chillingn.

/ˈtʃɪlɪŋ/

Etymology: < chill v. + -ing suffix¹.

a. The action of chill v. in various senses.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > [noun] > becoming or making cold

coolingc1350

keelingc1384

chilling1393

refrigerationa1500

infrigidation1583

refrigerating1600

infrigidating1650

frigefaction1656

frigerationa1691

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > [noun] > low body temperature > shivering with cold

chilling1393

shivering1398

shruggingc1400

chittering1552

horripilation1822

1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. ix. 335 For chillynge of hir Mawe.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 75 Chyllynge of tethe or oþer lyke, frigidor.

1691 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense (ed. 8) 74 The Water..indangers the chilling and rotting of the Fibres.

1859 F. Nightingale Notes on Nursing i. 11 Whenever a tendency to chilling is discovered, hot bottles..should be made use of.

b. spec.; see chill v. 6.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > hardening, tempering, or annealing > cooling

chilling1831

maraging1961

the world > matter > constitution of matter > hardness > [noun] > becoming or making hard > in specific manner

curing1853

chilling1881

water curing1932

1831 J. Holland Treat. Manuf. Metal I. 72 To case-harden railroad plates by casting them upon a piece of cold iron..[is] termed chilling.

1881 Metal World viii. 120 The property of chilling in iron is dependent to a large extent on the absence of silicon, and to the presence of carbon in what has been called the third form.

c. The action or process of chilling meat. In quot. 1902 attributive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preserving or pickling > [noun] > preserving by cooling or freezing

refrigeration1850

cold storage1877

quick-freezing1889

chilling1902

flash freezing1942

hydro-cooling1942

freeze-drying1944

blast-freezing1948

icing1956

cook-freeze1970

cook-chill1977

sous vide1986

1902 Westm. Gaz. 26 Nov. 10/3 The great River Plate exporters having adopted the ‘chilling’ process.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online December 2019).

chillingadj.

/ˈtʃɪlɪŋ/

Etymology: formed as chill v. + -ing suffix².

That chills: in various senses of the verb.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > [adjective] > making cold or cool

chilling?a1400

cooling?c1425

infrigidative?1541

refrigerating1583

frigefying1599

refrigerative1603

infrigidating1650

frigefactive1651

algifical1656

frigorifical1656

frigidative1659

frigorific1668

refrigeratory1676

algific1708

refrigerant1766

air-cooling1832

frigorifying1851

the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [adjective] > gloomy or depressing

darkOE

unmerryOE

deathlyc1225

dolefulc1275

elengec1275

dreicha1300

coolc1350

cloudyc1374

sada1375

colda1400

deadlya1400

joylessc1400

unjoyful?c1400

disconsolatea1413

mournfula1425

funeralc1425

uncheerfulc1449

dolent1489

dolesome1533

heavy-hearted1555

glum1558

ungladsome1558

black1562

pleasureless1567

dern1570

plaintive?1570

glummish1573

cheerless1575

comfortless1576

wintry1579

glummy1580

funebral1581

discouraging1584

dernful?1591

murk1596

recomfortless1596

sullen1597

amating1600

lugubrious1601

dusky1602

sable1603

funebrial1604

damping1607

mortifying1611

tearful?1611

uncouth1611

dulsome1613

luctual1613

dismal1617

winterous1617

unked1620

mopish1621

godforsaken?1623

uncheerly1627

funebrious1630

lugubrous1632

drearisome1633

unheartsome1637

feral1641

drear1645

darksome1649

sadding1649

saddening1650

disheartening1654

funebrous1654

luctiferous1656

mestifical1656

tristifical1656

sooty1657

dreary1667

tenebrose1677

clouded1682

tragicala1700

funereal1707

gloomy1710

sepulchrala1711

dumpishc1717

bleaka1719

depressive1727

lugubre1727

muzzy1728

dispiriting1733

uncheery1760

unconsolatory1760

unjolly1764

Decemberly1765

sombre1768

uncouthie1768

depressing1772

unmirthful1782

sombrous1789

disanimating1791

Decemberish1793

grey1794

uncheering1796

ungenial1796

uncomforting1798

disencouraginga1806

stern1812

chilling1815

uncheered1817

dejecting1818

mopey1821

desponding1828

wisht1829

leadening1835

unsportful1837

demoralizing1840

Novemberish1840

frigid1844

morne1844

tragic1848

wet-blanketty1848

morgue1850

ungladdeneda1851

adusk1856

smileless1858

soul-sick1858

Novemberya1864

saturnine1863

down1873

lacklustre1883

Heaven-abandoneda1907

downbeat1952

doomy1967

?a1400 Morte Arth. 2966 The chillande watire one his chekes rynnyde.

c1420 Pallad. on Husb. iv. 452 At Juill and Aust in landes chillingest [L. frigidissimis].

1563 T. Sackville in W. Baldwin et al. Myrrour for Magistrates (new ed.) Induct. 4 His frosty face With chilling cold had pearst the tender green.

1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus ii. iii. 212 A chilling sweat oreruns my trembling ioynts.

1733 J. Swift On Poetry 4 Our chilling Climate hardly bears A Sprig of Bays in Fifty Years.

1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles v. xvi. 194 Chilling news.

1876 ‘G. Eliot’ Daniel Deronda I. ii. xvii. 353 Chilling suspicious manners.

1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 40.

Compounds

chilling-cold adj. so cold as to chill.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > [adjective] > very intensely cold

ice-coldeOE

frostyOE

frosty cold?a1430

frore1483

chill-cold1567

frory?1567

frostbiting1593

numb-cold1597

chilling-cold1616

frigidious1630

frigid1639

finger-cold1752

Siberian1789

freezy1827

ice-cool1853

Arctic1876

1616 R. Carpenter Pastoral Charge 14 Some of them were chilling cold in charitie.

1801 R. Southey Thalaba II. x. 230 To the touch They are chilling cold.

Derivatives

ˈchillingly adv.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > absence of emotion > [adverb] > coldly or without warm feeling

freezinglya1420

coldly1550

frostily1616

coolly1627

chilly1640

wintry1691

chillinglyc1784

icily1825

wintrily1843

frozenly1851

frigidly1883

chillily1886

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > [adverb]

coldlya1240

bleak1590

frostily1616

chilly1759

chillinglyc1784

bleakly1795

icily1815

frigidly1844

chillilya1849

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > discourtesy > [adverb] > not affably

strangelyc1374

coldly1550

squeamishly1571

coolly1627

chilly1640

reservedly1710

repulsively1725

starchly1755

chillinglyc1784

distantly1798

uncordially1811

stiffly1823

frozenly1851

pokerishly1867

chillily1886

standoffishly1892

aloofly1963

c1784 in F. Burney (F. Hall).

1804 T. Moore Poems I. 349 Think not the veil he so chillingly casts, Is the veil of a vestal severe.

1841 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 50 737 Evening's breeze blew chillingly.

1870 Pall Mall Gaz. 25 Aug. 2 Next-door neighbours..are either on terms of the closest intimacy or chillingly distant.

Draft additions December 2013

chilling effect n. originally U.S. Law. a discouraging or deterring effect on the behaviour of an individual or group, esp. the inhibition of the exercise of a constitutional right, such as freedom of speech, through fear of legal action.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > motivation > demotivation > [noun] > discouraging action or quality > a discouraging influence

discouragement1574

disheartening1619

cold shower1875

depressant1894

disincentive1946

chilling effect1951

1951 Vanderbilt Law Rev. 4 539 The restraint does indeed have a chilling effect beyond that of a criminal statute.

1971 T. J. Lowi Politics of Disorder iv. 118 Official, governmental activity in the civil liberties field can, under some conditions, produce what the Supreme Court has called a ‘chilling effect’.

1987 Calif. Law Rev. 75 1794 Government surveillance has a chilling effect on personal security and individual autonomy.

2013 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 4 Feb. 9 Too many investigations into comments on networks such as Twitter would have a ‘chilling effect’ on free speech.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

单词	chilling
释义	chillingn. /ˈtʃɪlɪŋ/ Etymology: < chill v. + -ing suffix¹. a. The action of chill v. in various senses. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > [noun] > becoming or making cold coolingc1350 keelingc1384 chilling1393 refrigerationa1500 infrigidation1583 refrigerating1600 infrigidating1650 frigefaction1656 frigerationa1691 the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > [noun] > low body temperature > shivering with cold chilling1393 shivering1398 shruggingc1400 chittering1552 horripilation1822 1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. ix. 335 For chillynge of hir Mawe. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 75 Chyllynge of tethe or oþer lyke, frigidor. 1691 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense (ed. 8) 74 The Water..indangers the chilling and rotting of the Fibres. 1859 F. Nightingale Notes on Nursing i. 11 Whenever a tendency to chilling is discovered, hot bottles..should be made use of. b. spec.; see chill v. 6. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > hardening, tempering, or annealing > cooling chilling1831 maraging1961 the world > matter > constitution of matter > hardness > [noun] > becoming or making hard > in specific manner curing1853 chilling1881 water curing1932 1831 J. Holland Treat. Manuf. Metal I. 72 To case-harden railroad plates by casting them upon a piece of cold iron..[is] termed chilling. 1881 Metal World viii. 120 The property of chilling in iron is dependent to a large extent on the absence of silicon, and to the presence of carbon in what has been called the third form. c. The action or process of chilling meat. In quot. 1902 attributive. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preserving or pickling > [noun] > preserving by cooling or freezing refrigeration1850 cold storage1877 quick-freezing1889 chilling1902 flash freezing1942 hydro-cooling1942 freeze-drying1944 blast-freezing1948 icing1956 cook-freeze1970 cook-chill1977 sous vide1986 1902 Westm. Gaz. 26 Nov. 10/3 The great River Plate exporters having adopted the ‘chilling’ process. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online December 2019). chillingadj. /ˈtʃɪlɪŋ/ Etymology: formed as chill v. + -ing suffix². That chills: in various senses of the verb. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > [adjective] > making cold or cool chilling?a1400 cooling?c1425 infrigidative?1541 refrigerating1583 frigefying1599 refrigerative1603 infrigidating1650 frigefactive1651 algifical1656 frigorifical1656 frigidative1659 frigorific1668 refrigeratory1676 algific1708 refrigerant1766 air-cooling1832 frigorifying1851 the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [adjective] > gloomy or depressing darkOE unmerryOE deathlyc1225 dolefulc1275 elengec1275 dreicha1300 coolc1350 cloudyc1374 sada1375 colda1400 deadlya1400 joylessc1400 unjoyful?c1400 disconsolatea1413 mournfula1425 funeralc1425 uncheerfulc1449 dolent1489 dolesome1533 heavy-hearted1555 glum1558 ungladsome1558 black1562 pleasureless1567 dern1570 plaintive?1570 glummish1573 cheerless1575 comfortless1576 wintry1579 glummy1580 funebral1581 discouraging1584 dernful?1591 murk1596 recomfortless1596 sullen1597 amating1600 lugubrious1601 dusky1602 sable1603 funebrial1604 damping1607 mortifying1611 tearful?1611 uncouth1611 dulsome1613 luctual1613 dismal1617 winterous1617 unked1620 mopish1621 godforsaken?1623 uncheerly1627 funebrious1630 lugubrous1632 drearisome1633 unheartsome1637 feral1641 drear1645 darksome1649 sadding1649 saddening1650 disheartening1654 funebrous1654 luctiferous1656 mestifical1656 tristifical1656 sooty1657 dreary1667 tenebrose1677 clouded1682 tragicala1700 funereal1707 gloomy1710 sepulchrala1711 dumpishc1717 bleaka1719 depressive1727 lugubre1727 muzzy1728 dispiriting1733 uncheery1760 unconsolatory1760 unjolly1764 Decemberly1765 sombre1768 uncouthie1768 depressing1772 unmirthful1782 sombrous1789 disanimating1791 Decemberish1793 grey1794 uncheering1796 ungenial1796 uncomforting1798 disencouraginga1806 stern1812 chilling1815 uncheered1817 dejecting1818 mopey1821 desponding1828 wisht1829 leadening1835 unsportful1837 demoralizing1840 Novemberish1840 frigid1844 morne1844 tragic1848 wet-blanketty1848 morgue1850 ungladdeneda1851 adusk1856 smileless1858 soul-sick1858 Novemberya1864 saturnine1863 down1873 lacklustre1883 Heaven-abandoneda1907 downbeat1952 doomy1967 ?a1400 Morte Arth. 2966 The chillande watire one his chekes rynnyde. c1420 Pallad. on Husb. iv. 452 At Juill and Aust in landes chillingest [L. frigidissimis]. 1563 T. Sackville in W. Baldwin et al. Myrrour for Magistrates (new ed.) Induct. 4 His frosty face With chilling cold had pearst the tender green. 1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus ii. iii. 212 A chilling sweat oreruns my trembling ioynts. View more context for this quotation 1733 J. Swift On Poetry 4 Our chilling Climate hardly bears A Sprig of Bays in Fifty Years. 1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles v. xvi. 194 Chilling news. 1876 ‘G. Eliot’ Daniel Deronda I. ii. xvii. 353 Chilling suspicious manners. 1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 40. Compounds chilling-cold adj. so cold as to chill. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > [adjective] > very intensely cold ice-coldeOE frostyOE frosty cold?a1430 frore1483 chill-cold1567 frory?1567 frostbiting1593 numb-cold1597 chilling-cold1616 frigidious1630 frigid1639 finger-cold1752 Siberian1789 freezy1827 ice-cool1853 Arctic1876 1616 R. Carpenter Pastoral Charge 14 Some of them were chilling cold in charitie. 1801 R. Southey Thalaba II. x. 230 To the touch They are chilling cold. Derivatives ˈchillingly adv. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > absence of emotion > [adverb] > coldly or without warm feeling freezinglya1420 coldly1550 frostily1616 coolly1627 chilly1640 wintry1691 chillinglyc1784 icily1825 wintrily1843 frozenly1851 frigidly1883 chillily1886 the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > [adverb] coldlya1240 bleak1590 frostily1616 chilly1759 chillinglyc1784 bleakly1795 icily1815 frigidly1844 chillilya1849 the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > discourtesy > [adverb] > not affably strangelyc1374 coldly1550 squeamishly1571 coolly1627 chilly1640 reservedly1710 repulsively1725 starchly1755 chillinglyc1784 distantly1798 uncordially1811 stiffly1823 frozenly1851 pokerishly1867 chillily1886 standoffishly1892 aloofly1963 c1784 in F. Burney (F. Hall). 1804 T. Moore Poems I. 349 Think not the veil he so chillingly casts, Is the veil of a vestal severe. 1841 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 50 737 Evening's breeze blew chillingly. 1870 Pall Mall Gaz. 25 Aug. 2 Next-door neighbours..are either on terms of the closest intimacy or chillingly distant. Draft additions December 2013 chilling effect n. originally U.S. Law. a discouraging or deterring effect on the behaviour of an individual or group, esp. the inhibition of the exercise of a constitutional right, such as freedom of speech, through fear of legal action. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > motivation > demotivation > [noun] > discouraging action or quality > a discouraging influence discouragement1574 disheartening1619 cold shower1875 depressant1894 disincentive1946 chilling effect1951 1951 Vanderbilt Law Rev. 4 539 The restraint does indeed have a chilling effect beyond that of a criminal statute. 1971 T. J. Lowi Politics of Disorder iv. 118 Official, governmental activity in the civil liberties field can, under some conditions, produce what the Supreme Court has called a ‘chilling effect’. 1987 Calif. Law Rev. 75 1794 Government surveillance has a chilling effect on personal security and individual autonomy. 2013 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 4 Feb. 9 Too many investigations into comments on networks such as Twitter would have a ‘chilling effect’ on free speech. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < n.1393adj.?a1400
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