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单词 chary
释义

charyadj.

Brit. /ˈtʃɛːri/, U.S. /ˈtʃɛri/
Forms: Old English cearig, -eg, ceari, Middle English chariȝ, Middle English charry, (1500s chearie, cheyrye, chairie, 1600s chairy), 1500s–1600s charie, 1500s– chary.
Etymology: Old English cearig = Old Saxon carag (in môdcarag ), Old High German charag , < Germanic type *karag-oz , < karâ- sorrow, trouble, care. With the sense-development compare careful adj.The palatalization of initial ca- in this word, while it remains guttural in care n.1, is thus accounted for: in the noun the original Old English type was nominative caru , genitive *cære , whence ceare (compare cæster , ceaster etc.); so apparently the derivative *cærig , whence cearig , with palatal ce- becoming ch- . But the noun retained guttural c in the nominative (even when by u- umlaut it was occasionally written cearu ), so that no such form as chare is found in Middle English. As to sense 3 compare chare adj.
1. Causing sorrow, grievous. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
a1000 Doomsday (Gr.) 67 Wæs Meotud on beam bunden fæste cearian clomme.
2. Feeling or showing sorrow; sorrowful, mournful. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > [adjective]
sorelyc888
gramec893
sorrowfuleOE
unblithec897
sorryeOE
carefulOE
charyOE
sickOE
yomerOE
sorry-moodOE
sweerc1000
yomerlyOE
sorrilyOE
woea1200
balec1220
sorry?c1225
sorec1275
sorec1275
gremefula1300
sada1300
ruthlyc1300
thoughtfulc1300
woebegonea1325
heavyc1330
grievousc1374
woefula1375
sorrowya1382
dereful?a1400
sorousa1400
sytefula1400
teenfula1400
wrotha1400
balefulc1400
tristy?c1400
tristc1420
dolefulc1430
wapped in woec1440
yhevidc1440
dolenta1450
condolentc1460
discomforted1477
tristfula1492
sorrow1496
dram?a1513
dolorous1513
earnful?1527
troublous1535
amort1546
mournfula1558
passioned1560
sadded1566
tristive1578
distressed1586
passionate1586
sorrowed1596
distressful1601
passionful1605
sighful1606
contristed1625
anguishinga1642
sadful1658
saddened1665
tristitious1694
sick as a parrot1705
pangful1727
woesome1778
grieving1807
ruesome1833
yearned1838
doleant1861
mournsome1869
thoughted1869
tragical1887
grief-stricken1905
the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > [adjective]
carefulOE
charyOE
mourningOE
sorrowingOE
sorryOE
balec1220
heavy?c1225
ruefulc1225
ruthfulc1225
sorrowful?c1225
dolefulc1275
plaintivea1393
complainingc1430
lamentable?a1475
plaining?c1475
dolent1490
lamentatious1532
troublous1535
plaintfula1542
dirge-like1561
yearnfula1566
waymenting1573
mestive1575
lamentatory1576
mestful1577
wailful1579
lamentinga1586
weepy1602
deplorative1610
deploringa1616
gement1656
condolent1691
dirgeful1793
dirgy1830
lamentful1876
OE Crist I 148 Nu hie softe þæs bidon in bendum hwonne bearn godes cwome to cearigum.
OE Soul & Body I 160 Ne þurfon wyt beon cearie æt cyme dryhtnes.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 1274 Forr turrtle ledeþþ chariȝ lif..fra þatt hire make iss dæd.
3. Dear; precious, cherished. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > love > loved one > [adjective]
lief and deara900
dearOE
sweetOE
lovedOE
dearlyOE
liefOE
dearworth?c1225
chere1297
lovered1340
beloveda1375
dearworthyc1374
chary?a1400
sugaredc1475
tender1485
chereful1486
affectionatea1513
dilect1521
chare1583
ingling1595
darling1596
affected1600
in the love of1631
jewel-darling1643
adorable1653
fonded1684
endeared1841
dotey1852
society > trade and finance > monetary value > price > high price or rate > [adjective] > dear or expensive
dear1044
costful1340
costious1340
costlewa1387
costlya1400
costy?c1430
prized1500
high1542
high-priced1591
expenseful1605
chary1610
expensivea1661
salt1710
dearthful1786
big ticket1906
pricey1932
exclusive1942
up-market1972
?a1400 Morte Arth. 2965 Ffore the charry childe so his chere chawngide, That the chillande watire one his chekes rynnyde!
a1600 W. Elderton in E. Farr Sel. Poetry Reign Elizabeth (1845) II. 514 O God, what griefe is this thye charie church should want A bishoppe of so good a grace.
1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 253 Things of charie price.
1820 W. Scott Monastery III. iv. 112 Fill the stirrup-cup..from a butt yet charier than that which he had pierced for the former stoup.
4.
a. Careful, cautious, circumspect, wary.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > care, carefulness, or attention > caution > [adjective]
warelyOE
warec1000
adviseda1325
averty1330
aware1340
ferdfula1382
well-advisedc1405
circumspect1430
hooly1513
fearful1526
curiousa1533
chary1542
wareful1548
cautelous1574
cauty1579
careful1580
wary1580
retentive1599
wary1599
ginger1600
circumstant1603
cautel1606
shya1616
cautionate1616
warisome1628
cautiousa1640
circumspectious1649
circumspectivea1674
gingerish1764
safe1874
pussy-footed1893
pussyfooting1926
risk-averse1961
risk-adverse1969
1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 221v I am much more charie, that it may not be lost.
1566 Answere for Tyme 148 Those prudent and chairie ouerseers which tythe mint and anice.
1630 R. Norton in tr. W. Camden Hist. Princesse Elizabeth To Rdr. sig. B2v I..haue not touched them but with a light and chary hand.
1857 F. Palgrave Hist. Normandy & Eng. II. 343 Yet in this concession, he was very chary.
1858 G. MacDonald Phantastes 175 Enough to madden a chary lover.
b. Fastidious, shy, particular.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > good taste > refinement > fastidiousness > [adjective]
chisa700
estfula1000
esquaymous1303
squeamousc1325
overnicec1350
curiousc1380
dangerousc1386
delicatea1393
preciousc1395
nicec1400
skigc1400
over-delicatea1425
daintethc1430
ticklec1456
quaint1483
dauncha1500
pickinga1500
feat?1529
elegant?1533
queasy1545
fine1546
fine-fingered1549
fastidious?1555
fine-mouthed1559
chary1567
weamish1571
saucy1573
dainty1576
superfine1576
niced1577
overcurious1579
nicing1581
fineish1582
prick-me-dainty1583
daint1590
finical1592
tiptoe-nice1593
nice1594
nicking1598
choice1601
squeamish1608
marchpane1609
hypercritical1611
particular1616
finicking1661
overcritical1667
just so1696
penurious1703
fal-lal1747
ogertful1754
nackety1756
quiddling1789
pernickety1808
pershittie1808
taffety1814
hypercritic1820
faddy1824
finicky1825
meticulous1827
daintified1834
squeamy1838
picksome1855
choosey1862
picky1867
hyperaesthetic1879
persnickety1885
précieux1891
perskeet1897
tasty1905
Nice Nelly1922
perfectionist1942
snicketya1960
perfectionistic1968
the mind > emotion > humility > modesty > shyness or bashfulness > [adjective]
shamefastc897
unboldc897
shamelya1100
squeamous1483
bashful1548
shamefaced1555
squeamish1561
retiring1566
chary1567
verecund1575
blatec1600
helo1611
shy1672
shuff1688
shyish1754
shanny1821
fawn-like1838
1567 T. Drant tr. Horace Pistles in tr. Horace Arte of Poetrie sig. Hiiijv Whilste theye indite, and reade theire toyes, Moste chearie, and moste coy.
1589 R. Greene Ciceronis Amor 13 Man hauing swilled in this nectar of love is so chary that he..admitteth no partaker of his fauours.
1603 W. Shakespeare Hamlet i. iii. 36 The Chariest maide is prodigall enough, If she vnmaske hir beautie to the Moone.
1834 R. Mudie Feathered Tribes Brit. Islands I. 114 Another [eagle]..not so powerful,..nor quite so chary in its food as the former.
c. Const. in, of. Shy of, disinclined to.
ΚΠ
1579 G. Harvey Let.-bk. (1884) 66 To be very chary and circumspect in opening himselfe.
1673 A. Marvell Rehearsal Transpros'd ii, in Wks. (1875) II. 253 Men ought to be chary of aspersing them [the clergy].
1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth vi, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. I. 157 Chary of mixing in causeless strife.
1883 19th Cent. May 882 Crown authorities were very chary in putting it in force.
1884 Law Times 16 Feb. 278/1 Tradesmen chary of allowing vessels to leave port prior to payment.
5. Careful (in preservation of). Const. of, †over.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > [adjective]
carefula1000
shepherdly1546
chary1579
regardant1581
protectingc1595
protective1653
caring1966
1579 S. Gosson Schoole of Abuse f. 42 If you be chary of your good name.
a1592 R. Greene Sc. Hist. Iames IV (1598) v. sig. K2v With charie care I haue recurde the one.
1598 B. Yong tr. G. Polo Enamoured Diana in tr. J. de Montemayor Diana 390 Her father was so tender and charie ouer her, that few times he suffered her to be out of his sight.
1638 A. Cowley Loves Riddle i. sig. A6v 'Faith, I am very chary of my health.
1645 J. Howell Epistolæ Ho-elianæ v. xi. 12 The curious Sea-chest of glasses..which I shalbe very chary to keep as a Monument of your love.
1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison III. viii. 56 Be chary of them, and return them when perused.
1820 W. Scott Monastery II. x. 307 In reference to your safety and comfort, of which he desires us to be chary.
6. Careful not to waste or part with, frugal, sparing (of).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > retaining > sparingness or frugality > [adjective]
sparingc1386
savingc1440
husbandlya1450
husbandlike1542
spareful1565
chary1570
dainty1576
partial1576
spare1577
parsimonious?1591
spary1601
scant1603
wary1605
frugala1616
spare-handed1626
squeasy1628
canny1725
scrimp1728
scrimping1823
sparesome1864
stinting1867
hard-arsed1893
1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Iii/2 Cheyrye, parcus.
1592 R. Greene Disput. Conny-catcher sig. Bv Hee that is most charie of his crownes abroad.
1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters i. 154 They drank nothing but water, of which they were very chary.
1826 W. Scott Woodstock I. iii. 81 They were more chary of their royal presence.
1868 M. E. Braddon Dead-Sea Fruit I. ii. 20 He had much need to be careful of shillings, and chary even of pence.
1872 W. Minto Man. Eng. Prose Lit. ii. vii. 478 He is rather chary than enthusiastic.
1874 A. H. Sayce Princ. Compar. Philol. vii. 281 The primitive barbarian..would have been extremely chary in his use of words.
7. Requiring care or careful handling. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > difficulty > types of difficulty > [adjective] > difficult or delicate
fine-fingered1549
brickle1568
kittle1568
tickle1569
delicate1574
trickle1579
chary1581
ticklesome1585
ticklish1591
jealous1600
tender1625
nicea1630
thorny1653
parlous1657
tricksy1835
niggling1851
tricky1868
catchy1874
pernickety1884
trickish1900
fiddly1926
footery1929
1581 R. Mulcaster Positions v. 28 The cheife and chariest point is, so to plie them all, as they may proceede voluntarily.
8. quasi-adv. Charily; carefully.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > care, carefulness, or attention > [adverb]
welleOE
carefullya1000
wiselyc1000
redelya1250
cherelya1375
tentivelya1375
viselyc1380
curiouslya1382
namelya1382
smartlya1400
tentily?a1400
dearlyc1400
diligentlyc1400
preciously?a1425
listly?a1513
charely1545
heedely1548
accurately1549
respectively1556
heedfully1561
howfully1565
charily1577
heedily1577
charya1593
solicitously1618
a1593 C. Marlowe Tragicall Hist. Faustus (1604) sig. D Great thankes mighty Lucifer, this wil I keepe as chary as my life.
a1600 W. Elderton in E. Farr Sel. Poetry Reign Elizabeth (1845) II. 513 And charie went to churche himself.
1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets xxii. sig. Cv Which I will keepe so chary As tender nurse her babe. View more context for this quotation
1633 T. Heywood Eng. Trav. iii, in Wks. (1874) IV. 44 Let men live as charie as they can.
a1845 T. Hood Mary's Ghost v You thought that I was buried deep, Quite decent like, and chary.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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