Catalanadj.n.
/ˈkatəlan/, /ˈkatl̩an/, U.S. /ˈkædlˌæn/, /ˈkædələn/ A. adj.
Of or belonging to Catalonia, the most northeasterly province of Spain, once an independent principality. Catalan forge n. a blast furnace for reducing iron ores, extensively used in Catalonia and the neighbouring districts: so Catalan furnace, Catalan hearth, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > furnace > [noun] > furnaces for melting or refining metals > for roasting or calcining ores > for iron ore
run-out furnace1812
Catalan forge1839
run-out fire1854
osmund furnace1864
sinter plant1938
1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 709 The Catalan forge can be profitably employed only where wood is exceedingly cheap and abundant.
1861 W. Fairbairn Iron 42 The disposition of the Catalan hearth during the process of reduction.
1867 C. L. Bloxam Chemistry 321 In the Pyrenees, where the Catalan process is employed.
a1877 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. I. Catalan-furnace, a blast-furnace for reducing iron ores, extensively used in the North of Spain.
1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 116 Catalan forge, a forge with a tuyere for reducing iron ore, with charcoal, to a loup of wrought iron; a bloomary.
B. n.
1. A native of Catalonia; the language of Catalonia, a dialect of Provençal or Langue d'Oc, with affinities towards Spanish.
ΘΠ
the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > the Spaniards > [noun] > native or inhabitant of Spain > parts of
Catalan1480
Gallego1596
Gadite1607
Andalusian1612
Asturian1612
Galician1749
Valencian1769
Castilian1779
Manchego1779
Catalonian1781
Aragonese1823
Manchegan1846
Leonese1865
1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. cclvi. (1482) 334 Pope Calyxte the iij was a Catalane.
a1859 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. (1861) V. 97 The Catalans had risen in rebellion.
2. The language of Catalonia.
ΘΠ
the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > postulated Italo-Celtic > Romance > Catalan
Catalan1787
Catalonian1823
1787 A. Young Jrnl. 28 June in Trav. France (1792) i. 25 Region of the Pyrenees..the language of the country is a mixture of Catalan, Provençal, and French.
1807 R. Southey Lett. from Eng. III. lxxiii. 335 Scotch..differs far more from English than Portugueze from Castilian, nearly as much as the Catalan.
1906 H. Belloc Hills & Sea 261 Hundreds of men had spoken to me in Catalan.
1933 H. J. Chaytor Hist. Aragon iv. 62 Catalan presents a different problem; the question whether it belongs to the Hispanic or to the Gallo-Roman branches of the Romance languages is even yet in dispute.
1960 W. D. Elcock Romance Lang. v. 435 The question whether Catalan should be considered as a language has at times given rise to debate, much of it ill-formed and coloured by political partisanship... During the later medieval period it came to rank as one of the ‘great languages’ of western Europe.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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adj.n.1480