chemiosmosisn.

Brit.

/ˌkɛmɪɒzˈməʊsɪs/, U.S.

/ˌkɛmiɑzˈmoʊsəs/,

/ˌkɛmiɑˈsmoʊsəs/

Forms:

α. 1800s– chemosmosis.

β. 1900s– chemiosmosis.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding; modelled on a German lexical item. Etymons: chemo- comb. form, osmosis n.

Etymology: Originally < chemo- comb. form + osmosis n., after German Chemosmose (O. Loew 1871, in Jrnl. f. praktische Chemie 112 272). In later use (in β. forms; compare sense 2) perhaps partly after chemi- (in chemical adj.); compare e.g. chemiluminescence n. and also chemio- , variant of chemo- comb. form.

1. Chemistry. (In form chemosmosis.) A chemical interaction involving the diffusion of a substance, esp. through a membrane. rare.

ΚΠ

1872 O. Loew in Amer. Chemist 2 293 ‘Electrocapillarity’ is the name given by Becquerel to certain chemical actions caused by the reacting of two different bodies through a membrane... In my opinion this name is not sufficiently definite, since the action of electricity is not required to explain such results. I would propose the name ‘chemosmosis’, because we have an osmosis accompanied by peculiar chemical decompositions.

1940 Chambers's Techn. Dict. 155/2 Chemosmosis, the occurrence of chemical reactions through semi-permeable membranes.

2. Biochemistry. The diffusion of ions through a semipermeable membrane into a region of lower ion concentration (i.e. down an electrochemical gradient); esp. that of hydrogen ions (protons) which forms part of the biochemical system for the synthesis of ATP and hence the transfer of energy in living organisms. Cf. chemiosmotic adj. 2.

ΚΠ

1968 Science 14 June 1262/2 Chemiosmosis was also discussed in some depth.

1998 M. Georgadze tr. N. Vsevolodov Biomolecular Electronics ii. 58 These results were a brilliant confirmation of Mitchell's theory on chemosmosis.

2003 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 358 87/2 These systems operate subtly, and in concert, to couple the photooxidation of water to electron transport and chemiosmosis.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	chemiosmosis
释义	chemiosmosisn. Brit. /ˌkɛmɪɒzˈməʊsɪs/, U.S. /ˌkɛmiɑzˈmoʊsəs/, /ˌkɛmiɑˈsmoʊsəs/ Forms: α. 1800s– chemosmosis. β. 1900s– chemiosmosis. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding; modelled on a German lexical item. Etymons: chemo- comb. form, osmosis n. Etymology: Originally < chemo- comb. form + osmosis n., after German Chemosmose (O. Loew 1871, in Jrnl. f. praktische Chemie 112 272). In later use (in β. forms; compare sense 2) perhaps partly after chemi- (in chemical adj.); compare e.g. chemiluminescence n. and also chemio- , variant of chemo- comb. form. 1. Chemistry. (In form chemosmosis.) A chemical interaction involving the diffusion of a substance, esp. through a membrane. rare. ΚΠ 1872 O. Loew in Amer. Chemist 2 293 ‘Electrocapillarity’ is the name given by Becquerel to certain chemical actions caused by the reacting of two different bodies through a membrane... In my opinion this name is not sufficiently definite, since the action of electricity is not required to explain such results. I would propose the name ‘chemosmosis’, because we have an osmosis accompanied by peculiar chemical decompositions. 1940 Chambers's Techn. Dict. 155/2 Chemosmosis, the occurrence of chemical reactions through semi-permeable membranes. 2. Biochemistry. The diffusion of ions through a semipermeable membrane into a region of lower ion concentration (i.e. down an electrochemical gradient); esp. that of hydrogen ions (protons) which forms part of the biochemical system for the synthesis of ATP and hence the transfer of energy in living organisms. Cf. chemiosmotic adj. 2. ΚΠ 1968 Science 14 June 1262/2 Chemiosmosis was also discussed in some depth. 1998 M. Georgadze tr. N. Vsevolodov Biomolecular Electronics ii. 58 These results were a brilliant confirmation of Mitchell's theory on chemosmosis. 2003 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 358 87/2 These systems operate subtly, and in concert, to couple the photooxidation of water to electron transport and chemiosmosis. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1872
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