cholericn.adj.

Brit.

/ˈkɒl(ə)rɪk/,

/kɒˈlɛrɪk/, U.S.

/ˈkɑlərɪk/,

/kəˈlɛrɪk/

Forms: Middle English colorik, Middle English coloryke, Middle English colrik, Middle English colryk, Middle English–1500s colerike, Middle English–1500s coleryk, Middle English–1500s coleryke, Middle English–1500s colleryk, Middle English–1500s colloryke, Middle English–1500s coloryk, Middle English–1500s coloryke, Middle English–1600s colerik, 1500s cholarik, 1500s cholarike, 1500s choleryck, 1500s cholerycke, 1500s choliricke, 1500s choloricke, 1500s choloricque, 1500s cholorique, 1500s colerycke, 1500s colleryke, 1500s colorycke, 1500s–1600s cholarick, 1500s–1600s cholaricke, 1500s–1600s cholerike, 1500s–1600s cholerique, 1500s–1600s choleryke, 1500s–1600s chollericke, 1500s–1600s chollorick, 1500s–1600s cholloricke, 1500s–1600s choloricke, 1500s–1600s collerick, 1500s–1600s collericke, 1500s–1700s cholerick, 1500s–1700s chollerick, 1500s– choleric, 1600s cholericque, 1600s cholleric, 1600s chollerycke, 1600s colerick, 1600s collerik, 1600s–1700s cholorick, 1700s collarick; also Scottish pre-1700 colerik, pre-1700 colerike, pre-1700 coleryk, pre-1700 coloryk.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French colerique; Latin cholericus.

Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman coleric, colerik, Anglo-Norman and Middle French colerique, collerique, Middle French cholerique, collorique, colloricque, colorique (French cholérique , colérique ) (noun) person having a predominance of choler among the bodily humours (13th cent. in Old French), irascible person (late 14th cent.), (adjective) containing the humour choler (beginning of the 13th cent. in Old French), designating the humour choler (14th cent.), irascible, hot-tempered, prone to anger (early 14th cent.), enraged, angry (a1372), and its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin cholericus, colericus bilious (late 4th cent.; frequently from c1200 in British sources), prone to anger (13th cent. in British sources; already in classical Latin as noun, denoting a person suffering from cholera (see cholera n. 3)) < ancient Greek χολερικός of or like cholera (see cholera n. 3), in Hellenistic Greek also suffering from cholera, liable to produce cholera < χολέρα cholera n. + -ικός -ic suffix. Compare Catalan colèric (14th cent. as adjective, also as noun), Spanish colérico (late 14th cent. as noun and adjective), Portuguese colérico (15th cent. as adjective, also as noun), Italian collerico (beginning of the 14th cent. as adjective, also as noun); also Middle Low German colērik , noun, German cholerisch , adjective (end of the 15th cent. as †colerisch ). Compare cholerical adj.With the formal variation compare discussion at choler n. With the forms with medial -o- , compare parallels in various Romance languages which ultimately reflect association with classical Latin color colour n.¹, e.g. Old French, Middle French colorique (13th cent.), Spanish †colorico (late 14th cent.), Portuguese †collorico (15th cent.). With use in senses A. 3 and B. 7 compare French cholérique (noun) person suffering from cholera (1811 or earlier), (adjective) of, relating to, or affected by cholera (1814). N.E.D. (1889) only records the pronunciation with first-syllable stress, as do pronouncing dictionaries up to the mid 20th cent.; with this, compare choler n. The alternative pronunciation with second-syllable stress may have been influenced by the stress position in the foreign-language parallels or perhaps by stress shift from the preantepenultimate to the antepenultimate syllable in the adverbs cholerically, cholericly.

A. n.

1. Originally: a person having a predominance of choler (choler n. 2a) among the bodily humours (now historical). Later also: an irascible person.

ΚΠ

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 157 Þe dyeuel..asayleþ stranglakest þane colrik mid ire and mid discord, þane sanguinien mid ioliuete.

a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 220 The colerike by kynde he sholde be lene of body,..of sharpe witte,..a grette entremyttere,..foolehardy,..hasty of worde.

1526 Grete Herball sig. G.v^v/1 For to gyue it to colerykes it ought to be soden with iuce of pomegarnettes or orenges.

?1558 H. Baker tr. O. Fine Rules Vse of Almanackes (new ed.) sig. G.i The signes mete are Aries, and Sagittarius, for the flemmatikes, and the firste parte of Libra, for the melancolickes, and for the cholerickes Cancer Pisces.

1606 T. Palmer Ess. Meanes to make Trauailes more Profitable ii. 75 Hence wee diuine all phlegmatickes and sanguinistes effeminate by nature; as all melancholickes and cholerickes warlike.

1678 J. Shirley Short Compend. Chirurgery i. 16 Cholericks are of a yellowish colour, a light disposition, and a lean Body; they are witty and liberal, but wrathful and revengeful.

a1743 J. Cannon Chrons. (2010) II. 313 This Robert Swanton was a hasty Cholerick, stuttering & eager in his speech especially when moved or in a passion.

1797 R. Hooper tr. J. J. R. von Plenck Hygrology 231 Melancholics not unfrequently have black hair; phlegmatics, whitish; cholerics, blackish.

1813 J. C. Prichard Res. Physical Hist. Man iv. §3. 171 It is said, that..the choleric is more prone to anger, and the melancholic to insanity.

1822 J. M. Good Study Med. I. 510 It [sc. the nervous cough] is a frequent attendant upon persons of a nervous or irritable temperament, and hence common to the hysteric, dyspeptic, and choleric.

a1963 C. S. Lewis Discarded Image (1964) viii. 172 Cholerics dream of thunder and of bright, dangerous things.

1994 B. Nerlich tr. R. Keller On Lang. Change ii. 19 The cholerics amongst them bickered and growled when they were angry.

2002 K. Albala Eating Right in Renaissance v. 176 Sixteenth-century regimens commended lettuce only for cholerics and never for phlegmatics.

2. With the and plural agreement. Choleric people as a class.

ΚΠ

1576 T. Newton tr. L. Lemnie Touchstone of Complexions ii. ii. f. 99^v The Cholerique are bitter taunters, dry bobbers, nyppinge gybers and skornefull mockers of others.

1595 A. Golding tr. J. Hurault Politicke, Moral, & Martial Disc. ii. xiv. 362 (margin) The cholerick are vnmeete to teach children.

1620 T. Venner Via Recta vii. 156 Raw Parsley is hurtfull to the cholericke.

1681 Bp. G. Burnet Serm. before Lord Mayor & Aldermen, Sept. 2 12 The Sanguine love Pageantry; the Flegmatick, the dull return of their Forms..; and the Cholerick are peevish and passionate.

1762 S. Foote Orators ii. 59 You will have at one view, the choleric..the frigid, the frothy..and the clamorous.

1815 L. S. Boyne Cursory Remarks Physical & Moral Hist. Human Beings 249 The Choleric, are extremely irritable, and prone to anger, liable to be carried away by every gust of passion.

1860 A. C. L. Botta Hand-bk. Universal Lit. 204 The proud are overwhelmed with enormous weights; the envious are clothed in garments of horse-hair..; the choleric are suffocated with smoke.

1914 H. Münsterberg Psychol, Gen. & Appl. xvi. 237 The choleric and the melancholic are subject to strong emotions, on the whole, with a pessimistic tendency.

2005 A. Furnham People Business 119 Extraverted neurotics (the choleric) are touchy, restless, aggressive, excitable, and changeable.

†3. A person affected with cholera; = choleraic n. Cf. sense B. 7. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1832 J. W. Sterling tr. Rep. Cholera-Morbus 15 According to the saying of almost all observers, the face of cholerics, differing but little from the hippocratic face, is so highly characteristic, that this sign would of itself suffice for the diagnosis of the disease.

1885 U.S. Consular Rep. June 680 The commission tried to make the autopsy of a choleric whom I saw in the penal establishment of San Miguel.

B. adj.

a. Of a person: having a predominance of choler (choler n. 2a) among the bodily humours. Now historical.Frequently with reference to the irascible temperament formerly believed to result from such a predominance, hence sometimes overlapping with sense B. 5a.Occasionally perhaps with reference to predisposition to diseases believed to result from an excess of choler (cf. sense B. 2a).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > anger > irascibility > [adjective] > irascible (of person) > having choler as dominant humour

cholerica1398

cholerc1475

cholery1662

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. iv. x. 159 Colerik men beþ generalliche wraþeful..in body long, sklendre, and lene.

c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 589 The Reue was a sclendre coleryk man.

a1500 (?c1425) Speculum Sacerdotale (1936) 93 Man that is colerik is naturaly wraþful, þouȝt hatyng, and deceyuynge.

1542 A. Borde Compend. Regyment Helth viii. sig. D.iii Sanguyne and colorycke men.

1563 T. Gale Certaine Wks. Chirurg. iv. ii. f. 73^v In ceasynge of paynes in the goute of cholericke personnes.

1584 T. Cogan Hauen of Health ccxiii. 197 Honie is verie..unwholsome for..such as be cholericke.

1600 L. Lewkenor tr. A. de Torquemada Spanish Mandeuile f. 59 The chollerick man is commonly hasty and heedelesse..and the flegmatick more slowe and tardife.

1659 S. Patrick Hearts Ease 216 Thou dost but like him that adminsters Wine to a man in a Feavour, or Honey to a Cholerick person, or meat to him that is troubled with the Collick, which do not strengthen, but destroy them.

1700 J. Dryden Fables Pref. sig. *B Our two Great Poets [sc. Homer and Virgil] being so different in their Tempers, one Cholerick and Sanguin, the other Phlegmatick and Melancholick.

1798 H. Hunter tr. J. C. Lavater Ess. Physiognomy III. ii. 128 In what manner ought a choleric father to treat and direct his choleric son? a sanguine mother her melancholy daughter?

1856 W. Daniell Let. 8 Oct. in C. Darwin Corr. (1990) VI. 241 I am distinctly of opinion..that a sanguineous or choleric, or light complexioned man stands the African climate twice as well and as long again as the melancholic or dark complexioned man.

1961 J. W. Draper Stratford to Dogberry xviii. 158 On its [sc. choler's] psychological effects,..there was little disagreement. Choleric people were supposed to be ‘obstinate’ and yet ‘inconsistant’, ‘propt [sic] of wit’, but given to ‘furie’.

2004 H. Mancing Cervantes Encycl. I. 379 People were often described in terms of their dominant humor; they were melancholic, phlegmatic, sanguine, or choleric.

b. Of a complexion (complexion n. 1), temperament, etc.: dominated or characterized by choler. Now historical.

ΚΠ

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. viii. xiii. 481 Mars..haþ maistrie ouer colera and fire and colerik complexioun [L. preest colere & colerice complexioni].

1558 W. Bullein Govt. Healthe f. lxv^v It is not best for chollericke complexions, but good for flegmatike, and indifferent for melancoly.

1609 C. Butler Feminine Monarchie vi. sig. H2^v The Bees..with their cholerike complexion, which their very colour bewraieth.

1671 J. Sharp Midwives Bk. iii. ii. 176 The most frequent cause of barrenness in young lusty women that are of a cholerick complexion, is driness of the Matrix.

1746 tr. H. Boerhaave Acad. Lect. Theory Physic VI. 136 A choleric or bilious Constitution is said to discover itself by an abundance of black and curling Hair,..a quick and large Pulse, Boldness and Angriness of Temper.

1809 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 21 199 The choleric, phlegmatic, sanguine, and melancholic temperaments, are said to be occasioned by a humid and dry, hot and cold constitution.

1856 A. E. Small Dis. Nerv. Syst. 91 Nux vomica..is suitable for sanguine and choleric temperaments, subject to gastric derangements and bilious complaints,..irrascible [sic] and irritable.

1915 Pop. Sci. Monthly June 592 Fire as warm and dry..is represented in the body by the yellow bile, and produces the fiery or choleric temperament.

1995 Independent on Sunday 24 Dec. (Real Lives section) 5/6 Medieval dieticians, according to their theories of diet and personality, recommended the leaf as an antidote to fever and choleric dispositions.

†2.

a. Caused by or containing choler (choler n. 2a), esp. in excessive quantity or abnormal form. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disordered secretion > [adjective] > bilious disorders

cholerica1398

melancholianta1400

gallish1551

melancholical1559

melancholish1562

cholerical1569

cholerous1583

atrabilar1597

melancholic1598

atrabilaric1620

melancholeric1650

atrabilious1651

bilious1651

atrabilary1676

atrabilarian1678

atrabilous1681

atrabilarious1684

atrabiliary1725

biliary1837

acholic1866

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. vi. xxi. 328 Som wyn..bynemeþ colerik hedeache.

?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (Paris) (1971) 100 Colrik apostemes ben cleped herisipile by a comune name.

1539 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe (new ed.) ii. i. f. 15^v In a cholerike stomake biefe is better dygested than a chykens legge.

1590 ‘Pasquil’ First Pt. Pasquils Apol. sig. C2^v But for Cholericke diseases this scorching wether.

1632 tr. G. Bruele Praxis Medicinæ 223 Cholericke, sowre and stinking geere is voyded vpward and downeward for the space of many houres.

1657 W. Coles Adam in Eden lxxi It is very profitable in Cholerick Feavers.

1707 J. Floyer Physician's Pulse-watch 379 The Serum and choleric Blood are mix'd..when the Vesica invades the Heart.

1724 J. Crawford Cursus Medicinæ 287 The symptoms that follow are, the jaundice, a choleric indisposition, stones and tumor of the liver, obstructions, [etc.].

1739 J. K'Eogh Zoologia Medicinalis Hibernica 116 A choleric flux of the belly is dangerous, so is also a bloody flux.

1800 W. C. Brown tr. G. Borsieri de Kanifeld Inst. Pract. Med. I. 429 Thus one [synochus] is sanguineous, or plethoric, another choleric,..and so on.

b. Of a food: causing an excess of choler. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disordered secretion > [adjective] > bilious disorders > causing

melancholicc1385

melancholiousa1400

melancholya1425

choleric?1533

?1533 G. Du Wes Introductorie for to lerne Frenche sig. Eeii Whan they ben rosted, they ben somwhat more colloryke.

1599 T. Nashe Lenten Stuffe 37 A chollericke parcell of food it is.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) iv. iii. 19 What say you to a Neats foote?.. I feare it is too chollericke a meate.

1674 J. Love Clavis Medicinæ viii. 19 It [sc. the Heart-burning] continues long in some people..especially by eating Fat, Salt, and Cholerick Meats.

3. Designating the humour choler. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > secretory organs > secretion > [adjective] > humours > specific

moista1393

cholerica1398

melancholya1398

radicala1398

sanguinea1398

adusta1400

phlegmatica1400

adusted1547

phlegmatical1586

humid1604

sanguineous1732

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xviii. lxxxviii. 1239 Some lyse gendren of sanguyn humour and ben reede and grete..and some of colerik humour and ben citryne, longe, swifte, and scharpe.

c1475 ( Surg. Treat. in MS Wellcome 564 f. 40^v (MED) Þe colerik humour was putt & kepid in sich a bagge.

1565 J. Hall Expositiue Table 23 in tr. Lanfranc Most Excellent Woorke Chirurg. Causon..is one of the continuall feuers, and hath to name Tertiana continua: caused of yelowe choler, putrefied in the veines..and differeth from Tertiani intermittente, for that therin the cholericke humor is caried ouer all the body.

1675 R. Gower tr. F. de Le Boë New Idea Pract. Physic xv. 95 As often as Choleric Humors are voided out, as well upward or downward, with great force and plentifully..; this Disease is wont to be call'd Cholera.

1684 S. Pordage tr. T. Willis Pharmaceutice Rationalis in Pract. Physick (rev. ed.) 41 They cause evacuations of sometimes of serous, sometimes of cholerick, or other kinds of Humours.

1714 D. Turner De Morbis Cutaneis 56 The Lightness and Subtilty of the Choleric Humour.

1881 J. Payne Eng. Prose (ed. 2) 292 (note) Thus, a bad-tempered man is one in whom the choleric humour is ill-restrained.

1932 Jrnl. Eng. & Germanic Philol. 31 530 Anger is associated with the choleric humor,..which has its seat in the gall.

2005 16th Cent. Jrnl. 36 81 He defines this [sc. mania] as a mental illness caused by an overabundance of the choleric humor.

4. Of a sign of the zodiac, planet, season, etc.: associated with or affecting choleric people; giving rise to anger or irascibility. Now historical.In quot. 1828 echoing quot. c1405.

ΚΠ

c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Squire's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 43 In Aries the Coleryk hote signe.

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) i. l. 3913 (MED) Þe Ram, ful colerik at al.

c1450 J. Lydgate Secrees (Sloane 2464) l. 1349 Iune, Iule, August lastith this sesoun..Hoot and drye of disposicyoun, And Coleryk of Complexioun.

a1500 (?a1425) tr. Secreta Secret. (Lamb.) 86 It ys besily to loke whether þe mone be in tokenynge coleryke or fleumatyke or malencolien.

?1558 H. Baker tr. O. Fine Rules Vse of Almanackes (new ed.) sig. E.v The somer is hoate and drye, cholerike, and beginneth when the Sunne entreth into the signe of Cancer.

1679 J. Middleton Pract. Astrol. i. iii. 14 Leo is a signe Masculine, Diurnal, Beastial, Cholerick, and Barren.

1711 tr. L. Bordelon Hist. Ridiculous Extravagancies Monsieur Oufle 108 The Spleen, which is the Receptacle of the Melancholy Humour, is subject to the impressions of Mars, who is choleric and angry.

1784 E. Sibly New & Compl. Illustr. Astrol. i. 100 Aries is an equinoctial, cardinal, diurnal, moveable, fiery, cholerick, hot and dry, luxurious, violent, sign.

1828 C. Hoyle Three Days at Killarney 97 Northward from Equinoctial Line the sun Began through Aries his career to run, And while he paced that hot and choleric sign, [etc.].

1903 Ann. Rep. Dante Soc. 22 21 The influence of the choleric planet [sc. Mars] engenders sighs and fiery wrath in the lover.

2004 L. S. Dixon in L. S. Dixon & G. P. Weisberg In Sickness & in Health 10 Venus, Jupiter, and Sol were sanguine planets, associated with air and blood, while Mars, the red planet, was considered fiery and choleric.

a. Disposed to anger or easily angered; hot-tempered, fiery; bad-tempered, irascible; irritable, cantankerous. Also: characterized by or indicative of such a temperament. In early use frequently overlapping with and difficult to distinguish from sense B. 1a.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > anger > irascibility > [adjective] > irascible (of person)

hotOE

wooda1250

hastivec1300

irous1303

hastya1350

angrya1387

melancholiousa1393

quicka1400

irefulc1400

melancholyc1450

turnec1480

iracundiousa1492

passionatea1500

fumish1523

irascible1530

wrothful1535

fierya1540

warm1547

choleric1556

hot at hand1558

waspish1566

incensive1570

bilious1571

splenative1593

hot-livered1599

short1599

spitfire1600

warm-tempered1605

temperless1614

sulphurous1616

angryable1662

huffy1680

hastish1749

peppery1778

quick-tempered1792

inflammable1800

hair-triggered1806

gingery1807

spunky1809

iracund1821

irascid1823

wrathy1828

frenzy1859

gunpowdery1868

gunpowderous1870

tempersome1875

exacerbescent1889

tempery1905

lightningy1906

temperish1925

short-fused1979

1556 T. Hill tr. B. Cocles Brief Epitomye Phisiognomie Pref. For the cholericke or irefull man maye eyther by grace represse hys lust, or els vse it well in correctyng of vices.

1583 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Serm. on Deuteronomie clxxvii. 1101 The sharpest, the roughest and the cholerickest man y^t euer was.

1588 ‘M. Marprelate’ Oh read ouer D. Iohn Bridges: Epist. 2 My L. of Winchester is very chollericke.

1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear i. 289 Infirme and cholericke yeares.

1643 J. Spencer Votivae Angliae 50 The Commissary was a very stout and cholericke man, and when he had read the letter he stampt and fumed as if he had been wilde.

a1731 P. Aubin Lady Lucy (1739) ix. 159 He was..brave, but inconsiderate, and so cholerick, that his Passion made him forget both Religion and Honour.

1793 G. Morris in J. Sparks Life G. Morris (1832) II. 386 A choleric man beats the post which he has struck his head against.

1835 Court Jrnl. 11 July 436/1 If Tom, who is a fiery, choleric fellow, should ever be shot in a duel, [etc.].

1853 C. Brontë Villette III. xxxiii. 90 You are patient, and I am choleric.

1915 W. S. Maugham Of Human Bondage xvi. 64 The Rev. B. B. Gordon was a man by nature ill-suited to be a schoolmaster; he was impatient and choleric.

1922 R. G. Anderson Isle of Seven Moons ii. 13 The Adam's apple swelled like a turkey-cock's; his choleric face purpled; the grey whiskers stood out in the blast of his wrath.

2002 N. Lebrecht Song of Names v. 100 ‘All I have to do is put the roast in the oven and those dratted Germans come buzzing over, making a pesky nuisance of theirselves,’ moaned our choleric cook.

b. Of words, feelings, actions, etc.: demonstrating or characterized by anger; proceeding from anger.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > anger > [adjective] > characterized by anger

wrothc1000

wrethfulc1325

wrathful1390

angrya1393

wrawc1475

wrothful1535

choleric1567

irascible1659

wrathy1873

the mind > emotion > anger > manifestation of anger > [adjective] > of speech: angry

choleric1567

passionatea1616

1567 W. Painter Palace of Pleasure II. f. 344 Gineura swelling with sorow, and full of feminine rage, blushing with fury, hir eyes sparckling forth hir cholerike conceiptes.

1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis ii. 37 This quick cholerick challenge hee could not abandon.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) ii. ii. 134 That in the Captaine's but a chollericke word, Which in the Souldier is flat blasphemie.

1646 R. Codrington Life & Death Illustrious Earle of Essex 19 The Canon..having discharged their cholerick errauds [read errands].

1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison III. xiii. 98 An exertion of spirit, as he called a choleric excess.

1823 T. Roscoe tr. J. C. L. de Sismondi Hist. Lit. Europe I. ix. 376 A disgusting slough swallows up those who abandon themselves to choleric passions.

1891 Pop. Sci. Monthly Mar. 599 Hamlet, in his choleric interview with his mother in the cabinet, impudently advised her to ‘Assume a virtue if you have it not’.

1924 Rotarian July 60/2 ‘Now, wait a minute,’ he interrupted as Darling was about to burst into choleric speech.

2000 I. Woodfield Music of Raj i. 45 With no hint of an apology for this choleric outburst, Joseph then realized that he had misinterpreted his daughter's request.

c. Feeling or showing anger; enraged, angry. Also: angry with a person.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > anger > [adjective]

irrec825

gramec893

wemodc897

wrothc950

bolghenc1000

gramelyc1000

hotOE

on fireOE

brathc1175

moodyc1175

to-bollenc1175

wrethfulc1175

wraw?c1225

agrameda1300

wrathfula1300

agremedc1300

hastivec1300

irousa1340

wretheda1340

aniredc1350

felonc1374

angryc1380

upreareda1382

jealous1382

crousea1400

grieveda1400

irefula1400

mada1400

teena1400

wraweda1400

wretthy14..

angryc1405

errevousa1420

wrothy1422

angereda1425

passionatec1425

fumous1430

tangylc1440

heavy1452

fire angry1490

wrothsomea1529

angerful?1533

wrothful?1534

wrath1535

provoked1538

warm1547

vibrant1575

chauffe1582

fuming1582

enfeloned1596

incensed1597

choleric1598

inflameda1600

raiseda1600

exasperate1601

angried1609

exasperated1611

dispassionate1635

bristlinga1639

peltish1648

sultry1671

on (also upon) the high ropes (also rope)1672

nangry1681

ugly1687

sorea1694

glimflashy1699

enraged1732

spunky1809

cholerous1822

kwaai1827

wrathy1828

angersome1834

outraged1836

irate1838

vex1843

raring1845

waxy1853

stiff1856

scotty1867

bristly1872

hot under the collar1879

black angry1894

spitfire1894

passionful1901

ignorant1913

hairy1914

snaky1919

steamed1923

uptight1934

broigus1937

lemony1941

ripped1941

pissed1943

crooked1945

teed off1955

ticked off1959

ripe1966

torqued1967

bummed1970

1598 L. A. tr. G. Fernandez Honour of Chiualrie xii. 75 Before they arryued, the Prince had recouered himselfe, and very cholericke through that accident,..drewe his sword with such furye, [etc.].

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) i. ii. 51 What, what, my Lord? Are you so chollericke With Elianor, for telling but her dreame?

1643 R. Baker Chron. Kings of Eng. i. 40 Winning much money of him, Lewis grew so cholericke, that he threw the Chessemen at Henries face.

1712 J. Arbuthnot Law is Bottomless-pit iv. 8 Mrs. Bull you must know was very apt to be Cholerick.

1799 C. T. Smith What is She? iii. iii. 48 Why, now, don't be choleric uncle, don't irritate the blood of the Ap-Griffins.

1832 E. Bulwer-Lytton Eugene Aram I. ii. v. 284 Bunting was a prudent man, and not apt to be choleric.

1895 Idler Jan. 610 He was a man whom all men knew honest and generous as the sun, and only choleric with the mean thing.

1930 E. Pound Draft of XXX Cantos xviii. 82 And Mr. Oige was very choleric in a first-class From Nice to Paris.

1965 C. R. Mollenhoff Tentacles of Power xxix. 308 Bender was choleric with the McClellan committee.

2007 J. S. Saeger F. S. López & Ruination of Paraguay iv. 102 He became choleric when he observed foreigners behave disrespectfully to him and his country.

†6. Hot, or hot and dry. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > [adjective] > associated with or characterized by heat

hot1631

choleric1643

1643 'Tis Plaine Case Gentlemen (single sheet) There grew a tall, A goodly fence of Hawthorn and of Bryer, That when the Sunne was chollericke and hot Kept sheepe and yeaning Lambs safe from his rage.

1676 J. Evelyn Philos. Disc. Earth 31 The common opinion is..that all hot, and choleric grounds, are red or brown; cold and dry, blackish; cold and moist, whitish; hot and moist, ruddy.

7. Of, relating to, or of the nature of the disease cholera; affected with cholera; = choleraic adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > excretory disorders > [adjective] > cholera

choleric1831

choleraic1832

choleretic1836

cholerized1868

1831 London Lit. Gaz. 10 Dec. 797/1 The patients labouring under choleric asphyxy must be warmed with dry and hot cloths.

1865 Reader No. 153. 631/3 The action of the choleric poison.

1913 A. J. Nunnamaker & C. O. Dhonau Hygiene & Sanitary Sci. vii. 97 Cholera is often called Asiatic cholera on account of its home in India, to distinguish it from cholera nostras, cholera morbus, and other forms of noncommunicable affections with choleric symptoms.

1930 Public Health Rep. (U.S. Public Health Service) 45 2739 In Bengal the agglutination of the choleric vibrio was studied.

1993 Trans. Royal Soc. Trop. Med. & Hygiene 87 Suppl. 3 35/1 William O'Shaughnessy first recognized the importance of electrolyte losses in the stools of choleric patients in the 1831–1832 epidemic in the UK.

2009 Soc. Sci. & Med. 69 1247/1 From the first report of cholera in the garrisons of British soldiers in India..researchers..published articles on cholera with maps of choleric incidence, typically in relation to suspected sources of the disease.

Compounds

choleric passion n. [after post-classical Latin cholerica passio (5th cent.); compare Middle French colerique passion (a1365)] (a) an emotion or trait believed to be determined by the humour choler (now historical); anger, bad temper; a fit of this; (b) Medicine disease attributed to an excess of choler, spec. = cholera morbus n. at cholera n. Compounds 2 (now historical); †an instance of this (obsolete).

ΚΠ

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. viii. xiii. 481 And he [sc. Mars] disposiþ þe soule..to wraþþe, and to boldnesse, and to oþir colerik passiouns [L. colericas passiones].

1539 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe (new ed.) iv. vi. f. 81^v Inflammation of the lunges, lethargies, fransy, hote syckenesses, cholerik passions, costiuenes or vehement laskes.

1620 T. Venner Via Recta vii. 126 They..helpe the cholericke passion, which is a vehement purging of choler vpwards and downewards.

1831 Mirror Lit., Amusem., & Instr. 18 368/1 We read that Cicero was once so offended and irritated at the cutting sarcasm and piquant satire with which his slaves in this manner lashed his faults, that he was hurried into an ungovernable rage of choleric passion.

1876 Trans. Epidemiol. Soc. 1866–76 3 53 The disease called cholera morbus, or the choleric passion, has been fully described by most of the Greek and Arab authors.

1913 Polit. Sci. Q. 28 552 In his private letters that eminent Whig nearly always fell into a choleric passion whenever he had occasion to speak of the ‘black-hearted’ advocates of French doctrines.

1951 L. Babb Elizabethan Malady i. 12 Accompanied by dryness, heat arouses combative passions—boldness and anger. These are ‘hot and dry,’ or ‘choleric,’ passions.

2009 C. Hamlin Cholera i. 24 Classical writers had seen the spasms as the ‘choleric passion’, noted James.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2014; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	choleric
释义	cholericn.adj. Brit. /ˈkɒl(ə)rɪk/, /kɒˈlɛrɪk/, U.S. /ˈkɑlərɪk/, /kəˈlɛrɪk/ Forms: Middle English colorik, Middle English coloryke, Middle English colrik, Middle English colryk, Middle English–1500s colerike, Middle English–1500s coleryk, Middle English–1500s coleryke, Middle English–1500s colleryk, Middle English–1500s colloryke, Middle English–1500s coloryk, Middle English–1500s coloryke, Middle English–1600s colerik, 1500s cholarik, 1500s cholarike, 1500s choleryck, 1500s cholerycke, 1500s choliricke, 1500s choloricke, 1500s choloricque, 1500s cholorique, 1500s colerycke, 1500s colleryke, 1500s colorycke, 1500s–1600s cholarick, 1500s–1600s cholaricke, 1500s–1600s cholerike, 1500s–1600s cholerique, 1500s–1600s choleryke, 1500s–1600s chollericke, 1500s–1600s chollorick, 1500s–1600s cholloricke, 1500s–1600s choloricke, 1500s–1600s collerick, 1500s–1600s collericke, 1500s–1700s cholerick, 1500s–1700s chollerick, 1500s– choleric, 1600s cholericque, 1600s cholleric, 1600s chollerycke, 1600s colerick, 1600s collerik, 1600s–1700s cholorick, 1700s collarick; also Scottish pre-1700 colerik, pre-1700 colerike, pre-1700 coleryk, pre-1700 coloryk. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French colerique; Latin cholericus. Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman coleric, colerik, Anglo-Norman and Middle French colerique, collerique, Middle French cholerique, collorique, colloricque, colorique (French cholérique , colérique ) (noun) person having a predominance of choler among the bodily humours (13th cent. in Old French), irascible person (late 14th cent.), (adjective) containing the humour choler (beginning of the 13th cent. in Old French), designating the humour choler (14th cent.), irascible, hot-tempered, prone to anger (early 14th cent.), enraged, angry (a1372), and its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin cholericus, colericus bilious (late 4th cent.; frequently from c1200 in British sources), prone to anger (13th cent. in British sources; already in classical Latin as noun, denoting a person suffering from cholera (see cholera n. 3)) < ancient Greek χολερικός of or like cholera (see cholera n. 3), in Hellenistic Greek also suffering from cholera, liable to produce cholera < χολέρα cholera n. + -ικός -ic suffix. Compare Catalan colèric (14th cent. as adjective, also as noun), Spanish colérico (late 14th cent. as noun and adjective), Portuguese colérico (15th cent. as adjective, also as noun), Italian collerico (beginning of the 14th cent. as adjective, also as noun); also Middle Low German colērik , noun, German cholerisch , adjective (end of the 15th cent. as †colerisch ). Compare cholerical adj.With the formal variation compare discussion at choler n. With the forms with medial -o- , compare parallels in various Romance languages which ultimately reflect association with classical Latin color colour n.¹, e.g. Old French, Middle French colorique (13th cent.), Spanish †colorico (late 14th cent.), Portuguese †collorico (15th cent.). With use in senses A. 3 and B. 7 compare French cholérique (noun) person suffering from cholera (1811 or earlier), (adjective) of, relating to, or affected by cholera (1814). N.E.D. (1889) only records the pronunciation with first-syllable stress, as do pronouncing dictionaries up to the mid 20th cent.; with this, compare choler n. The alternative pronunciation with second-syllable stress may have been influenced by the stress position in the foreign-language parallels or perhaps by stress shift from the preantepenultimate to the antepenultimate syllable in the adverbs cholerically, cholericly. A. n. 1. Originally: a person having a predominance of choler (choler n. 2a) among the bodily humours (now historical). Later also: an irascible person. ΚΠ 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 157 Þe dyeuel..asayleþ stranglakest þane colrik mid ire and mid discord, þane sanguinien mid ioliuete. a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 220 The colerike by kynde he sholde be lene of body,..of sharpe witte,..a grette entremyttere,..foolehardy,..hasty of worde. 1526 Grete Herball sig. G.v^v/1 For to gyue it to colerykes it ought to be soden with iuce of pomegarnettes or orenges. ?1558 H. Baker tr. O. Fine Rules Vse of Almanackes (new ed.) sig. G.i The signes mete are Aries, and Sagittarius, for the flemmatikes, and the firste parte of Libra, for the melancolickes, and for the cholerickes Cancer Pisces. 1606 T. Palmer Ess. Meanes to make Trauailes more Profitable ii. 75 Hence wee diuine all phlegmatickes and sanguinistes effeminate by nature; as all melancholickes and cholerickes warlike. 1678 J. Shirley Short Compend. Chirurgery i. 16 Cholericks are of a yellowish colour, a light disposition, and a lean Body; they are witty and liberal, but wrathful and revengeful. a1743 J. Cannon Chrons. (2010) II. 313 This Robert Swanton was a hasty Cholerick, stuttering & eager in his speech especially when moved or in a passion. 1797 R. Hooper tr. J. J. R. von Plenck Hygrology 231 Melancholics not unfrequently have black hair; phlegmatics, whitish; cholerics, blackish. 1813 J. C. Prichard Res. Physical Hist. Man iv. §3. 171 It is said, that..the choleric is more prone to anger, and the melancholic to insanity. 1822 J. M. Good Study Med. I. 510 It [sc. the nervous cough] is a frequent attendant upon persons of a nervous or irritable temperament, and hence common to the hysteric, dyspeptic, and choleric. a1963 C. S. Lewis Discarded Image (1964) viii. 172 Cholerics dream of thunder and of bright, dangerous things. 1994 B. Nerlich tr. R. Keller On Lang. Change ii. 19 The cholerics amongst them bickered and growled when they were angry. 2002 K. Albala Eating Right in Renaissance v. 176 Sixteenth-century regimens commended lettuce only for cholerics and never for phlegmatics. 2. With the and plural agreement. Choleric people as a class. ΚΠ 1576 T. Newton tr. L. Lemnie Touchstone of Complexions ii. ii. f. 99^v The Cholerique are bitter taunters, dry bobbers, nyppinge gybers and skornefull mockers of others. 1595 A. Golding tr. J. Hurault Politicke, Moral, & Martial Disc. ii. xiv. 362 (margin) The cholerick are vnmeete to teach children. 1620 T. Venner Via Recta vii. 156 Raw Parsley is hurtfull to the cholericke. 1681 Bp. G. Burnet Serm. before Lord Mayor & Aldermen, Sept. 2 12 The Sanguine love Pageantry; the Flegmatick, the dull return of their Forms..; and the Cholerick are peevish and passionate. 1762 S. Foote Orators ii. 59 You will have at one view, the choleric..the frigid, the frothy..and the clamorous. 1815 L. S. Boyne Cursory Remarks Physical & Moral Hist. Human Beings 249 The Choleric, are extremely irritable, and prone to anger, liable to be carried away by every gust of passion. 1860 A. C. L. Botta Hand-bk. Universal Lit. 204 The proud are overwhelmed with enormous weights; the envious are clothed in garments of horse-hair..; the choleric are suffocated with smoke. 1914 H. Münsterberg Psychol, Gen. & Appl. xvi. 237 The choleric and the melancholic are subject to strong emotions, on the whole, with a pessimistic tendency. 2005 A. Furnham People Business 119 Extraverted neurotics (the choleric) are touchy, restless, aggressive, excitable, and changeable. †3. A person affected with cholera; = choleraic n. Cf. sense B. 7. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1832 J. W. Sterling tr. Rep. Cholera-Morbus 15 According to the saying of almost all observers, the face of cholerics, differing but little from the hippocratic face, is so highly characteristic, that this sign would of itself suffice for the diagnosis of the disease. 1885 U.S. Consular Rep. June 680 The commission tried to make the autopsy of a choleric whom I saw in the penal establishment of San Miguel. B. adj. 1. a. Of a person: having a predominance of choler (choler n. 2a) among the bodily humours. Now historical.Frequently with reference to the irascible temperament formerly believed to result from such a predominance, hence sometimes overlapping with sense B. 5a.Occasionally perhaps with reference to predisposition to diseases believed to result from an excess of choler (cf. sense B. 2a). ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > anger > irascibility > [adjective] > irascible (of person) > having choler as dominant humour cholerica1398 cholerc1475 cholery1662 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. iv. x. 159 Colerik men beþ generalliche wraþeful..in body long, sklendre, and lene. c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 589 The Reue was a sclendre coleryk man. a1500 (?c1425) Speculum Sacerdotale (1936) 93 Man that is colerik is naturaly wraþful, þouȝt hatyng, and deceyuynge. 1542 A. Borde Compend. Regyment Helth viii. sig. D.iii Sanguyne and colorycke men. 1563 T. Gale Certaine Wks. Chirurg. iv. ii. f. 73^v In ceasynge of paynes in the goute of cholericke personnes. 1584 T. Cogan Hauen of Health ccxiii. 197 Honie is verie..unwholsome for..such as be cholericke. 1600 L. Lewkenor tr. A. de Torquemada Spanish Mandeuile f. 59 The chollerick man is commonly hasty and heedelesse..and the flegmatick more slowe and tardife. 1659 S. Patrick Hearts Ease 216 Thou dost but like him that adminsters Wine to a man in a Feavour, or Honey to a Cholerick person, or meat to him that is troubled with the Collick, which do not strengthen, but destroy them. 1700 J. Dryden Fables Pref. sig. B Our two Great Poets [sc.* Homer and Virgil] being so different in their Tempers, one Cholerick and Sanguin, the other Phlegmatick and Melancholick. 1798 H. Hunter tr. J. C. Lavater Ess. Physiognomy III. ii. 128 In what manner ought a choleric father to treat and direct his choleric son? a sanguine mother her melancholy daughter? 1856 W. Daniell Let. 8 Oct. in C. Darwin Corr. (1990) VI. 241 I am distinctly of opinion..that a sanguineous or choleric, or light complexioned man stands the African climate twice as well and as long again as the melancholic or dark complexioned man. 1961 J. W. Draper Stratford to Dogberry xviii. 158 On its [sc. choler's] psychological effects,..there was little disagreement. Choleric people were supposed to be ‘obstinate’ and yet ‘inconsistant’, ‘propt [sic] of wit’, but given to ‘furie’. 2004 H. Mancing Cervantes Encycl. I. 379 People were often described in terms of their dominant humor; they were melancholic, phlegmatic, sanguine, or choleric. b. Of a complexion (complexion n. 1), temperament, etc.: dominated or characterized by choler. Now historical. ΚΠ a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. viii. xiii. 481 Mars..haþ maistrie ouer colera and fire and colerik complexioun [L. preest colere & colerice complexioni]. 1558 W. Bullein Govt. Healthe f. lxv^v It is not best for chollericke complexions, but good for flegmatike, and indifferent for melancoly. 1609 C. Butler Feminine Monarchie vi. sig. H2^v The Bees..with their cholerike complexion, which their very colour bewraieth. 1671 J. Sharp Midwives Bk. iii. ii. 176 The most frequent cause of barrenness in young lusty women that are of a cholerick complexion, is driness of the Matrix. 1746 tr. H. Boerhaave Acad. Lect. Theory Physic VI. 136 A choleric or bilious Constitution is said to discover itself by an abundance of black and curling Hair,..a quick and large Pulse, Boldness and Angriness of Temper. 1809 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 21 199 The choleric, phlegmatic, sanguine, and melancholic temperaments, are said to be occasioned by a humid and dry, hot and cold constitution. 1856 A. E. Small Dis. Nerv. Syst. 91 Nux vomica..is suitable for sanguine and choleric temperaments, subject to gastric derangements and bilious complaints,..irrascible [sic] and irritable. 1915 Pop. Sci. Monthly June 592 Fire as warm and dry..is represented in the body by the yellow bile, and produces the fiery or choleric temperament. 1995 Independent on Sunday 24 Dec. (Real Lives section) 5/6 Medieval dieticians, according to their theories of diet and personality, recommended the leaf as an antidote to fever and choleric dispositions. †2. a. Caused by or containing choler (choler n. 2a), esp. in excessive quantity or abnormal form. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disordered secretion > [adjective] > bilious disorders cholerica1398 melancholianta1400 gallish1551 melancholical1559 melancholish1562 cholerical1569 cholerous1583 atrabilar1597 melancholic1598 atrabilaric1620 melancholeric1650 atrabilious1651 bilious1651 atrabilary1676 atrabilarian1678 atrabilous1681 atrabilarious1684 atrabiliary1725 biliary1837 acholic1866 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. vi. xxi. 328 Som wyn..bynemeþ colerik hedeache. ?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (Paris) (1971) 100 Colrik apostemes ben cleped herisipile by a comune name. 1539 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe (new ed.) ii. i. f. 15^v In a cholerike stomake biefe is better dygested than a chykens legge. 1590 ‘Pasquil’ First Pt. Pasquils Apol. sig. C2^v But for Cholericke diseases this scorching wether. 1632 tr. G. Bruele Praxis Medicinæ 223 Cholericke, sowre and stinking geere is voyded vpward and downeward for the space of many houres. 1657 W. Coles Adam in Eden lxxi It is very profitable in Cholerick Feavers. 1707 J. Floyer Physician's Pulse-watch 379 The Serum and choleric Blood are mix'd..when the Vesica invades the Heart. 1724 J. Crawford Cursus Medicinæ 287 The symptoms that follow are, the jaundice, a choleric indisposition, stones and tumor of the liver, obstructions, [etc.]. 1739 J. K'Eogh Zoologia Medicinalis Hibernica 116 A choleric flux of the belly is dangerous, so is also a bloody flux. 1800 W. C. Brown tr. G. Borsieri de Kanifeld Inst. Pract. Med. I. 429 Thus one [synochus] is sanguineous, or plethoric, another choleric,..and so on. b. Of a food: causing an excess of choler. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disordered secretion > [adjective] > bilious disorders > causing melancholicc1385 melancholiousa1400 melancholya1425 choleric?1533 ?1533 G. Du Wes Introductorie for to lerne Frenche sig. Eeii Whan they ben rosted, they ben somwhat more colloryke. 1599 T. Nashe Lenten Stuffe 37 A chollericke parcell of food it is. a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) iv. iii. 19 What say you to a Neats foote?.. I feare it is too chollericke a meate. 1674 J. Love Clavis Medicinæ viii. 19 It [sc. the Heart-burning] continues long in some people..especially by eating Fat, Salt, and Cholerick Meats. 3. Designating the humour choler. Now historical. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > secretory organs > secretion > [adjective] > humours > specific moista1393 cholerica1398 melancholya1398 radicala1398 sanguinea1398 adusta1400 phlegmatica1400 adusted1547 phlegmatical1586 humid1604 sanguineous1732 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xviii. lxxxviii. 1239 Some lyse gendren of sanguyn humour and ben reede and grete..and some of colerik humour and ben citryne, longe, swifte, and scharpe. c1475 ( Surg. Treat. in MS Wellcome 564 f. 40^v (MED) Þe colerik humour was putt & kepid in sich a bagge. 1565 J. Hall Expositiue Table 23 in tr. Lanfranc Most Excellent Woorke Chirurg. Causon..is one of the continuall feuers, and hath to name Tertiana continua: caused of yelowe choler, putrefied in the veines..and differeth from Tertiani intermittente, for that therin the cholericke humor is caried ouer all the body. 1675 R. Gower tr. F. de Le Boë New Idea Pract. Physic xv. 95 As often as Choleric Humors are voided out, as well upward or downward, with great force and plentifully..; this Disease is wont to be call'd Cholera. 1684 S. Pordage tr. T. Willis Pharmaceutice Rationalis in Pract. Physick (rev. ed.) 41 They cause evacuations of sometimes of serous, sometimes of cholerick, or other kinds of Humours. 1714 D. Turner De Morbis Cutaneis 56 The Lightness and Subtilty of the Choleric Humour. 1881 J. Payne Eng. Prose (ed. 2) 292 (note) Thus, a bad-tempered man is one in whom the choleric humour is ill-restrained. 1932 Jrnl. Eng. & Germanic Philol. 31 530 Anger is associated with the choleric humor,..which has its seat in the gall. 2005 16th Cent. Jrnl. 36 81 He defines this [sc. mania] as a mental illness caused by an overabundance of the choleric humor. 4. Of a sign of the zodiac, planet, season, etc.: associated with or affecting choleric people; giving rise to anger or irascibility. Now historical.In quot. 1828 echoing quot. c1405. ΚΠ c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Squire's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 43 In Aries the Coleryk hote signe. c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) i. l. 3913 (MED) Þe Ram, ful colerik at al. c1450 J. Lydgate Secrees (Sloane 2464) l. 1349 Iune, Iule, August lastith this sesoun..Hoot and drye of disposicyoun, And Coleryk of Complexioun. a1500 (?a1425) tr. Secreta Secret. (Lamb.) 86 It ys besily to loke whether þe mone be in tokenynge coleryke or fleumatyke or malencolien. ?1558 H. Baker tr. O. Fine Rules Vse of Almanackes (new ed.) sig. E.v The somer is hoate and drye, cholerike, and beginneth when the Sunne entreth into the signe of Cancer. 1679 J. Middleton Pract. Astrol. i. iii. 14 Leo is a signe Masculine, Diurnal, Beastial, Cholerick, and Barren. 1711 tr. L. Bordelon Hist. Ridiculous Extravagancies Monsieur Oufle 108 The Spleen, which is the Receptacle of the Melancholy Humour, is subject to the impressions of Mars, who is choleric and angry. 1784 E. Sibly New & Compl. Illustr. Astrol. i. 100 Aries is an equinoctial, cardinal, diurnal, moveable, fiery, cholerick, hot and dry, luxurious, violent, sign. 1828 C. Hoyle Three Days at Killarney 97 Northward from Equinoctial Line the sun Began through Aries his career to run, And while he paced that hot and choleric sign, [etc.]. 1903 Ann. Rep. Dante Soc. 22 21 The influence of the choleric planet [sc. Mars] engenders sighs and fiery wrath in the lover. 2004 L. S. Dixon in L. S. Dixon & G. P. Weisberg In Sickness & in Health 10 Venus, Jupiter, and Sol were sanguine planets, associated with air and blood, while Mars, the red planet, was considered fiery and choleric. 5. a. Disposed to anger or easily angered; hot-tempered, fiery; bad-tempered, irascible; irritable, cantankerous. Also: characterized by or indicative of such a temperament. In early use frequently overlapping with and difficult to distinguish from sense B. 1a. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > anger > irascibility > [adjective] > irascible (of person) hotOE wooda1250 hastivec1300 irous1303 hastya1350 angrya1387 melancholiousa1393 quicka1400 irefulc1400 melancholyc1450 turnec1480 iracundiousa1492 passionatea1500 fumish1523 irascible1530 wrothful1535 fierya1540 warm1547 choleric1556 hot at hand1558 waspish1566 incensive1570 bilious1571 splenative1593 hot-livered1599 short1599 spitfire1600 warm-tempered1605 temperless1614 sulphurous1616 angryable1662 huffy1680 hastish1749 peppery1778 quick-tempered1792 inflammable1800 hair-triggered1806 gingery1807 spunky1809 iracund1821 irascid1823 wrathy1828 frenzy1859 gunpowdery1868 gunpowderous1870 tempersome1875 exacerbescent1889 tempery1905 lightningy1906 temperish1925 short-fused1979 1556 T. Hill tr. B. Cocles Brief Epitomye Phisiognomie Pref. For the cholericke or irefull man maye eyther by grace represse hys lust, or els vse it well in correctyng of vices. 1583 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Serm. on Deuteronomie clxxvii. 1101 The sharpest, the roughest and the cholerickest man y^t euer was. 1588 ‘M. Marprelate’ Oh read ouer D. Iohn Bridges: Epist. 2 My L. of Winchester is very chollericke. 1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear i. 289 Infirme and cholericke yeares. View more context for this quotation 1643 J. Spencer Votivae Angliae 50 The Commissary was a very stout and cholericke man, and when he had read the letter he stampt and fumed as if he had been wilde. a1731 P. Aubin Lady Lucy (1739) ix. 159 He was..brave, but inconsiderate, and so cholerick, that his Passion made him forget both Religion and Honour. 1793 G. Morris in J. Sparks Life G. Morris (1832) II. 386 A choleric man beats the post which he has struck his head against. 1835 Court Jrnl. 11 July 436/1 If Tom, who is a fiery, choleric fellow, should ever be shot in a duel, [etc.]. 1853 C. Brontë Villette III. xxxiii. 90 You are patient, and I am choleric. 1915 W. S. Maugham Of Human Bondage xvi. 64 The Rev. B. B. Gordon was a man by nature ill-suited to be a schoolmaster; he was impatient and choleric. 1922 R. G. Anderson Isle of Seven Moons ii. 13 The Adam's apple swelled like a turkey-cock's; his choleric face purpled; the grey whiskers stood out in the blast of his wrath. 2002 N. Lebrecht Song of Names v. 100 ‘All I have to do is put the roast in the oven and those dratted Germans come buzzing over, making a pesky nuisance of theirselves,’ moaned our choleric cook. b. Of words, feelings, actions, etc.: demonstrating or characterized by anger; proceeding from anger. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > anger > [adjective] > characterized by anger wrothc1000 wrethfulc1325 wrathful1390 angrya1393 wrawc1475 wrothful1535 choleric1567 irascible1659 wrathy1873 the mind > emotion > anger > manifestation of anger > [adjective] > of speech: angry choleric1567 passionatea1616 1567 W. Painter Palace of Pleasure II. f. 344 Gineura swelling with sorow, and full of feminine rage, blushing with fury, hir eyes sparckling forth hir cholerike conceiptes. 1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis ii. 37 This quick cholerick challenge hee could not abandon. a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) ii. ii. 134 That in the Captaine's but a chollericke word, Which in the Souldier is flat blasphemie. View more context for this quotation 1646 R. Codrington Life & Death Illustrious Earle of Essex 19 The Canon..having discharged their cholerick errauds [read errands]. 1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison III. xiii. 98 An exertion of spirit, as he called a choleric excess. 1823 T. Roscoe tr. J. C. L. de Sismondi Hist. Lit. Europe I. ix. 376 A disgusting slough swallows up those who abandon themselves to choleric passions. 1891 Pop. Sci. Monthly Mar. 599 Hamlet, in his choleric interview with his mother in the cabinet, impudently advised her to ‘Assume a virtue if you have it not’. 1924 Rotarian July 60/2 ‘Now, wait a minute,’ he interrupted as Darling was about to burst into choleric speech. 2000 I. Woodfield Music of Raj i. 45 With no hint of an apology for this choleric outburst, Joseph then realized that he had misinterpreted his daughter's request. c. Feeling or showing anger; enraged, angry. Also: angry with a person. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > anger > [adjective] irrec825 gramec893 wemodc897 wrothc950 bolghenc1000 gramelyc1000 hotOE on fireOE brathc1175 moodyc1175 to-bollenc1175 wrethfulc1175 wraw?c1225 agrameda1300 wrathfula1300 agremedc1300 hastivec1300 irousa1340 wretheda1340 aniredc1350 felonc1374 angryc1380 upreareda1382 jealous1382 crousea1400 grieveda1400 irefula1400 mada1400 teena1400 wraweda1400 wretthy14.. angryc1405 errevousa1420 wrothy1422 angereda1425 passionatec1425 fumous1430 tangylc1440 heavy1452 fire angry1490 wrothsomea1529 angerful?1533 wrothful?1534 wrath1535 provoked1538 warm1547 vibrant1575 chauffe1582 fuming1582 enfeloned1596 incensed1597 choleric1598 inflameda1600 raiseda1600 exasperate1601 angried1609 exasperated1611 dispassionate1635 bristlinga1639 peltish1648 sultry1671 on (also upon) the high ropes (also rope)1672 nangry1681 ugly1687 sorea1694 glimflashy1699 enraged1732 spunky1809 cholerous1822 kwaai1827 wrathy1828 angersome1834 outraged1836 irate1838 vex1843 raring1845 waxy1853 stiff1856 scotty1867 bristly1872 hot under the collar1879 black angry1894 spitfire1894 passionful1901 ignorant1913 hairy1914 snaky1919 steamed1923 uptight1934 broigus1937 lemony1941 ripped1941 pissed1943 crooked1945 teed off1955 ticked off1959 ripe1966 torqued1967 bummed1970 1598 L. A. tr. G. Fernandez Honour of Chiualrie xii. 75 Before they arryued, the Prince had recouered himselfe, and very cholericke through that accident,..drewe his sword with such furye, [etc.]. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) i. ii. 51 What, what, my Lord? Are you so chollericke With Elianor, for telling but her dreame? View more context for this quotation 1643 R. Baker Chron. Kings of Eng. i. 40 Winning much money of him, Lewis grew so cholericke, that he threw the Chessemen at Henries face. 1712 J. Arbuthnot Law is Bottomless-pit iv. 8 Mrs. Bull you must know was very apt to be Cholerick. 1799 C. T. Smith What is She? iii. iii. 48 Why, now, don't be choleric uncle, don't irritate the blood of the Ap-Griffins. 1832 E. Bulwer-Lytton Eugene Aram I. ii. v. 284 Bunting was a prudent man, and not apt to be choleric. 1895 Idler Jan. 610 He was a man whom all men knew honest and generous as the sun, and only choleric with the mean thing. 1930 E. Pound Draft of XXX Cantos xviii. 82 And Mr. Oige was very choleric in a first-class From Nice to Paris. 1965 C. R. Mollenhoff Tentacles of Power xxix. 308 Bender was choleric with the McClellan committee. 2007 J. S. Saeger F. S. López & Ruination of Paraguay iv. 102 He became choleric when he observed foreigners behave disrespectfully to him and his country. †6. Hot, or hot and dry. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > [adjective] > associated with or characterized by heat hot1631 choleric1643 1643 'Tis Plaine Case Gentlemen (single sheet) There grew a tall, A goodly fence of Hawthorn and of Bryer, That when the Sunne was chollericke and hot Kept sheepe and yeaning Lambs safe from his rage. 1676 J. Evelyn Philos. Disc. Earth 31 The common opinion is..that all hot, and choleric grounds, are red or brown; cold and dry, blackish; cold and moist, whitish; hot and moist, ruddy. 7. Of, relating to, or of the nature of the disease cholera; affected with cholera; = choleraic adj. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > excretory disorders > [adjective] > cholera choleric1831 choleraic1832 choleretic1836 cholerized1868 1831 London Lit. Gaz. 10 Dec. 797/1 The patients labouring under choleric asphyxy must be warmed with dry and hot cloths. 1865 Reader No. 153. 631/3 The action of the choleric poison. 1913 A. J. Nunnamaker & C. O. Dhonau Hygiene & Sanitary Sci. vii. 97 Cholera is often called Asiatic cholera on account of its home in India, to distinguish it from cholera nostras, cholera morbus, and other forms of noncommunicable affections with choleric symptoms. 1930 Public Health Rep. (U.S. Public Health Service) 45 2739 In Bengal the agglutination of the choleric vibrio was studied. 1993 Trans. Royal Soc. Trop. Med. & Hygiene 87 Suppl. 3 35/1 William O'Shaughnessy first recognized the importance of electrolyte losses in the stools of choleric patients in the 1831–1832 epidemic in the UK. 2009 Soc. Sci. & Med. 69 1247/1 From the first report of cholera in the garrisons of British soldiers in India..researchers..published articles on cholera with maps of choleric incidence, typically in relation to suspected sources of the disease. Compounds choleric passion n. [after post-classical Latin cholerica passio (5th cent.); compare Middle French colerique passion (a1365)] (a) an emotion or trait believed to be determined by the humour choler (now historical); anger, bad temper; a fit of this; (b) Medicine disease attributed to an excess of choler, spec. = cholera morbus n. at cholera n. Compounds 2 (now historical); †an instance of this (obsolete). ΚΠ a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. viii. xiii. 481 And he [sc. Mars] disposiþ þe soule..to wraþþe, and to boldnesse, and to oþir colerik passiouns [L. colericas passiones]. 1539 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe (new ed.) iv. vi. f. 81^v Inflammation of the lunges, lethargies, fransy, hote syckenesses, cholerik passions, costiuenes or vehement laskes. 1620 T. Venner Via Recta vii. 126 They..helpe the cholericke passion, which is a vehement purging of choler vpwards and downewards. 1831 Mirror Lit., Amusem., & Instr. 18 368/1 We read that Cicero was once so offended and irritated at the cutting sarcasm and piquant satire with which his slaves in this manner lashed his faults, that he was hurried into an ungovernable rage of choleric passion. 1876 Trans. Epidemiol. Soc. 1866–76 3 53 The disease called cholera morbus, or the choleric passion, has been fully described by most of the Greek and Arab authors. 1913 Polit. Sci. Q. 28 552 In his private letters that eminent Whig nearly always fell into a choleric passion whenever he had occasion to speak of the ‘black-hearted’ advocates of French doctrines. 1951 L. Babb Elizabethan Malady i. 12 Accompanied by dryness, heat arouses combative passions—boldness and anger. These are ‘hot and dry,’ or ‘choleric,’ passions. 2009 C. Hamlin Cholera i. 24 Classical writers had seen the spasms as the ‘choleric passion’, noted James. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2014; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.adj.1340
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