commissarn.

Brit.

/ˌkɒmᵻˈsɑː/,

/ˈkɒmᵻsɑː/, U.S.

/ˈkɑməsɑr/,

/ˌkɑməˈsɑr/

Forms: 1900s– comisar, 1900s– comissar, 1900s– commisar, 1900s– commissar, 1900s– komisar, 1900s– komissar, 1900s– kommisar, 1900s– kommissar.

Origin: A borrowing from Russian. Etymon: Russian komissar.

Etymology: < Russian komissar (1917 in sense ‘government minister’, 1918 in sense ‘political representative in a military unit’) < German Kommissar (see commissary n.¹). Compare commissionary n. 2 and slightly earlier commissary n.¹ 8.In People's Commissar after Russian narodnyj komissar ( < narodnyj , adjectival derivative of narod narod n. + komissar ). With political commissar compare Russian političeskij rukovoditel′ (1919; see politruk n.).

a. Chiefly with capital initial. In full People's Commissar. In the Russian Republic and later the Soviet Union: a member of an executive committee of senior government officials formed after the October Revolution of 1917, known as the Council of People's Commissars (cf. Sovnarkom n.). Also: the head of a government department in the Soviet Union or any of its constituent republics. Cf. commissariat n. 3. Now historical.In 1946 the title of commissar was replaced by ministr ‘minister’.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > government minister > [noun] > head of government department > in U.S.S.R.

commissary1917

commissar1918

commissionary1918

1918 tr. V. Lenin Lessons Russ. Revol. (title page) By Vladimir Oulianow (N. Lenin) President of the Council of People's Commissars... Published by the Bureau of International Revolutionary Propaganda attached to the Commissariat for Foreign Affairs.

1918 E. Sisson German-Bolshevik Conspiracy 8/3 The election came at the end of the week and was a perfunctory re-election of practically the whole former executive committee of commissars.

1943 Life 29 May 40/2 Mikoian..has held important ‘cabinet’ positions in the U.S.S.R. since 1926 when he was appointed Commissar of Internal Supply.

2012 R. Livingstone tr. K. Schlögel Moscow, 1937 xv. 236 An impressive number of apartment houses and residential complexes, intended principally for the families of People's Commissars and members of professional associations.

b. In the Russian Republic and later the Soviet Union: a government representative or (later) a Communist Party official appointed to oversee political instruction and ensure political reliability, esp. in a military unit. Later also: a similar official in other Communist countries, esp. China. Sometimes more fully political commissar. Cf. politruk n.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > holder of office > public officials > [noun] > Communist or Nazi political officials

commissar1921

gauleiter1936

1921 Chambers's Jrnl. 151/1 The Bolsheviks retreated in a panic, killing their own commissars as they fled.

1932 J. G. Wright tr. L. Trotsky Hist. Russ. Revol. xiv. 294 At the session of March 6 [1917], the Executive Committee considered it advisable to instal its own commissars in all regiments and all military institutions... One of the principal duties of the commissars was to keep watch over the political reliability of the staff and commanding officers.

1955 J. Carmichael tr. N. N. Sukhanov Russ. Revol. i. iii. 62 Braunstein proposed that directives be given..for district committees to be formed, and for plenipotentiary Commissars to be appointed in each district to restore order and direct the struggle against anarchy and pogroms.

1990 M. J. Mazarr in G. Fauriol & E. Loser Cuba ix. 266 In 1963 Raul Castro inaugurated an intensive effort to build up the party in the military. This campaign utilized..lessons from political commissars of other communist nations.

2003 S. Cui Women through Lens 203 The conversation consists of the commissar's instruction and Xiaoyu's silent acceptance.

2. In extended use: a person who is perceived to be authoritarian, autocratic, or inflexible. Usually depreciative.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > strictness > [noun] > authoritarianism > authoritarian

authoritarian1856

commissar1936

Nazi1982

1936 Brit. Musician & Musical News May 102/1 We are instructed..by our self-appointed commissars, that this sort of simmering pigwash of disconnected noises provides the great public with a musical education.

1955 National Republic June 32/3 The tocsin against competition that has rung harshly in other realms dominated by the academic commissars has now been sounded against competitive sports, training ground for the young.

1989 M. Bociurkiw in Fireweed Spring 769 I'm afraid I'm turning into a commissar, a socialist-feminist dragon-lady.

2014 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 17 May f2 Almost everything the medical establishment, the health commissars and the nutrition nannies have been telling us for the past 60 years is just flat-out wrong.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	commissar
释义	commissarn. Brit. /ˌkɒmᵻˈsɑː/, /ˈkɒmᵻsɑː/, U.S. /ˈkɑməsɑr/, /ˌkɑməˈsɑr/ Forms: 1900s– comisar, 1900s– comissar, 1900s– commisar, 1900s– commissar, 1900s– komisar, 1900s– komissar, 1900s– kommisar, 1900s– kommissar. Origin: A borrowing from Russian. Etymon: Russian komissar. Etymology: < Russian komissar (1917 in sense ‘government minister’, 1918 in sense ‘political representative in a military unit’) < German Kommissar (see commissary n.¹). Compare commissionary n. 2 and slightly earlier commissary n.¹ 8.In People's Commissar after Russian narodnyj komissar ( < narodnyj , adjectival derivative of narod narod n. + komissar ). With political commissar compare Russian političeskij rukovoditel′ (1919; see politruk n.). 1. a. Chiefly with capital initial. In full People's Commissar. In the Russian Republic and later the Soviet Union: a member of an executive committee of senior government officials formed after the October Revolution of 1917, known as the Council of People's Commissars (cf. Sovnarkom n.). Also: the head of a government department in the Soviet Union or any of its constituent republics. Cf. commissariat n. 3. Now historical.In 1946 the title of commissar was replaced by ministr ‘minister’. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > government minister > [noun] > head of government department > in U.S.S.R. commissary1917 commissar1918 commissionary1918 1918 tr. V. Lenin Lessons Russ. Revol. (title page) By Vladimir Oulianow (N. Lenin) President of the Council of People's Commissars... Published by the Bureau of International Revolutionary Propaganda attached to the Commissariat for Foreign Affairs. 1918 E. Sisson German-Bolshevik Conspiracy 8/3 The election came at the end of the week and was a perfunctory re-election of practically the whole former executive committee of commissars. 1943 Life 29 May 40/2 Mikoian..has held important ‘cabinet’ positions in the U.S.S.R. since 1926 when he was appointed Commissar of Internal Supply. 2012 R. Livingstone tr. K. Schlögel Moscow, 1937 xv. 236 An impressive number of apartment houses and residential complexes, intended principally for the families of People's Commissars and members of professional associations. b. In the Russian Republic and later the Soviet Union: a government representative or (later) a Communist Party official appointed to oversee political instruction and ensure political reliability, esp. in a military unit. Later also: a similar official in other Communist countries, esp. China. Sometimes more fully political commissar. Cf. politruk n. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > holder of office > public officials > [noun] > Communist or Nazi political officials commissar1921 gauleiter1936 1921 Chambers's Jrnl. 151/1 The Bolsheviks retreated in a panic, killing their own commissars as they fled. 1932 J. G. Wright tr. L. Trotsky Hist. Russ. Revol. xiv. 294 At the session of March 6 [1917], the Executive Committee considered it advisable to instal its own commissars in all regiments and all military institutions... One of the principal duties of the commissars was to keep watch over the political reliability of the staff and commanding officers. 1955 J. Carmichael tr. N. N. Sukhanov Russ. Revol. i. iii. 62 Braunstein proposed that directives be given..for district committees to be formed, and for plenipotentiary Commissars to be appointed in each district to restore order and direct the struggle against anarchy and pogroms. 1990 M. J. Mazarr in G. Fauriol & E. Loser Cuba ix. 266 In 1963 Raul Castro inaugurated an intensive effort to build up the party in the military. This campaign utilized..lessons from political commissars of other communist nations. 2003 S. Cui Women through Lens 203 The conversation consists of the commissar's instruction and Xiaoyu's silent acceptance. 2. In extended use: a person who is perceived to be authoritarian, autocratic, or inflexible. Usually depreciative. ΘΚΠ society > authority > strictness > [noun] > authoritarianism > authoritarian authoritarian1856 commissar1936 Nazi1982 1936 Brit. Musician & Musical News May 102/1 We are instructed..by our self-appointed commissars, that this sort of simmering pigwash of disconnected noises provides the great public with a musical education. 1955 National Republic June 32/3 The tocsin against competition that has rung harshly in other realms dominated by the academic commissars has now been sounded against competitive sports, training ground for the young. 1989 M. Bociurkiw in Fireweed Spring 769 I'm afraid I'm turning into a commissar, a socialist-feminist dragon-lady. 2014 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 17 May f2 Almost everything the medical establishment, the health commissars and the nutrition nannies have been telling us for the past 60 years is just flat-out wrong. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1918
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