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单词 aforyen
释义

aforyenprep.adv.

Forms:

α. late Old English anforngean, early Middle English aforenan renangen (transmission error), early Middle English aforneȝean, early Middle English aforneȝen, early Middle English afornegene, early Middle English afornneȝein, early Middle English afornneȝen, late Middle English afornyeyn.

β. Middle English auoreye (south-eastern), Middle English auorye (south-eastern), late Middle English aforȝeyn, late Middle English aforyen, late Middle English aforyeyn, late Middle English aforyin.

γ. Middle English aforȝens, Middle English afornaȝens, late Middle English aforȝeynes.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: afore adv., again prep.
Etymology: < afore adv. + again prep. Compare earlier forne again at forne adv. 3a. Compare also afornon prep., afornon adv.With the γ. forms compare the β. forms at against prep., conj., adv., and n.
Obsolete.
A. prep.
1. Opposite; in front of. Also figurative: in the presence of.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > presence > in the presence of [preposition]
beforeeOE
toforec1000
aforyenlOE
atforec1175
againsta1225
atc1275
aforec1330
anenta1382
the world > space > relative position > opposite position > opposite [preposition]
anentOE
againOE
aforyenlOE
againsta1225
in contrary ofc1400
to-gainsc1450
fornent1524
thwart of1589
oppositea1596
vis-à-vis1847
lOE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Vesp. D.xiv) in R. D.-N. Warner Early Eng. Homilies (1917) xxx. 45 Þa þa heo [sc. Mary] stod dreorig anforngean [OE Royal forn angean] Cristes rode.
?a1200 ( tr. Pseudo-Apuleius Herbarium (Harl. 6258B) xviii. 63 Ahoh eac þare wurte wurtume abutan þas mannes swuran, þa þæt he hangian aforne ȝean [OE Vitell. forne gean, L. contra] þa miltan.
?a1200 (?OE) Peri Didaxeon (1896) 45 Eftsona nim alewen and myrra.., meng eall togadere; nim þona [read sona] acuma and wylle þaron and lege aforenan renangen [read aforen angen] þane mæge.
c1300 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Otho) (1978) l. 9246 Þar sat Vther þe king in his heȝe setle, aforneȝen him Gorlois.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 18 (MED) He is wel vileyn and ontrewe auoreye his lhord.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 213 (MED) We ssolle þe festes of halȝen loki, and bidde þet hi ous helpe auoreye oure lhord Iesu crist.
c1450 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Harl. 2280) (1881) ii. l. 1188 The ȝonder house þat stant a-forȝeynes [a1413 Pierpont Morgan a-forn yeyn; a1425 Corpus Cambr. 61 aforȝeyn] vs.
2. With regard to, in respect of, as concerns.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > relation [preposition] > respecting or concerning
ofOE
to-gainsc1175
againsta1225
anentc1225
towarda1240
froc1300
aforyen1340
again1340
touchinga1387
touchinga1398
touchant1399
concerning1525
re1707
fornent1709
regarding1779
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 24 (MED) Þe kendeliche guodes byeþ þo þet me clepeþ by kende..Auorye þet bodi, ase helþe, uayrhede..Auorye þe zaule, ase clier wyt.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 124 (MED) Þise þri hyeldeþ man ine guod stat auorye him-zelue.
c1450 (c1400) Bk. Vices & Virtues (Huntington) (1942) 85 (MED) For as a-forȝens [c1400 Simeon anentes] þe body, we ben alle of o modre..þer-of we haue take flesch and blod.
c1450 (c1400) Bk. Vices & Virtues (Huntington) (1942) 255 (MED) My chastite schal be doubled to me, as aforȝens þe coroune of ioye.
B. adv.
In the opposite position.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > opposite position > [adverb]
anenteOE
theregainsc1330
aforyena1400
overa1400
overthwarta1425
fornent1548
overright against1565
oppositelyc1593
opposite1609
over-right1618
squarely1802
en regard1909
a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 223 (MED) Þan lete him blood in þe arm aforȝens [L. ex contrario] & not in þe same side.
a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 302 (MED) Whanne þou wolt wiþ bloodletyng make þe mater go to þe place aforȝens [L. ad oppositum].
c1450 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Bodl. 277) (1850) Mark xv. 39 Aforn aȝens [L. ex adverso; a1425 Royal the centurien that stood forn aȝens siȝ, that he so criynge hadde diede].
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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prep.adv.lOE
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