chirkv.

Brit.

/tʃəːk/, U.S.

/tʃərk/

Forms: (Old English cearcian), Middle English–1500s chirke, Middle English–1500s chyrke, Middle English–1600s cherk(e, 1500s churke, 1500s– chirk.

Etymology: In its origin, a variant of chark v.¹ < Old English cearcian , stridēre , with which sense 1 coincides. The change to chirk was not phonetic, but evidently a modification adapted to express a thinner sound: another (Scots) variant chork v., expresses a coarser sound. It was in the form chirk that the word was applied to the voice of birds, for which the original chark was not used. (Here association with chirm may also have worked.) In this sense there further arose the variants chirp v. and chirp v., the latter of which became the prevailing form.

†1. intransitive. To make a strident noise; to grate (or otherwise make a noise with) the teeth; to creak as a door; to croak. Obsolete exc. Scottish dialect.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > unpleasant quality > shrill quality > sound shrill [verb (intransitive)] > creak

chirkc1386

chark1393

fratchc1440

geig1513

jarg1513

graislea1522

cry?1523

screak1565

creak1582

crake1656

complain1722

to cry out1781

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > unpleasant quality > harsh or discordant quality > harsh or discordant [verb (intransitive)] > grate > grind or gnash teeth

gristbitec900

grindc1000

gnasta1300

grinta1300

gnacche13..

chirka1387

grenta1425

grunt1426

gristc1460

gnash1496

to crash with the teeth1530

grash1563

granch1736

chark1825

c1000 Ælfric Gram. (Z.) xxvi. 157 Strideo oððe strido ic cearcige oððe ic gristbitige.

c1386 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale ⁋531 Of hem that bileeuen in diuynailes as..by chirkynge of dores.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 159 Makiþ hir noyse wiþ grisbaytynge and chirkynge of teeþ.

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvi. xxxvii. 845 Electrum..chirkeþ and chaungeþ ofte into dyuers colours [1535 maketh a greate chyrkynge noyse].

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 76 Chyrkynge, sibilatus.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 76 Chyrkyn', sibilo.

1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. x. 439 Least the vehemency of chirking frogs, vexe the wish'd for Repose.

1806 R. Jamieson Pop. Ballads II. 338 (Jam.) The doors will chirk.

a. To chirp, chirrup (as a bird); to make a noise with the lips like a bird's chirp; to squeak (as a mouse). archaic and dialect. (Not in Scottish.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > by noises > voice or sound made by animal > make sound [verb (intransitive)] > whistle or chirp

whistlec1000

wlitec1200

pipec1275

chirkc1386

chirtc1386

pulea1398

whitter1513

cheepa1522

peep1534

churtle1570

chipper1593

crick1601

grill1688

crink1781

yeep1834

chip1868

the world > animals > birds > sound or bird defined by > [verb (intransitive)] > chirp or twitter

chirmOE

chattera1250

janglea1300

jargon?a1366

chirkc1386

chirtc1386

chitterc1386

twittera1387

chirpc1440

yipc1440

channerc1480

quitter1513

chirrup1579

chipper1593

pip1598

gingreate1623

chita1639

sweet1677

shatter17..

swee-swee1839

weet-weet1845

cheet1855

tweet1856

twiddle1863

weet1866

the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Rodentia or rodent > superfamily Myomorpha (mouse, rat, vole, or hamster) > [verb (intransitive)] > squeak (of a mouse)

chirkc1386

c1386 G. Chaucer Summoner's Tale 96 [He] kist hir swete, and chirkith as a sparwe With his lippes.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 484 I chyrke, I make a noyse, as myse do in a house.

1533 T. More Apol. xlvii, in Wks. 922/1 A few birdes..chirking and fleing from bushe to bushe.

1565–78 T. Cooper Thesaurus Gingrio, to churke or make a chirme as birdes doe.

1575 G. Turberville Bk. Faulconrie 143 Chyrke wyth your voyce, and vse those other soundes which Falconers do to their Hawkes.

1865 A. C. Swinburne Masque Queen Bersabe in Poems & Ballads 28 Ye chirk as starlings that be fed.

1885 A. Dobson At Sign of Lyre 201 The sparrow..chirketh lustily.

†b. transitive. To incite by ‘chirking’. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > sounds like animal or bird sounds > [verb (transitive)] > chirp or chirrup

chirk1486

chirrup1785

1486 Bk. St. Albans B. iiij b Cherke hir and whistyll hir [the hawk].

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxxv. x. 542 A horse-rider cheering and chirking up his horse.

a. To become cheerful, cheer up. (U.S. colloquial; see chirk adj.)

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > pleasure > cheerfulness > be cheerful [verb (intransitive)] > become cheerful or cheer up

cheer?1553

to look up1600

come1607

to cheer up1620

exhilarate1620

brighten1692

to come to1765

to come about1775

spurk1823

to hearten up1834

to buck up1844

chirk1844

pearten1851

to come around1853

to liven up1863

to chipper up1867

lighten1873

pep1910

to lighten up1911

1844 ‘J. Slick’ High Life N.Y. I. 231 All I could do she wouldn't chirk up.

1860 J. G. Holland Miss Gilbert's Career vi. 102 I ra'ally hope..she'll chirk up, and get along comfortable.

1886 Roe Fell in Love xiii. 117 Don't you worry now; chirk up and you'll come out all right.

1887 M. E. Wilkins Humble Romance 17 P'rhaps nothin' awful's goin' to happen... Chirk up an' give us a kiss.

1951 H. Giles Harbin's Ridge 139 He chirked up from then on. All of us felt better then.

b. transitive. To make cheerful, to brighten up. U.S. colloquial.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > pleasure > cheerfulness > make cheerful [verb (transitive)]

to mend a person's cheera1325

raisec1384

cherishc1400

rehetec1400

blithec1440

cheer1440

lightena1450

light?1473

embellish1481

hearten1524

exhilarate1540

laetificate1547

to cheer up1550

lift1572

to do a person's heart good1575

acheera1592

upcheerc1595

cherry1596

relevate1598

encheer1605

brighten1607

buoy1652

undumpisha1661

to lift (up) a person's spirits1711

cheerfulize1781

blithen1824

pearten1827

chirk1843

to chipper up1873

to chirp up188.

to buck up1909

1843 Yale Lit. Mag. Feb. 26 All our folks appear more chirkier than they usually feel, in order to chirk her up.

1887 R. T. Cooke Happy Dodd xii. 122 Ef there's a mortal thing I can do to help ye, or chirk ye up, I want to do it right off.

1911 E. Ferber Dawn O'Hara xvi. 238 I donned a becoming gown to chirk up my courage.

1912 W. Irwin Red Button 40 The thought chirked me a lot.

1923 Chambers's Jrnl. Apr. 540/2 I'll stay right on here and do what I can to chirk the place up.

1938 Sun (Baltimore) 4 Mar. 10/5 I kind o' feel chirked up about my abilities as a prophet. I said..there was a likelihood we would have a blizzard..and sure enough..it came.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	chirk
释义	chirkadj. Brit. /tʃəːk/, U.S. /tʃərk/ Etymology: perhaps < chirk v.: but probably associated with cheer. U.S. colloquial. ‘Lively, cheerful, in good spirits’ (Webster). ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pleasure > cheerfulness > [adjective] > cheerful and lively taitc1300 cant1330 crouse?a1400 pert?a1513 sprightya1522 aleger1590 sprightly1594 sunshine1594 brighta1616 lifesomec1635 flippant1711 cantya1724 saucy1741 chirk1789 chipper1806 chirrupy1808 up1815 chirpy1837 breezy1870 cyclonish1884 1789 N. Webster Diss. Eng. Lang. 387 This word is wholly lost except in New England. It is there used for comfortably, bravely, cheerful, as when one inquires about a sick person, it is said, he is chirk. 1816 J. Pickering Vocab. U.S. 59 It should be remarked, that the adjective chirk is used only in the interior of New England; and even there, I think, only by the illiterate. It is never heard in the sea-port towns. 1833 Lett. President's Tour by Major Jack Downing vi. 19 The General looked as chirk and lively as a skipper. 1876 J. G. Holland Story of Sevenoaks (new ed.) vii. 93 Be'n purty chirk this summer? 1885 U.S. Mag. in Free Ch. Monthly Aug. 244/1 He was as chirk and bright a little fellow as ever was. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2022). chirkv. Brit. /tʃəːk/, U.S. /tʃərk/ Forms: (Old English cearcian), Middle English–1500s chirke, Middle English–1500s chyrke, Middle English–1600s cherk(e, 1500s churke, 1500s– chirk. Etymology: In its origin, a variant of chark v.¹ < Old English cearcian , stridēre , with which sense 1 coincides. The change to chirk was not phonetic, but evidently a modification adapted to express a thinner sound: another (Scots) variant chork v., expresses a coarser sound. It was in the form chirk that the word was applied to the voice of birds, for which the original chark was not used. (Here association with chirm may also have worked.) In this sense there further arose the variants chirp v. and chirp v., the latter of which became the prevailing form. †1. intransitive. To make a strident noise; to grate (or otherwise make a noise with) the teeth; to creak as a door; to croak. Obsolete exc. Scottish dialect. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > unpleasant quality > shrill quality > sound shrill [verb (intransitive)] > creak chirkc1386 chark1393 fratchc1440 geig1513 jarg1513 graislea1522 cry?1523 screak1565 creak1582 crake1656 complain1722 to cry out1781 the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > unpleasant quality > harsh or discordant quality > harsh or discordant [verb (intransitive)] > grate > grind or gnash teeth gristbitec900 grindc1000 gnasta1300 grinta1300 gnacche13.. chirka1387 grenta1425 grunt1426 gristc1460 gnash1496 to crash with the teeth1530 grash1563 granch1736 chark1825 c1000 Ælfric Gram. (Z.) xxvi. 157 Strideo oððe strido ic cearcige oððe ic gristbitige. c1386 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale ⁋531 Of hem that bileeuen in diuynailes as..by chirkynge of dores. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 159 Makiþ hir noyse wiþ grisbaytynge and chirkynge of teeþ. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvi. xxxvii. 845 Electrum..chirkeþ and chaungeþ ofte into dyuers colours [1535 maketh a greate chyrkynge noyse]. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 76 Chyrkynge, sibilatus. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 76 Chyrkyn', sibilo. 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. x. 439 Least the vehemency of chirking frogs, vexe the wish'd for Repose. 1806 R. Jamieson Pop. Ballads II. 338 (Jam.) The doors will chirk. 2. a. To chirp, chirrup (as a bird); to make a noise with the lips like a bird's chirp; to squeak (as a mouse). archaic and dialect. (Not in Scottish.) ΘΚΠ the world > animals > by noises > voice or sound made by animal > make sound [verb (intransitive)] > whistle or chirp whistlec1000 wlitec1200 pipec1275 chirkc1386 chirtc1386 pulea1398 whitter1513 cheepa1522 peep1534 churtle1570 chipper1593 crick1601 grill1688 crink1781 yeep1834 chip1868 the world > animals > birds > sound or bird defined by > [verb (intransitive)] > chirp or twitter chirmOE chattera1250 janglea1300 jargon?a1366 chirkc1386 chirtc1386 chitterc1386 twittera1387 chirpc1440 yipc1440 channerc1480 quitter1513 chirrup1579 chipper1593 pip1598 gingreate1623 chita1639 sweet1677 shatter17.. swee-swee1839 weet-weet1845 cheet1855 tweet1856 twiddle1863 weet1866 the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Rodentia or rodent > superfamily Myomorpha (mouse, rat, vole, or hamster) > [verb (intransitive)] > squeak (of a mouse) chirkc1386 c1386 G. Chaucer Summoner's Tale 96 [He] kist hir swete, and chirkith as a sparwe With his lippes. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 484 I chyrke, I make a noyse, as myse do in a house. 1533 T. More Apol. xlvii, in Wks. 922/1 A few birdes..chirking and fleing from bushe to bushe. 1565–78 T. Cooper Thesaurus Gingrio, to churke or make a chirme as birdes doe. 1575 G. Turberville Bk. Faulconrie 143 Chyrke wyth your voyce, and vse those other soundes which Falconers do to their Hawkes. 1865 A. C. Swinburne Masque Queen Bersabe in Poems & Ballads 28 Ye chirk as starlings that be fed. 1885 A. Dobson At Sign of Lyre 201 The sparrow..chirketh lustily. †b. transitive. To incite by ‘chirking’. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > sounds like animal or bird sounds > [verb (transitive)] > chirp or chirrup chirk1486 chirrup1785 1486 Bk. St. Albans B. iiij b Cherke hir and whistyll hir [the hawk]. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxxv. x. 542 A horse-rider cheering and chirking up his horse. 3. a. To become cheerful, cheer up. (U.S. colloquial; see chirk adj.) ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pleasure > cheerfulness > be cheerful [verb (intransitive)] > become cheerful or cheer up cheer?1553 to look up1600 come1607 to cheer up1620 exhilarate1620 brighten1692 to come to1765 to come about1775 spurk1823 to hearten up1834 to buck up1844 chirk1844 pearten1851 to come around1853 to liven up1863 to chipper up1867 lighten1873 pep1910 to lighten up1911 1844 ‘J. Slick’ High Life N.Y. I. 231 All I could do she wouldn't chirk up. 1860 J. G. Holland Miss Gilbert's Career vi. 102 I ra'ally hope..she'll chirk up, and get along comfortable. 1886 Roe Fell in Love xiii. 117 Don't you worry now; chirk up and you'll come out all right. 1887 M. E. Wilkins Humble Romance 17 P'rhaps nothin' awful's goin' to happen... Chirk up an' give us a kiss. 1951 H. Giles Harbin's Ridge 139 He chirked up from then on. All of us felt better then. b. transitive. To make cheerful, to brighten up. U.S. colloquial. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pleasure > cheerfulness > make cheerful [verb (transitive)] to mend a person's cheera1325 raisec1384 cherishc1400 rehetec1400 blithec1440 cheer1440 lightena1450 light?1473 embellish1481 hearten1524 exhilarate1540 laetificate1547 to cheer up1550 lift1572 to do a person's heart good1575 acheera1592 upcheerc1595 cherry1596 relevate1598 encheer1605 brighten1607 buoy1652 undumpisha1661 to lift (up) a person's spirits1711 cheerfulize1781 blithen1824 pearten1827 chirk1843 to chipper up1873 to chirp up188. to buck up1909 1843 Yale Lit. Mag. Feb. 26 All our folks appear more chirkier than they usually feel, in order to chirk her up. 1887 R. T. Cooke Happy Dodd xii. 122 Ef there's a mortal thing I can do to help ye, or chirk ye up, I want to do it right off. 1911 E. Ferber Dawn O'Hara xvi. 238 I donned a becoming gown to chirk up my courage. 1912 W. Irwin Red Button 40 The thought chirked me a lot. 1923 Chambers's Jrnl. Apr. 540/2 I'll stay right on here and do what I can to chirk the place up. 1938 Sun (Baltimore) 4 Mar. 10/5 I kind o' feel chirked up about my abilities as a prophet. I said..there was a likelihood we would have a blizzard..and sure enough..it came. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1789v.c1000
随便看	great asianism great attractor great auk great australian dream great awakening great balls of fire great bear great bellied great belly great belt great bible great black and white gull great black cockatoo great black woodpecker great black-backed gull great blackback great blackbacked gull great blue great blue heron great blue lead great boast and small roast great bone great book great book of public debt great book of the public debt

chirkadj.

chirkv.