| 释义 |
commissaryn.1 Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin commissarius. Etymology: < post-classical Latin commissarius delegate, commissioner (frequently from 13th cent. in British sources; 14th cent. in continental sources), delegate appointed by a bishop, especially to perform judicial functions (frequently from 13th cent. in British (including Scottish) sources), (in academic context) delegate exercising the jurisdiction of a chancellor (from late 13th cent. in British sources), parliamentary representative of a burgh (mid 15th cent. in Scottish sources) < classical Latin commiss- , past participial stem of committere commit v. + -ārius -ary suffix1. Compare Anglo-Norman commissaire , commissarie , commisser , comessare delegate (late 13th cent. or earlier), bishop's representative (c1300 or earlier), vice-chancellor of Oxford University (a1312 or earlier), Old French, Middle French, French commissaire (in Middle French also as commissere , commissare , commissier ) temporary deputy, delegate, or judge (1310), military official responsible for musters, salaries, or provisions (1437), permanent delegate, official (1538), police officer (16th cent.), organizer of or official at an event (19th cent.); compare slightly earlier commissaire n. Compare also Spanish comisario (1383), Portuguese comissario (1513), Italian commissario (1293), Middle Dutch, Dutch commissaris (1353), early modern German commissari (1427), German Kommissar , also ( < French) †Commissair , Kommissär (18th cent.). Compare also later commissioner n., commis n., and commissar n.With γ. forms compare -our suffix. With ε. forms compare -ier suffix. A number of forms show overlap with those found in Anglo-Norman or Middle French, and it is possible that the word also reflects some borrowing from these sources. In sense 7 after French commissaire de police (1771). In sense 8 after Russian komissar commissar n. Compare commissionary n. 2. With sense 5c compare earlier commissariat n. 2b. society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > clerical superior > bishop > bishop's officials > [noun] > commissary c1390 (a1376) W. Langland (Vernon) (1867) A. ii. l. 154 Paulines peple for playntes in Constorie Schal seruen my-self, þat Siuile hette; Let Cart-sadele vr Commissarie [c1400 Trin. Cambr. R.3.14 comissare] vr Cart he schal drawe. c1400 (c1378) W. Langland (Laud 581) (1869) B. xv. l. 234 (MED) In þe constorie bifor þe comissarie he cometh nouȝt ful ofte. 1421 in G. W. Kitchin (1907) 170 (MED) Ye Bisshop of Duram..ye Abbot of Seynt Mari Abbay of York, yt wer comissare of my lorde ye Archebisshop of York in yt convocacion. c1475 Antichrist & Disciples in J. H. Todd (1851) p. cxxv (MED) Take we heede to þe popes & cardinals..delegates & commyssaries. 1533 T. More xlvii. f. 263v A preste taken for heresye, and in the commyssaryes handes. 1555 in R. Pitcairn (1833) I. 378 Comperit alsua Sir William Bannatyne, chaplane, as commissar to the Archebischope of Glasgw. 1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe iii. f. 391v How he dare also affirme that such men are not otherwise to be dispensed withall, then by his Bulles of Pardons and his deputary Commissaryes. 1621 D. Calderwood i. 12 No mediate appellation is heire from one to a Provinciall Synode, or Nationall, but from the Archdeacon, or his officiall, to the Bishop: from the Bishop or his Commissary, to the Archbishop [etc.]. a1661 T. Fuller (1662) Essex 336 He was..a singular good Advocate, Chancellour of Ely, Commissary of Sudberry and Westminster. 1726 J. Ayliffe 160 The Commissaries of Bishops, whose Authority is only in some certain Place of the Diocess, and in some certain Causes of the Jurisdiction limited to them by the Bishop's Commission. 1792 D. Lysons II. 10 This parish is subject to the jurisdiction of the bishop only, and his commissary. 1856 J. A. Froude I. 183 We can then imagine what England must have been with an archdeacon's commissary sitting constantly in every town; exercising an undefined jurisdiction over general morality. 1875 Nov. 602 The presidents were the ‘commissaries’ or representatives of the bishops in the colony. 1907 Apr. 40 The Commissary for the Bishop of St. John's is able to report that two of our Scottish Priests have offered to go out to Kaffraria. 1976 C. I. A. Ritchie v. 157 How indeed could they be recognized as commissaries of a bishop, when there was no bishop resident in America? 2013 (Nexis) 9 Jan. 18 He has been named as the Commissary by the Bishop and he is licensed for the next 12 months. society > authority > delegated authority > one having delegated or derived authority > [noun] > one to whom a commission is given α. 12 Concl. Lollards (Trin. Hall Cambr.) in (1907) 22 301 (MED) Þei seyn þat he ben commissariis [L. commissarios] of God to deme of euery synne. c1450 tr. G. Deguileville (Cambr.) (1869) 79 Of this pleyn power we yiven yow and maken you commissarye. a1513 R. Fabyan (1516) II. f. clviii Chosen and deputed specyall commyssaries by the thre astatis of this present Parlyament. a1631 J. Donne (1633) 3 Great Destiny the commissary of God, That has mark'd out a path and period For every thing. 1651 N. Bacon xiii. 117 [They] declared themselves by their Commissaries, to be the three States, and Representative of the People of England. 1683 ii. 21 A Declaration was published, requiring that there should be a Papist Commissary in their Synods. 1763 J. O. Colsworthy Let. 4 May in (1949) 152 I am the only Commissary that is now at Bremen. 1787 T. Jefferson Let. 28 Oct. in (1955) XII. 293 Commissaries are to be appointed on each side to see that the disarming takes place. 1842 F. Strong vi. 225 The right of cutting timber in the national forests is in future only to be granted to such individuals as receive a certificate of permission from the king's commissary. 1868 C. M. Yonge Cameos lxxxviii, in June 540 The nobles and prelates thronged thither, and the towns sent commissaries. 1919 79 We have to distinguish between..diplomatic representatives who carry on the formal conduct of the business..and..commissaries who have to do with the actual content of the treaty. 2013 M. R. Anderson xviii. 262 The King's commissary in Montréal, Jacob Jordan, would support the effort. 3. Scottish. 1424 in (2007) 1424/35 Item the commissaris of burrowis in the name of the haile merchandis of the realme. 1483 in J. D. Marwick (1870) I. 543 Thir ar the names of the burghis beyond Forth.., and the taxt of the samen modifiit be the commissaris of burghs. 1534 in J. D. Marwick (1871) II. 71 It is auisit..with the commissaris of the burrois of Dundie [etc.]..that all the burrois..sall send thair commissaris to this toun. 1574 in J. D. Marwick (1870) I. 29 The saidis commissaris takand the bourding vpoun thame, for thame selues and thair burrowis. 1612 in J. D. Marwick (1870) II. 346 The samine lands are possessit be the persons underwrittin,..videlicet..be Eduart Forrester commiser ane skair. 1690 T. S. 230 The Estate of Burroughs retired to the Commissaries Bench in the lower end of the Parliament house. 1428 in (2007) 1428/3/3 That of ilk sherefdome thare be sende [to Parliaments]..twa or ma wismen..the quhilk salbe callit commissaris of the schire. 1566 f. xviiv The quhilk salbe callit Commissaris of the Schire, and be thir Commissaris of all the Schiris salbe chosin ane wyse man and expert, callit the commoun speikar of the Parliament. 1614 J. Selden ii. vii. 287 Commissaries of euery Shrifdome, as our Knights of the Shire, sent to the Parlament. 1710 J. Spotiswood iii. 15 Two or moe wise Men..shall be sent to Parliament..and these were called Commissars of the Shire, but now Commissioners. 1834 W. Betham 219 It was not till the revolution of 1688, that the commissaries for the shires were formed into the second estate [in Scotland]. 1900 A. Lang I. xi. 300 The elected commissaries were to choose a Speaker, and the electors were to subscribe for the expenses of their representatives. 2006 (Nexis) 22 Aug. 4 The first baron of Logie became the commissary for Aberdeen in the Scottish Parliament and the second baron of Logie became Sheriff of Aberdeenshire. 4. society > education > educational administration > university administration > [noun] > chancellor or vice-chancellor 1431 W. Warbelton in H. Ellis (1827) 2nd Ser. I. 104 The said suppliant..sent his servaunts to the Chauncellor of Oxenford and his commissarie. 1530–1 Act 22 Hen. VIII c. 12 sig. Ciii, in Scholers of the vniuersities of Oxforde and Cambrydge that go about beggynge, not beyng authorysed..by the commissarye Chauncellour or vychancellour of the same. 1543 W. Turner sig. Bviv Doctor glin commissari of Cimbridge with hys other canonisticall canaanites. ?1625 F. Godwin 309 William Atwater..had beene Uicechancellour..or rather (as then the tearme was) Commissary of the Uniuersity of Oxford. 1691 A. Wood I. 548 In 1446, he being then in his Regency, he became one of the Commissaries of the University [there were three in succession in 1446]. 1721 tr. R. Parker Skeletos Cantabrigiensis in ii. viii. 222 All Scholers of Oxford and Cambridge going about begging, and not aucthorised..by the Commissarie..shall be taken among the nomber of Roges and sturdy Vagabonds. 1773 J. Pechell 192 This determination of the University, the vicechancellor or commissary, attended with certain gownsmen, carried to the King. 1878 J. T. Moore (ed. 2) 108 His [sc. the Chancellor's] powers are generally deputed to his Commissary, the Vice-Chancellor, whom he nominates annually from the Heads of the Colleges in turn. 1886 c. 31 Pream. The chancellor of the University of Oxford and his commissary (commonly called the vice-chancellor). 1984 M. B. Hackett in J. I. Catto et al. I. ii. 73 In virtue of his ordinary jurisdiction the chancellor could and did delegate his powers to a substitute known as his commissary; there were sometimes more than one. 1553 Let. 13 Sept. in S. Haynes (1740) 183 Letter from the Lordes to the Comissary of Cambridge, to delyver to William Carre, Merchaunt of Edinborogh, such Gooddes of his, by them staied upon Pretence of a Statute. 1586 in (1785) 467 Yearly hereafter Ms. vice-chancellor and commissary with such doctors as accompany them to make the proclamations shall..ride to the fair and there make their solemn proclamations on horse-back. 1616 O. Guinn et al. Let. 8 June in (1854) II. 262 Benjamen Prime, our under beadle, and common minister of this University,..hath lately sewed one Thomas Smarte, an alderman of the towne of Cambridge, before the comissary of the University. 1683 in F. Blomefield (1750) 37 Under this Stone is reserved all that was Earth of Anne the..Daughter of Rob. Twells LL.D. and Commissary to the University of Cambridge. 1774 S. Hallifax ix. 109 An Appeal from the Sentence, both of the Commissary and the Vice-Chancellor, is expressly given. 1797 139 The commissary is an officer under the chancellor, he is an assistant or assessor to the vice-chancellor in his court. 1827 J. M. F. Wright II. 172 A Commissary; to judge the University men, by laws founded on the laws of the land. 1852 I. 312 (note) In punishments the Proctors were Assessors to the Chancellor or his Commissary. 1901 27 Sept. 8/4 The office of commissary, vacant for some time, was filled up by the Chancellor by the appointment of Mr. J. F. P. Rawlinson K.C. 1970 M. B. Hackett v. 112 The commissary attended to the routine business of the chancellor's court and matters arising out of it. 2014 (Nexis) 31 July Lord Mackay currently sits in the House of Lords as Commissary to the University of Cambridge. 5. society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > officer according to function > [noun] > commissary 1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan i. xii. sig. Cj There shal be wyse comyssaryes [Fr. commis] that gode hede shal take, that for couetyse of the payement of the souldyours noo decepcion be made. 1588 Narr. Def. Berghen 21 Sept. in (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1907) 206 Petro de Lugo, a Spanishe Comissary of th'artillery. 1633 T. Stafford i. xxi. 121 The Commissaries of the Musters. a1649 (1814) V. 320 Electit Mr. Alexander Gibsone of Durie to be general commisser of the haill kingdome..and of all the forceis, armeis, regimentis, etc. 1685 No. 2030/2 Commissaries have been sent to receive them [sc. the Auxilliary Troops] and to provide all things necessary for them. 1782 E. Burke Speech Nabob Arcot's Debts App., in (1815) IV. 363 He was commissary to the army in that expedition. 1837 T. Carlyle III. i. viii. 86 A miscellany of soldiers, commissaries, adventurers. 1895 G. D. Mosgrove (1999) xx. 116 The Commissary of the Fourth Kentucky, was one of the most popular officers in the regiment. 1957 F. E. Vandiver ii. 21 Jackson kept busy with an additional assignment as acting assistant commissary of the company. 2013 R. Muir ii. vi. 69 He was delighted to have persuaded Clive to appoint a commissary of stores and perhaps also a commissary of grain and provisions. b. North American. society > trade and finance > trading place > place where retail transactions made > [noun] > shop > shop at military post 1846 G. B. McClellan 5 Dec. (1917) 20 As to provisions (for private use) get as much as possible from the Commissaries—you get things from them at one-half the price you pay sutlers. 1882 1 Sept. 151 Two new buildings..have been constructed; a commissary with offices, and a council-house with guard rooms. 1938 H. C. Nixon 4 The store in which I grew up served as commissary, office and general clearing house for the plantation. 1980 W. J. Smith (1982) i. iii. 26 He also had the right to purchase food at the Commissary. 2001 N. Gaiman (2002) i. 5 He marked off the days on his Songbirds of North America calendar, which was the only calendar they sold in the prison commissary. 1916 14 Oct. 526/1 When the commissary was started requests came from the employes to take things home out of the kitchen supplies. 1928 12 Aug. 4/1 Anita Page encounters a splinter on a table in the studio commissary. 1955 ‘N. Shute’ vii. 202 I visited her film studio..and had lunch with her in the commissary. 2003 (National ed.) 21 July a16/1 The studio is to have tech-forward production facilities, screening rooms, a fitness center and a commissary. the world > food and drink > food > supply of food or provisions > [noun] 1883 Sept. 672/1 This enforced idleness reduced our commissary to an alarming minimum. 1916 Dec. 66 A back-packing trip on which the members carry their own beds and commissary. 1929 J. Parker 337 The Spanish ship Salvadora arrived with commissaries. 2013 K. Spurgeon xi. 148 General Blunt had sent a dispatch ordering that all the commissary and ordnance should be moved away, as well as all the women and children. society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > cart or wagon for conveying goods > [noun] > types of > wagon or cart for specific articles > carrying provisions 1905 A. Adams 245 A wagon-way could be easily cut in the bank and the commissaries lowered to the river's edge with a rope to the rear axle? society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > judge > [noun] > in Scotland 1567 (1568) ca. xxxvi f. xxi Anent the artickle proponit be the Commissaris [1597 Commisseris] of Edinburgh. c1626 H. Bisset (1922) II. 63 The commissaris salbe iudges to all contractis..quhereunto the commissaris auctoritie is interponed. 1681 Act Protestant Relig. Scotl. in No. 1649/2 All Sheriffs..Officers of the Mint, Commissars and their Deputs, their Clerks and Fiscals. 1702 in W. R. Scott (1905) 317 The proces..was delivered to him..against several debitors before the Commissars. 1754 J. Erskine I. v. 60 The Commissaries to this day retain a power of judging in declarators of marriage. 1814 W. Scott III. xvii. 266 Mr Duncan Macwheeble, no longer Commissary or Baillie,..had escaped proscription by an early seccession from the insurgent party. View more context for this quotation 1885 III. 52/2 It was found necessary to institute a commissary court at Edinburgh [in 1563]..Balfour was the chief of the four first commissaries. 1931 21 Nov. 8/6 The Commissary refused to issue confirmation, on the grounds that the settlement was invalid. 2014 (Nexis) 30 Oct. A writer in Glasgow, and Procurator-Fiscal to the Commissary of Hamilton and Campsie, he [sc. Thomas Buchanan] died unmarried in 1803. society > law > law enforcement > police force or the police > [noun] > policeman > head of police force > foreign 1787 tr. H. Masers de Latude (Johnson) iii. 44 Three days afterwards, Commissary Cherion, the father, came to seize my papers. 1793 F. Burney 4 Feb. (1972) II. 10 Made de Sthal [sic]..has just received, by a private Letter, many particulars..which the Commune or Commissaries of the Temple had orders should be suppressed. 1855 T. B. Macaulay (1872) III. xvi. 191/2 The commissaries of police ran about the city..and called the people up to illuminate. 1873 R. Browning ii. 108 Had he proposed this question to..the Police, The Commissary of his Quarter. 1927 Baroness Orczy xvi. 127 The commissary had heard something about a family named Frontenac against whom there was a black mark for treason against the Republic. society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > government minister > [noun] > head of government department > in U.S.S.R. 1917 19 Nov. 8/4 Both capitals pass into the hands of the new Government of the People's Commissaries. 1919 N. Nordman iv. ii. 116 At the meeting of the Union of Labour Commissaries, Shliapnikoff announced officially that there were over half a million unemployed. 1929 A. S. Rappoport tr. M. J. Larsons 133 The Commissary for Finance, Sokolnikoff. 1989 B. M. Unterberger (2000) x. 137 New commissaries were to be designated to accompany the legion and protect them on their journey to Vladivostok, with instructions to inform the soviets en route ‘of everything connected’ with their movement. 2001 tr. S. Tall in C. Wise xv. 231 Dzerzhinski, another famous revolutionary, first commissary of public safety and friend of Lenin. Compounds1780 R. Putnam Let. 1 June in (1903) 154 Either a Commesary Store Should be keept here or Some Extra provition Should be lodged here for the Supply of Such Small parties. 1848 J. S. Robinson 10 If we cannot overtake the commissary wagons we shall have nothing to eat. 1873 J. H. Beadle xxv. 528 For the last three days we lived on Navajo bread, coffee, and ‘commissary butter’. 1887 Dec. 112/1 Commissary and butcher bills were still unpaid. 1939 (Federal Writers' Project) i. 94 The naval-stores industry..employs the commissary system. 1973 28 Apr. 15/1 Provides imprisoned men and women with the funds to purchase necessary commissary items inside the prison. 2012 (Nexis) 6 May As..a maximum security prisoner she does not have access to the jail's commissary store. C2. With the first element in plural form. ?1529 S. Fish sig. A2 Howe moche money get the Somners..by assityng the people to the commissaries court and afterward releasing thapparaunce for money? 1611 B. Rich (1844) 16 If shee be rich, and hath abilitie to bring her accuser to the Comissaries Court? 1615 E. Grimeston tr. P. d'Avity 19 There are other Courts, which they call the Commissaries Court, whereof the chiefe is at Edenborough, whereas they plead before foure Iudges. 1732 D. Neal I. vii. 401 Some that were allured to subscribe, with the Promises of Favour and better Preferment, were neglected and forgotten, and troubled in the Commissaries Court as much as before. 1823 1 July He (Lord A. Hamilton) moved in the last session for leave to bring in a bill to abolish the Scotch Commissaries' Court altogether. 1850 2nd Rep. Select Comm. Fees 244 in (H.C. 711) XIII. 721 Returns of the description and amount of the several fees legally demandable during the year ending the 5th day of April 1848..in each and every Diocesan Court, Bishops' Commissaries Court, and Archidiaconal Court throughout England and Wales respectively. 1901 4 1180 The summons was for a declarator of marriage and adherence, filed in the Commissaries Court on the 25th of March 1818. 1983 P. Collinson vi. 173 The familiar abuses of the archdeacons' and commissaries' courts were an embarrassment even to Archbishop Whitgift. C3. With the first element in singular form. 1777 G. Washington Let. 8 Oct. in (1933) IX. 336 I sincerely wish..that a better Regulation could take place in the Commissary Department; as..this Army has been clogged and retarded in some of its most important..Marches. 1804 30 Oct. 1344/1 St George's Volunteer Regiment. Lieutenant Benjamin Sayer to be Captain.., promoted in Commissary Department. 1827 13 Jan. As there was no commissary department—individuals were employed to collect..the means of supporting the army. 1907 Feb. 249/1 Fireless cooker... The greatest improvement in years, and perhaps in the entire history of the commissary department of the U. S. Army. 1974 J. B. R. Nicholson 11 The Commissary Department also had clerks who were below the equivalent of commissioned officers. 2004 D. H. Fischer (2005) 268 The American army organized its logistics on the British model, with a Commissary Department that looked after food and general supplies. 1777 G. Washington Let. 18 Feb. in (1939) VII. 160 All my endeavours, to keep the Commissary's Department in some kind of order. 1849 24 Apr. Some horses..were loaned to me, and he supplied me with provisions from the commissary's department. 1911 18 May 1039/1 The State markets in provisions needed by the commissary's department was carefully examined into. 1988 C. A. Bayly iii. 86 No formal commissary's department concerned with feeding and supplying the army was constituted until the following decade. 2002 L. E. Horgan 32 The Commissary's department would undergo many changes, emerging in its final form as an organization largely separated from the field Army. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † commissaryn.2Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: commissure n. Etymology: Alteration of commissure n. after -ary suffix1.With the form commissory compare -ory suffix1. Anatomy. Obsolete. the world > life > the body > structural parts > joint > types of joint > [noun] the world > life > the body > structural parts > joint > joints > [noun] > joints of skull 1577 sig. C.iv The..commissaries or seames of the bones of the head. 1577 sig. C.ivv The thirde and fourth bones be called Parietales..and they be deuided by the Commissories both from the foresayde Coronal and Occipissial. 1654 R. Turner ii. 6 It [sc. the Coronall Bone] meeteth with a second bone of the hinder part of the head called the noddell of the head, which two bones be divided by the comissaries in the midst of the head. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online December 2020). <  n.1c1390 n.21577 |
