of the metal without loss of energy. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.OE |
