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单词 coak
释义

coakn.

Brit. /kəʊk/, U.S. /koʊk/
Forms: late Middle English colk, late Middle English kolke, late Middle English–1500s colke, 1600s coake, 1700s– coak.
Origin: Apparently a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: colk n.1
Etymology: Apparently the same word as colk n.1, so called on account of a perceived resemblance of the pin of a sheave to the core of an apple. With sense 1 compare later cock n.7
1. A piece of metal used to line a round hole, esp. one used to line the central hole in a sheave through which the pin passes; a bush (bush n.3). Cf. cock n.7 Now chiefly historical.The earliest quots. may perhaps refer to the pin of a sheave rather than the lining.
ΚΠ
1465 in Manners & Househ. Expenses Eng. (1841) 201 For the drawenge of iij. kolkes [v.r. boltes] of iren for the halyher.
1485 in M. Oppenheim Naval Accts. & Inventories Henry VII (1896) 70 Colks [altered in MS from Cokks] of Iren, xxj.
1514 Inventory in C. S. Knighton & D. M. Loades Anthony Roll of Henry VIII's Navy (2000) 114/2 Garnettes with ij single polies with colkes of brasse.
1616 Acct. 19 Feb. in A. Farrington Eng. Factory in Japan (1991) II. 1332 Coake of brasse for woodden shivers.
1653 Court Bk. 16 Mar. in E. B. Sainsbury Calendar Court Minutes East India Company 1650–1654 (1913) 228 Brasse sheevers and coakes.
1750 T. R. Blanckley Naval Expositor 33 Four solid Truck Wheels, fitted with Iron Axle Trees and Brass Coaks.
1777 D. Lescallier Vocabulaire des Termes de Marine 20/1 Lignum vitæ sheaves with brass coaks, Rouets de gayac à dés de fonte.
1793 True Briton 22 Nov. (advt.) Old stores, consisting of..Cast Iron Shivers, with Brass Coaks.
1811 Edinb. Ann. Reg. 1809 2 442/1 When the coaks are inserted into the sheave, the drilling machine is employed to perforate the three semicircular projections of the coaks and the wood beneath, in order to fasten the coaks by copper pins put into these holes.
1862 B. J. Totten Naval Text-bk. (rev. ed.) 301 Coaks are also the metal holes in a sheave, through which the pin goes.
1902 Anglo-Amer. Encycl. & Dict. (1904) III. 531/2 The pin or pintle of a block of pulleys..passes through the bushing of the shell and the coak of the sheave, and is generally of iron, the sheave or wheel is generally of lignum-vitæ or of iron, and has around its circumference a groove for the rope, called the gorge. It has a bushing, called a coak, around the pintle-hole.
1984 Technol. & Culture 25 198 Spiral-grooved bell-metal coaks had been cast in two halves and copper rivets had been cut by gaged shears for insertion into the sheaves by hand.
2. Shipbuilding. A rectangular projection on the face of a piece of scarfed (scarfed adj.2) timber, designed to fit into a recess in the face of another piece of timber in order to prevent the two adjacent timbers from sliding past each other or misaligning. Also: a cylindrical wooden pin used to join timbers together lengthways; a dowel. Cf. table n. 20c.Coaks were typically used to strengthen the joints in a mast composed of several pieces.See also sunk coak n. at sunk adj. Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > shipbuilding and repairing > [noun] > shipbuilding > methods of joining timbers > part of joint
coak1794
society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > constructing or working with wood > [noun] > wooden structures or wooden parts of > means of fitting together > types of joint > projecting part of joint
tenon14..
tenora1485
rabbet1678
dovetail1691
relish1703
teaze-tenon1703
coak1794
table1794
tusk tenon1825
tonguing1841
tongue1842
pin1847
cog1858
stub-tenon1875
cross-tongue1876
1794 D. Steel Elements & Pract. Rigging & Seamanship I. 4 Coaks are oblong ridges left on the surface of different pieces of made-masts by cutting away the wood round them; the intermediate part is called the plain... Coak and plain is when a coak is formed, and a plain surface follows between that and the next. Running coaks are coaks continued the whole length along the middle... Chain coaks are formed one at the end of the other on the opposite sides of the middle-line.
1830 P. Hedderwick Treat. Marine Archit. 259 Make a mould for the foot of the stem with its cog or coak, scribing it so that it will fit very completely.
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. at Coaking Coaks, or dowels, are fitted into the beams and knees of vessels, to prevent their slipping.
1884 Jrnl. Hellenic Stud. 5 215 In order to meet a vertical strain, such as the rise and fall of the waves under the bottom of a raft, shipwrights join the timbers not only with trenails but with dowels, or coaks, as they are also called.
1918 C. G. Davis Building of Wooden Ship 81 Coaking, a method of joining two pieces of timber, such as attaching beams or knees together with coaks or tenons, the purpose being to unite them solidly, so they will not pull or slip apart.
2008 Amer. Jrnl. Archaeol. 112 701/1 Two planks from the wreck do have dowel coaks, but these were inserted obliquely through the plank surface.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

coakv.

Brit. /kəʊk/, U.S. /koʊk/
Origin: Probably formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: coak n.
Etymology: Probably < coak n. (although the relevant sense is first attested later). Compare earlier cock v.4 2.
Shipbuilding. Now historical.
1. transitive. To join (timbers) together lengthways by means of coaks (coak n. 2); to join (a piece of timber) to another in this way. Cf. table v. 5.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > shipbuilding and repairing > build a ship [verb (transitive)] > join with coaks
cock1664
coak1717
1717 W. Sutherland Britain's Glory: Ship-building Unvail'd 61 From 4 to 5, it is either Coak'd or Tabled.
1814 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 104 299 When the decks are thus laid, waterways..are brought upon, and coaked to the ends of the plank.
1869 E. J. Reed Shipbuilding xiv. 259 To make it [sc. the lower mast] up of several pieces which are Coaked and bolted to each other, and bound together by numerous iron hoops.
1918 C. G. Davis Building of Wooden Ship 94 It is generally formed of several pieces of hardwood coaked or tabled together edgewise.
1992 B. Unsworth Sacred Hunger i. 8 Here are the two parts of the spindle. D'you mark the taper on them? They'll be coaked together in the middle here, and bolted after.
2. intransitive. Of two pieces of timber: to be joined together by means of coaks. Also: (of a piece of timber) to be joined on to another by means of coaks. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > shipbuilding and repairing > [verb (intransitive)] > join by aid of coaks
coak1794
1794 D. Steel Elements & Pract. Rigging & Seamanship I. 5 If the pieces coak or table together, the thickness of the coaks or tablings must be added to the former gage or spoiling.
1794 D. Steel Elements & Pract. Rigging & Seamanship I. 27 The heel-piece..coaks on to the heel of the lower tree, and the head-piece to the upper tree.

Derivatives

ˈcoaking n. a method of joining together pieces of timber by means of coaks (coak n. 2); the joint formed by this method.
ΚΠ
1717 W. Sutherland Britain's Glory: Ship-building Unvail'd 59 For although several Pieces put together cannot be so strong as an intire Piece, and that Tabling and Coaking (as it's term'd) may weaken, yet [etc.].
1821 J. Fincham Introd. Outl. Pract. Ship-Building 241 Circular coaking has been introduced instead of tabling.
1973 P. O'Brian HMS Surprise vi. 144 The coaking just above the cap is not what any of our friends could wish.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.1465v.1717
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