aggressionn.

Brit.

/əˈɡrɛʃn/, U.S.

/əˈɡrɛʃən/

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French aggression; Latin aggressiōn-, aggressiō.

Etymology: < (i) French †aggression (1395 in Middle French; now agression (so from 1669)), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin aggressiōn-, aggressiō, both in sense ‘attack’ < aggress- , past participial stem of aggredī to attack (see aggress v.) + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Spanish agresión (1502 as †agressión ), Portuguese agresão (1699), Italian aggressione (1357), and also Dutch agressie (1592; < French). Compare earlier aggress n.In the specific use in psychology in sense 4 after German Aggression (1890 in this sense; 1727 in sense ‘attack, assault’ in a military context; from mid 19th cent. in political contexts).

1. An unprovoked attack; the first attack in a dispute or conflict; an assault, an inroad.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > attack > [noun] > military aggression

aggression1611

sabre-rattling1922

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > [noun] > first or unprovoked

aggression1611

1611 J. Barclay tr. W. Barclay Treat. Temporall Power Pope xxxi. 164 in R. Sheldon Cert. Reasons Lawfulnesse Oath Allegiance Who is ignorant how that same furious aggression and censure of Boniface the VIII. vpon Philip the Faire, how little it profited?

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Aggression, an aggression, assault, incounter, or first setting on.

1693 J. Owen Disc. Holy Spirit 227 An extraordinary Aggression was to be made upon the Kingdom of Sathan.

1793 T. Jefferson Writings (1859) IV. 12 We have borne with their aggressions.

1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian ii, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. I. 57 An unjust aggression upon their ancient liberties.

1840 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. (ed. 6) III. iii. xiii. 278 The sand drift is making aggressions at certain points.

1901 Eng. Hist. Rev. 16 718 Canning proposed the formation of an Anglo-Scandinavian alliance which should array the forces of England, Denmark, and Sweden against the aggressions of two emperors.

2009 Wall St. Jrnl. 13 Feb. a13/5 Russia's aggression against Georgia last August and its gas war with Ukraine this January have made the crisis only worse for the Russian people.

2. The practice of attacking another or others; the making of an attack or assault.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > attack > [noun] > action of attacking

assailing1340

offencec1395

overrunning?a1425

saulting1490

oppugnation1524

oppugning1535

offension1542

affronture1549

grassation1610

aggression1630

attacking1657

strafing1915

whoop-ass1974

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > [noun] > attack by hostile measures or words > practice

aggression1630

aggressivity1906

1630 H. Lord Display Two Forraigne Sects i. iii. 13 They renewed their battell by fresh Aggression and Onset, till darknesse did prohibit the vse of Armes.

1692 R. L'Estrange Fables ccxxxvi. 206 There may be also..a Conspiracy of Common Enmity and Aggression.

1799 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1837) I. 16 A war of aggression against the Company.

1845 J. R. McCulloch Treat. Taxation iii. i. 396 Hostile aggression and insult must be opposed and avenged.

1868 W. Peard Pract. Water-farming xv. 158 The stock..will be safe from aggression.

1869 J. E. T. Rogers in A. Smith Inq. Wealth Nations (new ed.) I. Pref. p. xi The business of government is to check aggression only.

1955 Bull. Atomic Scientists Mar. 97/1 This is clearly the future reserved for all those who are unable or unwilling to resist Communist aggression or infiltration.

1957 R. N. C. Hunt Guide to Communist Jargon 1 Aggression can be predicated only of imperialist Powers, which is in line with the distinction made in communist theory between ‘just’ and ‘unjust’ wars.

1959 Observer 19 Apr. 1/4 A 21-nation United Nation General Assembly Committee has voted to delay for three years an attempt to define aggression.

2007 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 20 Dec. 66/3 Among historians, the..tendency to view the Terror as springing from a nationalistic response to external aggression and internal sedition—has long had its critics.

3. Originally U.S. Feeling or energy displayed in asserting oneself, or in showing drive or initiative; aggressiveness, assertiveness, forcefulness. (Usually as a positive quality.)

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > pride > self-assertiveness > [noun]

spritec1540

forwardnessa1616

perkinga1624

petulcity1628

perknessa1640

furthinessa1658

outbearing1740

self-assertion1805

bumptiousness1834

cockiness1841

perkiness1847

self-assertiveness1855

coxiness1859

forthputting1861

assertiveness1881

pushingness1881

aggression1889

pushfulness1897

pushiness1898

chestiness1909

attitude1975

1889 C. DeGarmo in tr. G. A. Lindner Man. Empirical Psychol. Pref. p. iv The great secret of their aggression and efficiency is to be found in the fact that they [sc. the Herbartian school] have a vital psychology.

1897 Illustr. Amer. 6 Nov. 579/1 The Hawaiians..are a weak and decaying race. More vigorous races, men with more stamina and more aggression, are swiftly displacing them.

1920 S. D. Carson Marketing 416 Imagination will be of little service unless the advertising manager has sufficient aggression to make it materialize.

1957 O. Ore Niels Henrik Abel xix. 241 The Collegium acted with a certain reticence in regard to the department; it did not exert its influence with sufficient energy and aggression.

1968 Listener 11 Jan. 59/1 So I would say that Newsroom is strategically well placed to be a success. It is also being presented with aggression and self-confidence.

1984 Guardian Weekly 9 Dec. 24/3 They'll need more aggression than they showed in allowing superiority over Coventry City at the weekend to slip away.

2008 Time Out N.Y. 8 Nov. 128/2 So it's too bad that the band's latest, Four on the Floor, skews toward blandly punky aggression, when Lewis's real forte is tender, radio-ready pop in the Avril mode.

4. Originally Psychology. Behaviour intended to injure another person or animal; an instance of this.Except in textbooks not always clearly distinguishable from senses 1 and 2 used of non-physical conflict.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > psychology > theory of psychoanalysis > libido > want of confidence > [noun] > hostile tendency

aggression1902

1902 Amer. Jrnl. Psychol. 13 386 [In gambling] we find arising emulation, aggression, the instinct of domination, with the love of humiliating one's opponent.

1912 A. A. Brill tr. S. Freud Sel. Papers on Hysteria (ed. 2) vii. 160 We no longer deal here with sexual passivity but with pleasurably accomplished aggressions.

1917 B. Glueck & J. E. Lind tr. A. Adler Neurotic Constit. (1921) v. 156 The neurotic succeeds in..this new line so skillfully as to manage to set up an aggression which enables him to dominate and torture others.

1918 A. A. Brill tr. S. Freud Three Contrib. to Sexual Theory 22 The sexuality of most men shows a taint of aggression.

1932 S. Herbert Unconscious in Life & Art 153 For the repression rouses the innate tendency to aggression against those who interfere with the original libidinous impulses.

1943 J. S. Huxley Evol. Ethics iii. 22 Victims of a distorted and hyperactive conscience, charged with aggression which seeks an outlet in attacking in others all those tendencies of which itself bears the unconscious guilty burden.

1968 A. Storr Human Aggression ii. 19 Once we can bring ourselves to abandon the pleasure principle, it is easy to accept the idea that the achievement of dominance, the overcoming of obstacles, and the mastery of the external world, for all of which aggression is necessary, are as much innate human needs as sexuality or hunger.

1999 T. Mason & M. Chandley Managing Violence & Aggression ii. 18 We could see many forms of sublimated aggression in sports, business and entertainment.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	aggression
释义	aggressionn. Brit. /əˈɡrɛʃn/, U.S. /əˈɡrɛʃən/ Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French aggression; Latin aggressiōn-, aggressiō. Etymology: < (i) French †aggression (1395 in Middle French; now agression (so from 1669)), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin aggressiōn-, aggressiō, both in sense ‘attack’ < aggress- , past participial stem of aggredī to attack (see aggress v.) + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Spanish agresión (1502 as †agressión ), Portuguese agresão (1699), Italian aggressione (1357), and also Dutch agressie (1592; < French). Compare earlier aggress n.In the specific use in psychology in sense 4 after German Aggression (1890 in this sense; 1727 in sense ‘attack, assault’ in a military context; from mid 19th cent. in political contexts). 1. An unprovoked attack; the first attack in a dispute or conflict; an assault, an inroad. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > attack > [noun] > military aggression aggression1611 sabre-rattling1922 the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > [noun] > first or unprovoked aggression1611 1611 J. Barclay tr. W. Barclay Treat. Temporall Power Pope xxxi. 164 in R. Sheldon Cert. Reasons Lawfulnesse Oath Allegiance Who is ignorant how that same furious aggression and censure of Boniface the VIII. vpon Philip the Faire, how little it profited? 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Aggression, an aggression, assault, incounter, or first setting on. 1693 J. Owen Disc. Holy Spirit 227 An extraordinary Aggression was to be made upon the Kingdom of Sathan. 1793 T. Jefferson Writings (1859) IV. 12 We have borne with their aggressions. 1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian ii, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. I. 57 An unjust aggression upon their ancient liberties. 1840 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. (ed. 6) III. iii. xiii. 278 The sand drift is making aggressions at certain points. 1901 Eng. Hist. Rev. 16 718 Canning proposed the formation of an Anglo-Scandinavian alliance which should array the forces of England, Denmark, and Sweden against the aggressions of two emperors. 2009 Wall St. Jrnl. 13 Feb. a13/5 Russia's aggression against Georgia last August and its gas war with Ukraine this January have made the crisis only worse for the Russian people. 2. The practice of attacking another or others; the making of an attack or assault. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > attack > [noun] > action of attacking assailing1340 offencec1395 overrunning?a1425 saulting1490 oppugnation1524 oppugning1535 offension1542 affronture1549 grassation1610 aggression1630 attacking1657 strafing1915 whoop-ass1974 the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > [noun] > attack by hostile measures or words > practice aggression1630 aggressivity1906 1630 H. Lord Display Two Forraigne Sects i. iii. 13 They renewed their battell by fresh Aggression and Onset, till darknesse did prohibit the vse of Armes. 1692 R. L'Estrange Fables ccxxxvi. 206 There may be also..a Conspiracy of Common Enmity and Aggression. 1799 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1837) I. 16 A war of aggression against the Company. 1845 J. R. McCulloch Treat. Taxation iii. i. 396 Hostile aggression and insult must be opposed and avenged. 1868 W. Peard Pract. Water-farming xv. 158 The stock..will be safe from aggression. 1869 J. E. T. Rogers in A. Smith Inq. Wealth Nations (new ed.) I. Pref. p. xi The business of government is to check aggression only. 1955 Bull. Atomic Scientists Mar. 97/1 This is clearly the future reserved for all those who are unable or unwilling to resist Communist aggression or infiltration. 1957 R. N. C. Hunt Guide to Communist Jargon 1 Aggression can be predicated only of imperialist Powers, which is in line with the distinction made in communist theory between ‘just’ and ‘unjust’ wars. 1959 Observer 19 Apr. 1/4 A 21-nation United Nation General Assembly Committee has voted to delay for three years an attempt to define aggression. 2007 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 20 Dec. 66/3 Among historians, the..tendency to view the Terror as springing from a nationalistic response to external aggression and internal sedition—has long had its critics. 3. Originally U.S. Feeling or energy displayed in asserting oneself, or in showing drive or initiative; aggressiveness, assertiveness, forcefulness. (Usually as a positive quality.) ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pride > self-assertiveness > [noun] spritec1540 forwardnessa1616 perkinga1624 petulcity1628 perknessa1640 furthinessa1658 outbearing1740 self-assertion1805 bumptiousness1834 cockiness1841 perkiness1847 self-assertiveness1855 coxiness1859 forthputting1861 assertiveness1881 pushingness1881 aggression1889 pushfulness1897 pushiness1898 chestiness1909 attitude1975 1889 C. DeGarmo in tr. G. A. Lindner Man. Empirical Psychol. Pref. p. iv The great secret of their aggression and efficiency is to be found in the fact that they [sc. the Herbartian school] have a vital psychology. 1897 Illustr. Amer. 6 Nov. 579/1 The Hawaiians..are a weak and decaying race. More vigorous races, men with more stamina and more aggression, are swiftly displacing them. 1920 S. D. Carson Marketing 416 Imagination will be of little service unless the advertising manager has sufficient aggression to make it materialize. 1957 O. Ore Niels Henrik Abel xix. 241 The Collegium acted with a certain reticence in regard to the department; it did not exert its influence with sufficient energy and aggression. 1968 Listener 11 Jan. 59/1 So I would say that Newsroom is strategically well placed to be a success. It is also being presented with aggression and self-confidence. 1984 Guardian Weekly 9 Dec. 24/3 They'll need more aggression than they showed in allowing superiority over Coventry City at the weekend to slip away. 2008 Time Out N.Y. 8 Nov. 128/2 So it's too bad that the band's latest, Four on the Floor, skews toward blandly punky aggression, when Lewis's real forte is tender, radio-ready pop in the Avril mode. 4. Originally Psychology. Behaviour intended to injure another person or animal; an instance of this.Except in textbooks not always clearly distinguishable from senses 1 and 2 used of non-physical conflict. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > psychology > theory of psychoanalysis > libido > want of confidence > [noun] > hostile tendency aggression1902 1902 Amer. Jrnl. Psychol. 13 386 [In gambling] we find arising emulation, aggression, the instinct of domination, with the love of humiliating one's opponent. 1912 A. A. Brill tr. S. Freud Sel. Papers on Hysteria (ed. 2) vii. 160 We no longer deal here with sexual passivity but with pleasurably accomplished aggressions. 1917 B. Glueck & J. E. Lind tr. A. Adler Neurotic Constit. (1921) v. 156 The neurotic succeeds in..this new line so skillfully as to manage to set up an aggression which enables him to dominate and torture others. 1918 A. A. Brill tr. S. Freud Three Contrib. to Sexual Theory 22 The sexuality of most men shows a taint of aggression. 1932 S. Herbert Unconscious in Life & Art 153 For the repression rouses the innate tendency to aggression against those who interfere with the original libidinous impulses. 1943 J. S. Huxley Evol. Ethics iii. 22 Victims of a distorted and hyperactive conscience, charged with aggression which seeks an outlet in attacking in others all those tendencies of which itself bears the unconscious guilty burden. 1968 A. Storr Human Aggression ii. 19 Once we can bring ourselves to abandon the pleasure principle, it is easy to accept the idea that the achievement of dominance, the overcoming of obstacles, and the mastery of the external world, for all of which aggression is necessary, are as much innate human needs as sexuality or hunger. 1999 T. Mason & M. Chandley Managing Violence & Aggression ii. 18 We could see many forms of sublimated aggression in sports, business and entertainment. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1611
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