churchyardn.

Brit.

/ˈtʃəːtʃjɑːd/, U.S.

/ˈtʃərtʃˌjɑrd/

Forms: see church n.¹ and adj. and yard n.¹

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: church n.¹, yard n.¹

Etymology: < church n.¹ + yard n.¹ Compare kirkyard n., kirk-garth n. (and North Germanic forms cited at that entry), and church garth n., and also church hay n., church haw n., church town n., church-litten n.Also attested early in surnames, as Ric. de la Chirchard (1291), John atte Chircheyerde (1298), Henry del Churcheyard (1332), etc. N.E.D. (1889) notes: ‘The stress is upon church already in Shakespeare; yet we usually say St. Paul's Churchˈyard, with stress on yard, as always in Scots.’

a. The enclosed piece of consecrated ground in which a church stands, formerly almost universally used as a burial ground for the parish or district, and occasionally still used for Christian burials or memorials when space permits. Cf. kirkyard n.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > land > [noun] > churchyard

church townOE

churchyard?a1160

church hayc1175

kirkyardc1175

kirk-garth1298

purseynta1325

church hawc1330

sanctuary garth1412

procinct1422

precinctc1425

sanctuary1432

church-earth1449

church-littena1450

church garth1484

cemetery1485

church acre1596

God's acre1605

kirk shot1935

the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > burial > burial ground or cemetery > [noun] > churchyards

church townOE

churchyard?a1160

church hayc1175

church hawc1330

church-earth1449

church-littena1450

spiritualitiesa1470

church garth1484

church acre1596

yard1792

?a1160 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough contin.) anno 1137 Ne forbaren hi nouther circe ne cyrceiærd.

c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 163 Ich..Eede o Ring i chirchȝard.

c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) l. 1317 Þai..comen bi a chircheȝerd And metten a bere to chirche-werd.

c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. xvi. l. 11 Ne corses of poure comune in here churche-ȝerd [c1400 Vesp. chirche, c1400 Trin. Cambr. kirke].

Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 75 Chyrcheȝarde [1499 Pynson churcheyerde], cimitorium.

1512 Act 4 Hen. VIII c. 2 §2 The Churche or Churchyerd or other place preveleged.

1575–6 in J. Raine Depositions Courts Durham (1845) 278 They of St. Margaret's wolde not smatter ther own church yard with thoise that then died in the plage.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) iii. iii. 52 Like Graues i'th holy Church-yard .

1638 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy (ed. 5) Democritus to Rdr. 61 Separate places to bury the dead in, not in churchyards.

1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 419. ¶5 The Church-yards were all haunted.

1791 A. Macaulay Hist. & Antiq. Claybrook 116 An affidavit was sent..of the body having been buried in woolen in Saint Pancras church-yard.

1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel I. 8 He..scarce could pass A church-yard's dreary mounds at silent night.

1882 Harper's Mag. Nov. 841/1 Outside, in the little churchyard, under the spreading branches of a gnarly old yew-tree, we found many curious specimens of grave-stone literature.

1929 L. W. Reese Victorian Village 3 Racing up through Saint John's churchyard on a gray afternoon..and stopping just inside the church door.

2001 R. Hill Dialogues of Dead (2002) xxviii. 322 After the interment..people milled around the churchyard.

b. A burial ground not belonging to a Christian church; a cemetery; a graveyard. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > burial > burial ground or cemetery > [noun]

littenc900

charnel1377

burying-place1382

fosse?a1425

churchyard1477

golgotha1604

God's acre1605

cemetery1613

burial-place1633

dormitory1634

burying-ground1711

burial-field1743

graveyard1767

burial-ground1803

burial-yard1842

boneyard1866

Boot Hill1901

necropole1921

memorial park1927

grave-site1953

1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 49^v The peple said to alexander that he was euer in the chircheyerd.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxi. xi. 92 The other..groweth commonly in churchyards among graues and tombs.

1631 E. Howes Stow's Ann. 999/1 Diuers Church-yards new layd apart, dedicated for reuerend places to bury the dead.

1678 N. Wanley Wonders Little World v. iii. §12. 474/1 Anicetus..was..buried in the Church-yard of Calistus.

1882 Trans. Soc. Biblical Archæol. 7 320 The Moslem churchyard runs the length of this wall.

2008 K. Buciek & K. Juul in B. Graham & P. Howard Ashgate Res. Compan. Heritage & Identity ii. vi. 107 The Jewish churchyards.., together with the Russian and German sections of the public cemeteries, witness to a multicultural presence.

2. The precincts or close of a cathedral or large church, as a place of residence or commerce. Now chiefly historical.The chapels, cloisters, etc., of many cathedrals (notably St Paul's, London) were seized by the Crown and sold to secular traders at the Reformation. They were often associated with the bookselling and publishing trades.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > land > [noun] > churchyard > of cathedral

close1371

churchyard1467

college1824

1467 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 393 (MED) The citezens dwelling withyn the churche yordes, or ffraunchesies aioynynge to this, the citee.

1563 W. Fulke Goodle Gallerye Causes Meteors (colophon) To be sold at his shop in S. Dunstones churchyarde in the Weste.

1577 W. Fletewoode Let. 30 July in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. III. ccii. 56 Here fell a mischaunce betwene two..men, and the on of them was killed in Powles churche yarde.

1692 London Gaz. No. 2771/4 Lost..between St. Paul's Church-yard, and the Six Clerks-Office.

1766 J. Entick Surv. London in New Hist. London IV. 252 The clothiers..had their booths and standings within the church-yard.

1817 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 107 194 That instrument..which I estimated between four and five feet above the foot pavement on the north side of St. Paul's church-yard.

1905 E. G. Duff Cent. Eng. Bk. Trade 109 The colophons of these two books speak of him as living in the Minster churchyard.

2007 F. Lincoln Nature's Alchemist vii. 93 The poet and preacher John Milton lived in the churchyard of St Bride's on Fleet Street.

Phrases

Proverb. a green winter (also Christmas) makes a fat churchyard and variants: a warm winter causes many deaths.

ΚΠ

1635 J. Swan Speculum Mundi v. §2. 161 A hot Christmas makes a fat Church-yard.

1710 Brit. Apollo 27–29 Nov. A Green Christmas makes a Fat Church-Yard.

1791 R. Townley Jrnl. kept Isle of Man I. 309 It is an old saying, That a green winter makes a fat church-yard.

1838 J. Comstock Tongue of Time x. 347 Dr. Rush inclined to give credence to the opinion, that a green Christmas makes a fat churchyard.

1868 T. Inman On Preserv. of Health xvii. 113 ‘I suppose this sharp, bracing air makes all your patients well, eh?’ ‘You know the old proverb—“A green winter makes a fat churchyard”,—ha ha.’

1921 Greater N.Y. 19 Dec. 13/2 It may be that the maxim: ‘A green Winter makes a fat churchyard’, is all wrong.

1995 H. Dunmore Spell of Winter viii. 96 ‘A green winter makes a full churchyard,’ everyone said.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

ΚΠ

1448 Acct. in Berks, Bucks & Oxon Archæol. Jrnl. (1902) 8 58 (MED) For mendyng ye chirch yard gate i d.ob.

1460–5 Churchwardens' Accts. St. Andrew's, Eastcheap in Brit. Mag. 31 394 For..a kay to the chyrch yard durr and for ij Crewettys.

1584 in J. Barmby Churchwardens' Accts. Pittington (1888) 16 For mendinge a gappe in the churchyard wall..ij d.

1602 R. Carew Surv. Cornwall ii. f. 137^v The Curate..receiued him at the Church yard stile.

1680 in W. Cramond Church of Grange (1898) 35 That the churchyard dykes should be pinned with stone and lyme to prevent their ruine.

1798 W. Wordsworth We are Seven in W. Wordsworth & S. T. Coleridge Lyrical Ballads 111 In the church-yard cottage, I Dwell near them with my mother.

1831 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 29 219 The bodiless cherubs on our churchyard stones.

1875 G. MacDonald Malcolm I. vii. 67 A cottage rather larger than the rest, which stood close by the churchyard gate.

1910 E. M. Forster Howards End xi. 85 A wood-cutter,..perched high above their heads, pollarding one of the churchyard elms.

1937 ‘S. Smith’ Good Time was had by All 25 The churchyard pales are black against the night.

1992 Nat. World Autumn 29/4 The RSNC Wildlife Trusts Partnership promotes a number of themes, including..churchyard conservation, wildlife hospital gardens and community nature reserves.

C2.

a. attributive. With allusion to the churchyard as the site of burial: associated with or indicative of (impending) death; (also) melancholy, sepulchral.Recorded earliest in churchyard cough n. at Compounds 2b; now rare except in this collocation.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > burial > burial ground or cemetery > [adjective] > type of

churchyard1693

catacumbal1865

necropolitan1877

1693 W. Robertson Phraseologia Generalis (new ed.) 379 A church-yard cough; the Phthisick or Tisick.

1792 Flagellant 26 Apr. 144 The church-yard gloom assails his imagination with more terror than the pressing point of the sword.

1820 J. Keats Eve of St. Agnes in Lamia & Other Poems 92 A poor, weak, palsy-stricken, churchyard thing.

1825 H. Wilson Mem. (1929) 475 There is something so remarkably transparent about Meyler's skin, it is, in fact, a churchyard-skin..I hope I am mistaken.

1915 J. Buchan Thirty-nine Steps i. 25 He was a whining fellow with a churchyard face.

1945 ‘G. Orwell’ in Tribune 21 June 13/1 Some of these seemingly frivolous rhymes actually express a deeply pessimistic view of life, the churchyard wisdom of the peasant.

churchyard cough n. a bad cough, seemingly indicative of impending death; cf. graveyard cough n. at graveyard n. Compounds 1a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > respiratory spasms > [noun] > coughing > type of cough

fox's cough1611

churchyard cough1693

hacking1770

barking1813

graveyard cough1873

hoicking1926

smoker's cough1927

1693*Church-yard cough [see Compounds 2a].

1782 London Mag. Oct. 460/1 Lady Catterwaul was teized to sing, and she got through ‘Non temen’, &c. as well a good church yard cough, and a tolerable astmatic wheeze would permit.

1863 E. C. Gaskell Sylvia's Lovers xli Jem coughed, poor fellow! he coughed his churchyard cough.

1913 Amer. Jrnl. Clin. Med. Dec. 1045/1 Prominent symptom, cough; but that churchyard cough caused hope to battle against hope.

2002 J. Dufresne Deep in Shade of Paradise 110 She told him he ought to have that looked at. That's a churchyard cough.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	churchyard
释义	churchyardn. Brit. /ˈtʃəːtʃjɑːd/, U.S. /ˈtʃərtʃˌjɑrd/ Forms: see church n.¹ and adj. and yard n.¹ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: church n.¹, yard n.¹ Etymology: < church n.¹ + yard n.¹ Compare kirkyard n., kirk-garth n. (and North Germanic forms cited at that entry), and church garth n., and also church hay n., church haw n., church town n., church-litten n.Also attested early in surnames, as Ric. de la Chirchard (1291), John atte Chircheyerde (1298), Henry del Churcheyard (1332), etc. N.E.D. (1889) notes: ‘The stress is upon church already in Shakespeare; yet we usually say St. Paul's Churchˈyard, with stress on yard, as always in Scots.’ 1. a. The enclosed piece of consecrated ground in which a church stands, formerly almost universally used as a burial ground for the parish or district, and occasionally still used for Christian burials or memorials when space permits. Cf. kirkyard n. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > land > [noun] > churchyard church townOE churchyard?a1160 church hayc1175 kirkyardc1175 kirk-garth1298 purseynta1325 church hawc1330 sanctuary garth1412 procinct1422 precinctc1425 sanctuary1432 church-earth1449 church-littena1450 church garth1484 cemetery1485 church acre1596 God's acre1605 kirk shot1935 the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > burial > burial ground or cemetery > [noun] > churchyards church townOE churchyard?a1160 church hayc1175 church hawc1330 church-earth1449 church-littena1450 spiritualitiesa1470 church garth1484 church acre1596 yard1792 ?a1160 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough contin.) anno 1137 Ne forbaren hi nouther circe ne cyrceiærd. c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 163 Ich..Eede o Ring i chirchȝard. c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) l. 1317 Þai..comen bi a chircheȝerd And metten a bere to chirche-werd. c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. xvi. l. 11 Ne corses of poure comune in here churche-ȝerd [c1400 Vesp. chirche, c1400 Trin. Cambr. kirke]. Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 75 Chyrcheȝarde [1499 Pynson churcheyerde], cimitorium. 1512 Act 4 Hen. VIII c. 2 §2 The Churche or Churchyerd or other place preveleged. 1575–6 in J. Raine Depositions Courts Durham (1845) 278 They of St. Margaret's wolde not smatter ther own church yard with thoise that then died in the plage. a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) iii. iii. 52 Like Graues i'th holy Church-yard . View more context for this quotation 1638 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy (ed. 5) Democritus to Rdr. 61 Separate places to bury the dead in, not in churchyards. 1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 419. ¶5 The Church-yards were all haunted. 1791 A. Macaulay Hist. & Antiq. Claybrook 116 An affidavit was sent..of the body having been buried in woolen in Saint Pancras church-yard. 1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel I. 8 He..scarce could pass A church-yard's dreary mounds at silent night. 1882 Harper's Mag. Nov. 841/1 Outside, in the little churchyard, under the spreading branches of a gnarly old yew-tree, we found many curious specimens of grave-stone literature. 1929 L. W. Reese Victorian Village 3 Racing up through Saint John's churchyard on a gray afternoon..and stopping just inside the church door. 2001 R. Hill Dialogues of Dead (2002) xxviii. 322 After the interment..people milled around the churchyard. b. A burial ground not belonging to a Christian church; a cemetery; a graveyard. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > burial > burial ground or cemetery > [noun] littenc900 charnel1377 burying-place1382 fosse?a1425 churchyard1477 golgotha1604 God's acre1605 cemetery1613 burial-place1633 dormitory1634 burying-ground1711 burial-field1743 graveyard1767 burial-ground1803 burial-yard1842 boneyard1866 Boot Hill1901 necropole1921 memorial park1927 grave-site1953 1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 49^v The peple said to alexander that he was euer in the chircheyerd. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxi. xi. 92 The other..groweth commonly in churchyards among graues and tombs. 1631 E. Howes Stow's Ann. 999/1 Diuers Church-yards new layd apart, dedicated for reuerend places to bury the dead. 1678 N. Wanley Wonders Little World v. iii. §12. 474/1 Anicetus..was..buried in the Church-yard of Calistus. 1882 Trans. Soc. Biblical Archæol. 7 320 The Moslem churchyard runs the length of this wall. 2008 K. Buciek & K. Juul in B. Graham & P. Howard Ashgate Res. Compan. Heritage & Identity ii. vi. 107 The Jewish churchyards.., together with the Russian and German sections of the public cemeteries, witness to a multicultural presence. 2. The precincts or close of a cathedral or large church, as a place of residence or commerce. Now chiefly historical.The chapels, cloisters, etc., of many cathedrals (notably St Paul's, London) were seized by the Crown and sold to secular traders at the Reformation. They were often associated with the bookselling and publishing trades. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > land > [noun] > churchyard > of cathedral close1371 churchyard1467 college1824 1467 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 393 (MED) The citezens dwelling withyn the churche yordes, or ffraunchesies aioynynge to this, the citee. 1563 W. Fulke Goodle Gallerye Causes Meteors (colophon) To be sold at his shop in S. Dunstones churchyarde in the Weste. 1577 W. Fletewoode Let. 30 July in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. III. ccii. 56 Here fell a mischaunce betwene two..men, and the on of them was killed in Powles churche yarde. 1692 London Gaz. No. 2771/4 Lost..between St. Paul's Church-yard, and the Six Clerks-Office. 1766 J. Entick Surv. London in New Hist. London IV. 252 The clothiers..had their booths and standings within the church-yard. 1817 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 107 194 That instrument..which I estimated between four and five feet above the foot pavement on the north side of St. Paul's church-yard. 1905 E. G. Duff Cent. Eng. Bk. Trade 109 The colophons of these two books speak of him as living in the Minster churchyard. 2007 F. Lincoln Nature's Alchemist vii. 93 The poet and preacher John Milton lived in the churchyard of St Bride's on Fleet Street. Phrases Proverb. a green winter (also Christmas) makes a fat churchyard and variants: a warm winter causes many deaths. ΚΠ 1635 J. Swan Speculum Mundi v. §2. 161 A hot Christmas makes a fat Church-yard. 1710 Brit. Apollo 27–29 Nov. A Green Christmas makes a Fat Church-Yard. 1791 R. Townley Jrnl. kept Isle of Man I. 309 It is an old saying, That a green winter makes a fat church-yard. 1838 J. Comstock Tongue of Time x. 347 Dr. Rush inclined to give credence to the opinion, that a green Christmas makes a fat churchyard. 1868 T. Inman On Preserv. of Health xvii. 113 ‘I suppose this sharp, bracing air makes all your patients well, eh?’ ‘You know the old proverb—“A green winter makes a fat churchyard”,—ha ha.’ 1921 Greater N.Y. 19 Dec. 13/2 It may be that the maxim: ‘A green Winter makes a fat churchyard’, is all wrong. 1995 H. Dunmore Spell of Winter viii. 96 ‘A green winter makes a full churchyard,’ everyone said. Compounds C1. General attributive. ΚΠ 1448 Acct. in Berks, Bucks & Oxon Archæol. Jrnl. (1902) 8 58 (MED) For mendyng ye chirch yard gate i d.ob. 1460–5 Churchwardens' Accts. St. Andrew's, Eastcheap in Brit. Mag. 31 394 For..a kay to the chyrch yard durr and for ij Crewettys. 1584 in J. Barmby Churchwardens' Accts. Pittington (1888) 16 For mendinge a gappe in the churchyard wall..ij d. 1602 R. Carew Surv. Cornwall ii. f. 137^v The Curate..receiued him at the Church yard stile. 1680 in W. Cramond Church of Grange (1898) 35 That the churchyard dykes should be pinned with stone and lyme to prevent their ruine. 1798 W. Wordsworth We are Seven in W. Wordsworth & S. T. Coleridge Lyrical Ballads 111 In the church-yard cottage, I Dwell near them with my mother. 1831 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 29 219 The bodiless cherubs on our churchyard stones. 1875 G. MacDonald Malcolm I. vii. 67 A cottage rather larger than the rest, which stood close by the churchyard gate. 1910 E. M. Forster Howards End xi. 85 A wood-cutter,..perched high above their heads, pollarding one of the churchyard elms. 1937 ‘S. Smith’ Good Time was had by All 25 The churchyard pales are black against the night. 1992 Nat. World Autumn 29/4 The RSNC Wildlife Trusts Partnership promotes a number of themes, including..churchyard conservation, wildlife hospital gardens and community nature reserves. C2. a. attributive. With allusion to the churchyard as the site of burial: associated with or indicative of (impending) death; (also) melancholy, sepulchral.Recorded earliest in churchyard cough n. at Compounds 2b; now rare except in this collocation. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > burial > burial ground or cemetery > [adjective] > type of churchyard1693 catacumbal1865 necropolitan1877 1693 W. Robertson Phraseologia Generalis (new ed.) 379 A church-yard cough; the Phthisick or Tisick. 1792 Flagellant 26 Apr. 144 The church-yard gloom assails his imagination with more terror than the pressing point of the sword. 1820 J. Keats Eve of St. Agnes in Lamia & Other Poems 92 A poor, weak, palsy-stricken, churchyard thing. 1825 H. Wilson Mem. (1929) 475 There is something so remarkably transparent about Meyler's skin, it is, in fact, a churchyard-skin..I hope I am mistaken. 1915 J. Buchan Thirty-nine Steps i. 25 He was a whining fellow with a churchyard face. 1945 ‘G. Orwell’ in Tribune 21 June 13/1 Some of these seemingly frivolous rhymes actually express a deeply pessimistic view of life, the churchyard wisdom of the peasant. b. churchyard cough n. a bad cough, seemingly indicative of impending death; cf. graveyard cough n. at graveyard n. Compounds 1a. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > respiratory spasms > [noun] > coughing > type of cough fox's cough1611 churchyard cough1693 hacking1770 barking1813 graveyard cough1873 hoicking1926 smoker's cough1927 1693Church-yard cough [see Compounds 2a]. 1782 London Mag.* Oct. 460/1 Lady Catterwaul was teized to sing, and she got through ‘Non temen’, &c. as well a good church yard cough, and a tolerable astmatic wheeze would permit. 1863 E. C. Gaskell Sylvia's Lovers xli Jem coughed, poor fellow! he coughed his churchyard cough. 1913 Amer. Jrnl. Clin. Med. Dec. 1045/1 Prominent symptom, cough; but that churchyard cough caused hope to battle against hope. 2002 J. Dufresne Deep in Shade of Paradise 110 She told him he ought to have that looked at. That's a churchyard cough. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.?a1160
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