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单词 privilege
释义

privilegen.

Brit. /ˈprɪv(ᵻ)lɪdʒ/, /ˈprɪvl̩ɪdʒ/, U.S. /ˈprɪv(ə)lɪdʒ/
Forms:

α. Old English privilegia (plural), Old English (1900s– historical) privilegium, Old English–early Middle English priuilegium, early Middle English priuileian (probably transmission error).

β. Middle English preuylegie, Middle English priuilegie, Middle English priuylegie, Middle English privilegie, Middle English privylegie, Middle English privylegii, Middle English pryvelegie.

γ. Middle English preuelage, Middle English preuelege, Middle English preuilage, Middle English preuylage, Middle English prevalege, Middle English prevelage, Middle English prevelege, Middle English priuelage, Middle English priueliche, Middle English priueyleg, Middle English priuilag, Middle English priuilage, Middle English priuileg, Middle English priuilegge, Middle English priuylage, Middle English priuylege, Middle English privalege, Middle English privelage, Middle English privelegge, Middle English privilegge, Middle English privilledge, Middle English pryuelege, Middle English pryvalege, Middle English pryvelege, Middle English pryvylage, Middle English pryvylege, Middle English pryvylegge, Middle English–1500s preuilege, Middle English–1500s preuylege, Middle English–1500s privylege, Middle English–1500s pryuylege, Middle English–1500s pryvilege, Middle English–1500s 1700s previlege, Middle English–1600s priuelege, Middle English–1600s priuilege, Middle English–1700s privelege, Middle English– privilege, 1500s preuileadg, 1500s previleage, 1500s previleidge, 1500s priuiledg, 1500s privelidge, 1500s pryviledge, 1500s–1600s preuiledge, 1500s–1600s priueledge, 1500s–1600s priuiledge, 1500s–1700s priviledg, 1500s–1800s priviledge, 1600s preveledge, 1600s previledge, 1600s priuilidge, 1600s priuyledge, 1600s priveledg, 1600s privileg, 1600s privilidg, 1600s pryvilidge, 1600s (1700s North American) privilidge, 1600s–1700s privilige, 1600s–1700s (1800s rare) priveledge; Scottish pre-1700 praeuilidge, pre-1700 preiveleidge, pre-1700 preivilege, pre-1700 preuelege, pre-1700 preuilage, pre-1700 preuilaige, pre-1700 preuilege, pre-1700 preuiliege, pre-1700 preuillege, pre-1700 prevelache, pre-1700 prevelage, pre-1700 prevelege, pre-1700 preveleig, pre-1700 previeleige, pre-1700 previlaige, pre-1700 previledge, pre-1700 previleg, pre-1700 prevylege, pre-1700 prewalage, pre-1700 preweledge, pre-1700 preweleg, pre-1700 prewelege, pre-1700 prewiledge, pre-1700 prewilege, pre-1700 prewileig, pre-1700 prewillege, pre-1700 prewledge, pre-1700 prewylege, pre-1700 prewyllage, pre-1700 priuelage, pre-1700 priuelege, pre-1700 priuellege, pre-1700 priuilage, pre-1700 priuiledge, pre-1700 priuilege, pre-1700 priuillege, pre-1700 priuilyge, pre-1700 priulege, pre-1700 privalege, pre-1700 privalledge, pre-1700 privallege, pre-1700 priveledge, pre-1700 privelege, pre-1700 privelidge, pre-1700 privelledge, pre-1700 privieledge, pre-1700 privielege, pre-1700 privilage, pre-1700 privileage, pre-1700 priviledg, pre-1700 priviledge, pre-1700 privileg, pre-1700 privilegde, pre-1700 privilidge, pre-1700 privilledge, pre-1700 priwelage, pre-1700 priwelege, pre-1700 priwylage, pre-1700 1700s previlege, pre-1700 1700s– privilege, 1900s– preevilege.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: Latin prīvilēgium; French privilege.
Etymology: Originally < classical Latin prīvilēgium bill or law (originally, in the time of Cicero) against or (later, 2nd cent. a.d.) in favour of an individual, special right, privilege, prerogative, claim having special rights, privileged claim, in post-classical Latin also papal exemption from episcopal jurisdiction (12th cent. in a British source in privilegium apostolicum ), right of printing (c1500 in continental sources; 1518 in a British source; compare also cum privilegio (ad imprimendum solum) at cum prep. a), probably < prīvus private, peculiar (see prive v.) + lēg- , lēx law (see legal adj.) + -ium (see -y suffix4); compare Anglo-Norman privilegie advantage granted to or enjoyed by an individual (c1170). Subsequently reinforced by or reborrowed < Anglo-Norman privilege, privelege, previlege and Old French, Middle French privilege, previlege, etc. (French privilège) right, advantage granted to or enjoyed by an individual (c1170 in Old French), document or deed attesting or conferring a right, advantage, immunity (mid 13th cent.), ecclesiastical prerogative, benefit of clergy (c1276), special favour (1277), sole right to print or publish a book, as granted by the monarch (1508) < classical Latin prīvilēgium. Compare Old Occitan privilegi (c1140; Occitan privilègi), Catalan privilegi (1317; earlier as prevelegi, previlegi (both 1287), privilege (1312)), Spanish privilegio (c1196), Portuguese privilégio (13th cent.), Italian privilegio (a1231).With privilege of clergy (see sense 2b) compare post-classical Latin privilegium clericale , privilegium clericatus (from mid 13th cent. in British sources). With sense 8a compare post-classical Latin cum privilegio (late 15th cent.), cum privilegio ad imprimendum solum (from 1538 in British sources); compare discussion at cum prep. In Old English in form priuilegium after the Latin nominative singular, and in plural form privilegia after the Latin nominative and accusative plural.
1. Ecclesiastical Law. A special ordinance issued by the Pope, granting exemption from certain civil or canon laws in the execution of a particular office, commission, etc. Now chiefly historical (though in principle still current in matters of canon law over which the Pope has jurisdiction).A privilege differs from a dispensation in that the former constitutes a general and continuing licence (in relation to specified matter), whereas the latter applies only to a particular instance or act. See dispensation n. 8.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal right > right of specific class, person, or place > [noun]
privilegeeOE
prerogativec1425
prerogancy?a1475
society > law > legal right > right of specific class, person, or place > [noun] > privilege or exceptional right
privilegeeOE
freedomeOE
freelagec1225
liberty1404
freedomship1583
franchisement1781
eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Tanner) iv. xx. 314 He bæd & onfeng in trymnesse þæs mynstres freodomes from him [sc. Pope Agathon], þe he geworhte, priuilegium of þære apostolican aldorlicnesse getrymede.
OE tr. Bull of Pope Sergius I in W. de G. Birch Cartularium Saxonicum (1885) I. 156 Ic Ealdhelm brohte to Ine Wessexena kyncge, & to Æþelræde Myrcena kyncge þas privilegia.
lOE St. Giles (Corpus Cambr. 303) (1980) 146 Se Godes man..bæd æt þan papan his mynstres frigdom, & se papa him þæs bliðelice getyþode & sealde him ænne privilegium to swutelunge þæs fridomes.
?a1160 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough contin.) anno 1137 Martin abbot..for to Rome, & þær wæs wæl underfangen fram þe pape Eugenie, & begæt thare priuilegies, an of alle þe landes of þabbotrice, & an oþer of þe landes þe lien to þe circewican.
a1350 in R. H. Robbins Hist. Poems 14th & 15th Cent. (1959) 26 (MED) Nou wol vch fol clerc..come to countene court, couren in a cope ant suggen he haþ priuilegie proud of þe pope.
a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) II. 281 Dignities and pryvelegies þat ben now grauntid bi þe pope.
c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 12 Þei þat persuen for indulgencs, exempcouns, and priueylegs sey how þei geyt nowt wiþ out bying.
a1525 Eng. Conquest Ireland (Trin. Dublin) (1896) 90 The forme of thay preuyleges, as thay wer endyted yn the Court of Rome a latyne, ne myght I nat comly setten in Englyshe.
c1600 (?c1395) Pierce Ploughman's Crede (Trin. Cambr. R.3.15) (1873) 467 Þe freers..purchaseþ hem pryuylege of popes at Rome.
1675 W. Dugdale Baronage Eng. I. 568/2 In Anno 1246..[he] obtain'd by large Gifts, an extraordinary Priviledge from the Pope; viz. That no one should have power to Excommunicate him, but by a special Mandate from his Holiness.
1734 J. Ayliffe Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani (ed. 2) 419 Some whole Parishes are exempt from the Bishop's Jurisdiction and Visitation, and not by virtue of a Papal Privilege.
1805 W. Roscoe Life Leo X IV. xxi. 211 Upon his appointment to the office of librarian of the Vatican, he undertook the laborious task of selecting and arranging the ancient publick documents there deposited, containing imperial privileges, bulls, and instruments; of which he formed an exact index.
1850 Times 2 Nov. 7/1 I have found in the decrees of the Congregation of Rites a remarkable exception to this statement, by tracing the origin of this prayer to a special privilege granted by Pope Pius V.
1885 W. E. Addis & T. Arnold Catholic Dict. (ed. 3) (at cited word) A private enactment, granting some special benefit or favour, against or outside the law... A privilege may be granted by word of mouth as well as by deed.
1906 T. M. Lindsay Hist. Reformation I. i. 15 The Roman Church had become a law-court..—an arena of rival litigants, a chancery of writers, notaries, and tax-gatherers,—where transactions about privileges, dispensations, buying of benefices, etc., were carried on.
1998 Studia Canonica (Nexis) Mar. 5 Canon 18 requires a strict interpretation whenever the law restricts the free exercise of rights, and the removal of a faculty may involve such a restriction. ‘Faculty’ cannot be equated, for example, with a dispensation or privilege.
2.
a. A right, advantage, or immunity granted to or enjoyed by an individual, corporation of individuals, etc., beyond the usual rights or advantages of others; spec. (a) an exemption from a normal duty, liability, etc.; (b) enjoyment of some benefit (as wealth, education, standard of living, etc.) above the average or that deemed usual or necessary for a particular group (in plural sometimes contrasted with rights).Quot. a1387 may perhaps belong at sense 5.
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > dueness or propriety > [noun] > right or moral entitlement > a right > special
privilegeOE
prerogativec1425
OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1881) I. 156 Florus ða..arærde on his agenum lande mynster..and mid micelre are, þæt mynster gegodode, and priuilegium sette on swutelre gewitnysse.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1876) VI. 205 (MED) Þe fredom and þe privileges of þat place is encressed to grete profit and worschippe.
c1400 J. Gower Eng. Wks. (1901) II. 488 (MED) A knyght schal ferst avowe The right of holi chirche to defende, That no man schal the previlege offende.
c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1904) I. 77 (MED) Þe Abbott of Suldan..had a privalege of old tyme grawntid, þat he sulde att grete festys sytt nexte þe Emperour on his right hand.
a1500 (?c1378) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 424 (MED) Many curatis..wenen þat þei ben not holdun to residense bi leeue of þe pope or of þer bischop or of seculere lordis bi priuylegie.
a1500 in J. Raine Vol. Eng. Misc. N. Counties Eng. (1890) 60 And aske ye prevalege of ye Burgage.
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Miiii To suche other, as he hath graunted suche speciall priuilege.
1574 in D. Calderwood Hist. Kirk Scotl. (Wodrow Soc.) III. 311 When we sought the priviledge of replegiatioun of the universitie from the civill jugement, yee would not grant it to us.
1644 J. Milton Areopagitica 21 The priviledge and dignity of Learning.
1697 in R. Renwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Glasgow (1908) IV. 257 What privilidge for trade may be obtained.
1750 T. Carte Gen. Hist. Eng. II. 274 The King had indeed regranted several privileges to the citizens.
1793 N. Chipman Rep. & Diss. i. 19 The statute..gives a privilege to the debtor, in derogation of the common law right of the creditor.
1818 Times 24 June 2/2 (advt.) Extensive and valuable Property..consisting of the Manors of Stanton and English Bicknor..together with all rights, quit-rents, and privileges whatsoever thereunto belonging.
1847 Republican Compiler (Gettysburg, Pa.) 22 Nov. The boarding pupils are admitted as members of the family of the Principal,..enjoying all the privileges of home.
1893 Dublin Univ. Cal. 15 Fellow-Commoners..have the privilege of dining at the Fellows' Table.
1903 G. Gilbert Cathedral Cities Eng. 139 At one time Chester was a palatine city, enjoying all the privileges peculiar to that dignity.
1949 Oxf. Classical Dict. 35/2 The Alexandrian citizenship was allowed to continue and carried with it certain privileges.
1972 New Yorker 22 July 48/1 Hillside homesites..with ocean beach privileges.
2004 Independent 19 Aug. (Review section) 7/4 Afterwards, as a special privilege, the church warden allows us to climb up into the bell tower, just as the hour is being struck.
b. The special licence, prerogative, or immunity attaching to a specified office or rank. Also figurative and in extended use. privilege of clergy n. = benefit of (his) clergy at clergy n. 6a.In quot. a1535: the royal prerogative.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal right > right of specific class, person, or place > [noun] > royal rights
privilegea1393
royal prerogative1404
royaltyc1440
regality1523
regala1540
regaliaa1540
regalty1614
providential right1695
regale1714
society > law > legal right > right of specific class, person, or place > [noun] > legal privilege or immunity > applying to clergy
clergyc1275
immunity1449
benefit of clergy1488
benefice of clergy1489
benefit of (his) clergy1511
book1537
privilege of clergy1588
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) Prol. 103 The privilege of regalie Was sauf.
a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) viii. 1311 (MED) This pryuylege pronouncid in the toun, Youe to the pope..As souereyn hed..To haue the reule and iurediccioun Of preestis alle.
a1475 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Godstow Nunnery (1905) i. 29 (MED) All these yftys kynge Stephyn by the priuilege of hys regal power haþe strenghyd & confermid.
a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) xix. 6 That is the pryuelege of criste, godis sune.
a1535 T. More Hist. Richard III in Wks. (1557) 47/2 Muche of this mischiefe..myghte bee amended, with greate thank of god and no breache of the priueledge.
1588 W. Lambarde Eirenarcha (new ed.) iv. xiv. 561 In all other cases..the prisoner may enjoy the priuiledge of Clergie.
1622 F. Bacon Hist. Raigne Henry VII 66 The King began..to pare a little the Priuiledge of Clergie.
1680 J. Dryden Kind Keeper iii. i. 24 I have a grudge to him, for the Priviledge of his Sex.
1740 D. Hume Treat. Human Nature App. 305 I must plead the privilege of a sceptic, and confess, that this difficulty is too hard for my understanding.
1751 E. Haywood Hist. Betsy Thoughtless II. xx. 234 She..thought it the privilege of youth to do whatever it listed, provided the rules of virtue were unfringed.
1832 J. F. Cooper Heidenmauer I. xi. 184 The lord of the hold again saluted Ulrike and her daughter. This freedom was the privilege of his rank, and of his character as host.
1843 H. W. Longfellow Spanish Student i. i. 11 Lara... I think the girl extremely beautiful. Don C. Almost beyond the privilege of woman!
1898 H. Fisher Medieval Empire I. 78 In 1125 Henry the Fifth recognizes that the bishop possesses judicial authority over the whole of Eastern Franconia, and the royal privilege which conferred these powers must have dated from the reign of Henry II.
1924 H. Allen et al. Dict. Mod. Music & Musicians 492 The royal privilege of presenting grand opera was completely reserved for this theatre up to the second part of the XVIII century.
1962 M. C. Bradbrook Rise of Common Player i. 34 Their final fate is to be taken up for soldiers, in spite of pleading the privilege of their livery.
2005 Africa News (Nexis) 29 Nov. When it suits them, politicians in power invoke the privilege of age to cajole people into acquiescence.
c. spec. The set of rights and immunities enjoyed by a legislative body, its members, and officers. Also in plural.The privileges enjoyed by members and officers of the two Houses of Parliament in the United Kingdom, usually referred to as parliamentary privilege or privilege of Parliament (or, in relation to the House of Lords, privilege of peers or privilege of peerage), include freedom of speech (protection by immunity from civil or criminal proceedings in respect of things said in the course of proceedings in Parliament) and the right of exclusive jurisdiction by each House over its own affairs. Also used of similar immunities in other legislative assemblies (as congressional privilege, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal right > right of specific class, person, or place > [noun] > legal privilege or immunity > applying to parliament
privilege1549
1549 Orig. Jrnls. House of Commons 7 Feb. (Parl. Archives HC/CL/JO/1/1) f. 13v It is ordred that John Sertcher seruaunte to sir Anthony Wyngfelde knight of the Shire of Suff. shall haue a wrytt of privylege.
1553 Orig. Jrnl. House of Commons 17 Nov. (Parl. Archives HC/CL/JO/1/1) f. 88v John Waller of Westminster, gent. seruaunt to Sir Thomas Cheynye, knyght for Kent, attached in London at the sute of John Adryan, hath privilege.
1606 R. Bowyer Diary 14 Feb. in Parl. Diary (1931) 37 The howse held the arresting of Skepweth to be a contempt and contrary to the priviledges of the howse.
1640 His Majesties Declar. Causes which moved him to dissolve Last Parl. 25 The Lords had in the first Conference enumerated those three particulars, of Religion, Propriety of Goods, and Priviledge of Parliament.
1648 W. Erbery Lord of Hosts 23 If poor or rich among us shall have our propriety and peace invaded, by a Kingly prerogative, or Parliamentary priviledge (that's the oppressing Assyrian) We shall raise against him seven Shepherds, and eight principall men.
1663 J. Heath Flagellum (1672) 29 Secured from an Imprisonment by his priviledge as a Member.
1689 Proc. & Tryal Archbishop of Canterbury & Right Rev. Fathers 14 It is the Priviledge of the Peers of England.
1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. iv. 283 In his [sc. the King's] passage through the City, the Rude people..cryed out, ‘Privilege of Parliament, Privilege of Parliament’.
1735 T. Salmon Crit. Rev. State Trials 217/2 I do not see how an Irish peer could be legally tryed here, for a Fact committed in Ireland; because, at this rate he loses his Privilege of Peerage.
1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. 163 An observation, that the principal privilege of parliament consisted in this, that it's privileges were not certainly known to any but the parliament itself.
1827 H. Hallam Constit. Hist. Eng. II. xiii. 365 The commons voted Skinner into custody for a breach of privilege.
1844 Bangor (Maine) Daily Whig & Courier 8 Oct. 1/5 A good deal has been said..about the sudden arrival and departure of Col. Benton from this city—his pleading his congressional privilege, and connecting it with a case in the Circuit Court.
1863 H. Cox Inst. Eng. Govt. i. ix. 204 A peer is, by the privilege of peerage, always exempt from such arrest.
1883 Chambers's Encycl. at Peer The House of Lords, on the report of a Committee of Privileges, held that he [sc. Baron Wensleydale] was not entitled to sit and vote in parliament.
1926 D. L. Sayers Clouds of Witness xiv. 249 The papers had leaderettes on ‘Trial by his Peers’ by a Woman Barrister, and ‘The Privilege of Peers: should it be abolished?’
1955 Times 9 June 7/6 Breach of privilege had occurred in that an attempt had been made through newspaper articles to influence and intimidate Mr. Morgan in his conduct in the House.
1973 Valley Independent (Monessen, Pa.) 5 Feb. 4/2 We think Senator Hartke has erred in claiming congressional privilege against being subjected to a routine procedure all others must submit to.
2002 R. Neill White Out iii. 95 The Liberal Senator Bill Heffernan used parliamentary privilege to identify the alleged molester of Scott's children.
d. An entitlement enjoyed by all the inmates of a penal or psychiatric institution as part of the normal regime, but which the authorities may withdraw as a punishment.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > [noun] > period in which privileges are allowed > entitlement enjoyed as privilege
privilege1954
1954 A. H. Stanton & M. S. Schwartz Mental Hosp. xii. 250 A mental hospital is a place where ordinary civil liberties are called ‘privileges’.
1966 T. Capote In Cold Blood iv. 265 The privileges granted ordinary prisoners were denied them; no radios or card games, not even an exercise period.
1994 Daily Mail 29 Sept. 32/2 Tensions had been simmering at the Category C prison since governor David Sherword withdrew inmates' privileges.
3.
†a. A special distinction; a distinctive quality, characteristic, or attribute. Obsolete.Usually denoting a distinctive feature of a positive kind, and therefore not altogether distinct from the sense of ‘a special advantage’ in sense 3b; sometimes, however, extended to a more neutral sense.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > [noun] > a characteristic
privilegec1225
distinctionc1374
propertyc1390
tachea1400
pointa1425
specialty?a1425
difference?c1425
conditionc1460
markc1522
touch1528
specialty1532
differentia1551
character?1569
formality1570
particularity1585
peculiar1589
accent1591
appropriation1600
characterism1603
peculiarity1606
resemblance1622
propera1626
speciality1625
specificationa1631
appropriament1633
characteristic1646
discrimination1646
diagnostic1651
characteristical1660
stroke1666
talent1670
physiognomya1680
oddity1713
distinctive1816
spécialité1836
trait1864
flavour1866
middle name1905
discriminant1920
discriminator1943
society > morality > dueness or propriety > [noun] > right or moral entitlement > a right > special > attaching to some office, rank, etc.
privilegec1225
c1225 (?c1200) Hali Meiðhad (Bodl.) (1940) 321 Þus feole priuileges schawið ful sutelliche Hwucche beoð þer meiðnes & sundrið ham from þe oðre.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 125 In anlich lif he [sc. John the Baptist] biȝet þreo pre eminences. Priuilegie of precheur. Mede of Martirdom. & Meidene Mede.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 65 Þe preuylagis of þis day [sc. Good Friday] were offringe of crist, spoylinge of helle, and eke ouercomynge of deþ.
a1425 (c1340) R. Rolle Comm. on Canticles (Laud) in Psalter (1884) 523 (MED) Before all in pryuelege of brennand luf, sho louyd god.
c1480 (a1400) St. Lawrence 790 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 425 Ymang al otheris als had he specialis prewylege thre.
a1500 (?c1425) Speculum Sacerdotale (1936) 182 (MED) This seynt haþ iiii preuyleges, for he haþ by hym-self a fastynge made before alle oþer marteres..And this blessid marter, Seynt Laurence, haþ þe preuelege of marterdom.
b. A special advantage, benefit, or favour (bestowed by God, providence, chance, etc.); an exceptionally rare and fortunate opportunity; the honour or good fortune of something or to do something.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > advantage > [noun] > an advantage, benefit, or favourable circumstance > natural or special
privilege1340
prerogativea1387
benefita1616
plus1959
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 15 In erþe ne ys zuo holi man þet moȝe parfitliche be-uly alle þe maneres of zenne..wyþ-oute special priuilege [c1450 Bk. Vices & Virtues fredom] of grace.
a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1869) I. 132 (MED) Crist apperide to þes holy wommen fer to graunt a privylegie to wommans kynde.
?a1475 (a1396) W. Hilton Scale of Perfection (Harl. 6579) i. xi. f. 7v (MED) Þis priuilegge hadde marie magdalene..whan sche..was born vp with angeles.
a1525 J. Irland Of Penance & Confession in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1923) I. 47 The sanctis that has singulare preuilegis grantit to thaim be God.
1577 J. Grange Golden Aphroditis sig. Fv What make you then of beautie by this (quoth she?) Plato defined it lady (quoth he) to be a priuiledge of nature.
1639 N. N. tr. J. Du Bosc Compl. Woman i. 39 It is no great priviledge to be exempt from care or unquietnes.
1684 T. Burnet Theory of Earth i. Ep. to King Those that would usurp upon the fundamental priviledge and birth-right of mankind.
1754 Bp. T. Sherlock Disc. I. viii. 227 To be the Children of God is the greatest privilege under the Gospel.
1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall III. xxvii. 31 The privileges of Christianity, temporal as well as spiritual, were confined to the true believers.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. vi. 69 To sit near him at the theatre, and to hear his criticisms on a new play, was regarded as a privilege.
1849 Times 21 July 5/4 They..desired to establish a free constitution in Sicily, such as we had the privilege to enjoy.
1899 W. R. Inge Christian Mysticism vii. 258 We as members of it [sc. the Church], realise the highest and deepest of our spiritual privileges.
1940 J. Buchan Memory Hold-the-Door iii. 49 I had the privilege, too, of knowing some of the bachelor Fellows of the old regime.
1997 Gallop! Jan. 105/3 Peter Scudamore was an unbelievable rider and it is a privilege to take his record.
†c. An advantage yielded; superiority, mastery. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > mastery or superiority > [noun]
overhandc1175
masteryc1225
gree1320
betc1330
pricea1350
advantagea1393
overmasterya1400
voicea1400
betterc1405
higherc1450
prevaila1460
superiority1548
mastership1573
prevalence1604
eminence1609
privilegea1616
prevalency1623
upper fortunea1625
whipping-hand1682
whip hand1806
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) iii. i. 124 I would see his heart out, ere the Priest Should euer get that priuiledge of me. View more context for this quotation
4. A document or deed attesting or conferring a right, advantage, or immunity. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal right > [noun] > document conferring right or privilege
privilegec1240
charter?a1250
patentc1387
diplomaa1658
brevet1689
charta1698
codicil1781
c1240 ( Writ of Edward the Confessor, Wells (Sawyer 1115) in S. E. Kelly Charters of Bath & Wells (2007) 231 Ich wylle þæt se biscop dichte priuilegium þær to bi minon fullan gelifan.
1312–13 ( Bounds (Sawyer 909) in S. R. Wigram Cartulary Monastery St. Frideswide (1895) I. 8 Þeor [read þeos] priuilege wer se dikt [read wes gediht] inne Hedenedone.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 318 Lettres ben y-seled with wax..and priuileges ben confermed wiþ wex.
a1475 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Godstow Nunnery (1905) i. 48 (MED) They haue shewyd in iuggement the priuylege of the pope excusynge hem fro the payment of tethys.
a1500 Eng. Conquest Ireland (Rawl.) (1896) 91 (MED) At Watyrford..wer the pryuylegis y-shewyd and y-radd..and grauntyd hyghlych of al the comynys.
1575 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1882) IV. 38 The townys writingis following..vizt..the priuelege of the confrerie of the Hally blud.
1818 H. Hallam View Europe Middle Ages I. v. 467 In the famous privilege of Austria, granted by Frederic I in 1156.
1936 Eng. Hist. Rev. 51 421 To Giso of Wells [Pope] Nicholas granted a privilege which has survived and is believed to be the earliest original bull extant in England.
1952 F. E. Harmer Anglo-Saxon Writs 136 In King Edward's time a privilegium might be drawn up not by the royal clerks but by an interested ecclesiastic.
1998 C. Wickham Community & Clientele 12th-Cent. Tuscany ii. 15 [In 1186] Henry VI issued a privilege to the Lucchesi that is the first text to make explicit how far the zone extended.
†5. A right of asylum or sanctuary granted to a particular place, esp. a church or temple. Obsolete.For an explanation of quot. 1648, see quot. 1648 at privilege v. 1a.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal right > right of specific class, person, or place > [noun] > right of asylum
privilegea1387
franchisec1425
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > [noun] > inviolable refuge, sanctuary, or asylum > right of affording
sanctuaryc1380
privilegea1387
franchisec1425
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 247 Molimicius..is he þat ȝaf priueliche [v.r. priuelege; ?a1475 anon. tr. immunite; L. immunitate] and fredom to temples.
?a1425 Mandeville's Trav. (Egerton) (1889) 34 (MED) Ebron..had swilk a priuilege þat what man so fledd þider for manslaghter or any oþer forfeture, he myght seurly dwell in þat citee.
1485 Rolls of Parl. VI. 291/2 He was faine..to take tuition and privilledge of the Seinctuarie of Glouc'.
a1535 T. More Hist. Richard III in Wks. (1557) 46/1 It would bee..to the..hyghe dyspleasure of Godde, yf the priueledge of that holye place should nowe bee broken.
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III iii. i. 41 God in heauen forbid We should infringe the holy priuiledge Of blessed sanctuary. View more context for this quotation
1648 T. Gage Eng.-Amer. Table The priviledge of a great river, called Lempa, dividing the Countrey of St. Salvador, and Nicaragua.
1683 Britanniæ Speculum 24 That the Wayes leading to the Temples, and the Roads of Great Cities, should have like Priviledges.
6. As a mass noun: the fact or state of being privileged. In later use also: the existence of economic and social privileges associated with rank or status; the fact of there being such privileges within a society.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > mastery or superiority > [noun] > advantage over another
privilegec1390
advantagec1405
vantage1523
overmatch1542
odds1596
pull1781
society > law > legal right > right of specific class, person, or place > [noun] > privilege or exceptional right > franchise or privilege of individual or corporation
freedomeOE
franchise1387
privilegec1390
monopoly1578
octroi1578
concession1837
society > faith > church government > ecclesiastical authority > [noun] > ordinance of > dispensation > granted by Pope
privilegec1390
indultc1540
indulto1753
c1390 G. Chaucer Melibeus 3040 He is worthy to lesen his priuilege [v.r. privelegge] that mysvseth the myght and the power that is yeuen hym.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. 1989 (MED) Largesse it is, whos privilegge Ther mai non Avarice abregge.
?c1450 Pistel of Swete Susan (Pierpont Morgan) 33 (MED) Prestes hye of priuylage were praysed saune pere.
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 140 Lest he put hym from priuelage & his place take.
1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. iv. f. 28v Abbaties and priories are geuen to very boyes, by privilege, that is to say, by common and vsuall custome.
c1595 Countess of Pembroke Psalme lxxxix. 120 in Coll. Wks. (1998) II. 135 From this necessity [sc. death]..No priuiledg exemptes.
1647 A. Cowley Bathing in Mistress v As in the Ocean Thou No priviledge dost know Above th' impurest streams that thither flow.
1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison IV. xx. 150 A..man, who wants to assume airs of privilege, and thinks he has a right to be impertinent.
1816 W. Scott Antiquary I. v. 108 The whiggish and perverse opposition to established rank and privilege.
1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. xvi. 716 There was an end of privilege if an Earl was to be doomed to death by tarpaulins seated round a table in the cabin of a ship.
1894 H. H. Asquith Speech at Newburgh 24 Oct. To seek for the disenthronement of religious privilege.
1938 ‘G. Orwell’ Homage to Catalonia viii. 140 No privilege and no boot-licking.
1974 R. A. Caro Power Broker ii. iv. 59 The cheers for Wilson's ‘New Freedom’ reform program were ringing from virtually every corner of the country except the bastions of privilege.
1991 Nation (N.Y.) 14 Oct. 444/2 Yeltsin, sensing the popular mood, gained fame by expressing the plebeian resentment against privilege.
†7. Roman Law. A special provision or ordinance relating to a particular individual or a small group of specified individuals. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > types of laws > [noun] > with reference to individual
privilege1483
private bill1572
private Acta1638
1483 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 89074) (1881) 292 A Pryvalege, priuilegium, quasi priuatus legem.
1548 T. Cooper Bibliotheca Eliotæ (rev. ed.) Priuilegium,..a lawe concernyng priuate persons, also a priuate or speciall lawe, a priuilege.
1741 C. Middleton Hist. Life Cicero I. v. 339 It was not properly a law, but what they called a privilege; or an act, to inflict penalties on a particular Citizen by name, without any previous trial.
1799 J. Mackintosh Study Law Nature & Nations 50 (note) Privilege, in Roman jurisprudence, means the exemption of one individual from the operation of a law.
1909 Daily Chron. 29 Nov. 4/5 ‘Privilege’, of which we are hearing so much in connection with the crisis, is a word that has both broadened and narrowed in English use. Its original Latin meaning was a law in favour of or against an individual, more commonly against him.]
8.
a. A grant to an individual, corporation, community, etc., of a legal or (esp.) commercial right, esp. to the exclusion or prejudice of the rights of others; a franchise, monopoly, or patent. Now chiefly historical.The sole right to print or publish a book, as granted by the monarch, was often signified by the Latin phrase cum privilegio (ad imprimendum solum) (see cum privilegio (ad imprimendum solum) at cum prep. a).
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > printing > publishing > [noun] > publishing rights
privilege1513
copyright1735
fair use1869
book rights1880
release1904
magazine rights1909
fair dealing1916
permission1945
1513 Act 1 Hen. VIII sig. D.iiijv Enprynted in London by..Richarde Pynson... With the pryuylege of our moste gracious Soueraygne lorde kynge Henry the .viii.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement sig. A.iiii Here foloweth the copy of the kynges graces pryuilege, graunted vnto the Authour for the space of seuyn yeres.
?1541 M. Coverdale Confut. Standish sig. aijv The shame is it of all Englande, that vnder his [sc. the king's] priuilege anye erroneous, contentious, or slaunderous boke or papyre shulde be prynted.
1592 T. Nashe Pierce Penilesse (Brit. Libr. copy) sig. F3 v The Printer..were best get a priuiledge betimes, Ad imprimendum solum.
1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. Fff1/2 A personall priuiledge is that, which is graunted to any person, either against, or beside the course of the common law... A priuiledge reall is that, which is graunted to a place, as to the Vniuersities, that none of either may be called to Westm. hall, vpon any contract made within their owne precincts.
1685 W. Petty Will in Tracts (1769) p. vii The copper-plates for the maps of Ireland with the king's privilege, which I rate at 100 l. per ann.
1741 T. Robinson Common Law of Kent ii. viii. 265 It was usual in ancient Royal Donations of Manors lying out of the Weald, to render the grant more compleat by an additional Privilege of Common of Pannage.
1753 N. Torriano tr. J. B. L. Chomel Hist. Diss. Gangrenous Sore Throat 116 The French Book was also published by Privilege of the King of France.
1848 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 III. vi. 310 They..joined in the clamour against the East India Company's exclusive privileges.
1890 Fiske Civ. Govt. U.S. vi. 150 The charter of Maryland conferred upon Lord Baltimore the most extensive privileges ever bestowed by the British crown upon any subject.
1900 Times 17 Aug. 6/5 How we began by asking for a privilege to trade and ended by annexing provinces after disastrous wars is no secret.
1923 W. S. Robertson Hispanic-Amer. Relations U.S. i. 6 By subsequent laws the privilege to engage in direct trade with the Indies was extended to additional ports in Spain.
1947 D. Hunter Papermaking (ed. 2) ii. 57 There is a record stating that in the year 1597 a papermaking family was granted the privilege of gathering mitsumata bark in a certain locality of Japan.
1993 J. C. Ginsburg in C. Armbruster Publishing & Readership Revolutionary France & Amer. 104 Buffon's widow had charged copyright infringement of Natural History, whose 40-year printing privilege granted under the ancien régime had not yet expired.
†b. figurative. A licence, a sanction. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > lack of subjection > permission > [noun] > formal or authoritative permission > a formal or authoritative permission
safe conduct?1404
licence1433
royalty1633
fiat1647
licent1676
liceat1686
privilege1715
sanction1720
smart ticket1734
post warrant1812
sanctionment1818
wine-warrant1857
carnet1926
1715 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad I. i. 385 Has foul Reproach a Privilege from Heav'n?
†9. U.S. A (section of) river capable of powering machinery, as for a mill, factory, etc.; = water privilege n. (b) at water n. Compounds 7. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal right > rights to do or use something > [noun] > rights to use water
watercourse1576
watering1681
water rights1793
water privilege1804
privilege1835
1835 Knickerbocker Apr. 272 There was also a great business done at a tilt-hammer forge, over a fine ‘privilege’, where ‘the sweet waters meet’.
1845 C. M. Kirkland Western Clearings 195 He paced the bank of the noisy little ‘privilege’ that turned the gristmill.
1865 10th Ann. Rep. Maine Board Agric. i. 138 Bond Brook..furnishes an excellent privilege for considerable machinery.
10. U.S. Stock Market. = option n. 6a. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > other trading methods > [noun] > option
option1746
privilege1848
stock option1877
1848 W. Armstrong Stocks & Stock-jobbing Wall-St. 9 A person once lost $3000 on a privilege that he sold for ten dollars.
1870 J. K. Medbery Men & Myst. Wall St. vi. 101 ‘Privileges’ approach very nearly to the nature of a bet. Privileges are either puts or calls.
1930 P. L. Carret Art of Speculation 322 The chances are four or five to one in normal markets that the stock optioned will not move far enough within the life of the privilege to yield its holder a profit.
1933 Sun (Baltimore) 21 July 2/4 The directors also issued an announcement canceling trading in weekly privileges..and also declared privileges for tomorrow null and void.
1961 Webster's 3rd New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Privilege,..a call, put, spread, straddle, or comparable maneuver on a stock or produce exchange.

Phrases

writ of privilege n. now rare a writ to deliver a privileged person (such as a member of parliament) from custody when arrested in a civil suit.Since the abolition of imprisonment for debt, the privilege of exemption from civil arrest is only applicable in very limited circumstances (e.g. imprisonment for breaching the order of a court in a civil case).
ΚΠ
1452 in J. T. Gilbert Cal. Anc. Rec. Dublin (1889) I. 277 Gyff any men within the seid cite will sywe eny wryttis of privelage.
1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. Cccc3v/1 A writ of priuiledge is that which a priuiledged person bringeth to the court, for his exemption, by reason of some priuiledge.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) A Writ of Privilege is that which a privileged Person brings to the Court for his Exemption.
1934 K. W. M. Pickthorn Early Tudor Govt.: Henry VII 476 No attempt was made to release him by mere fiat of the house of commons, but he had a writ of privilege.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.
privilege pass n.
ΚΠ
1906 Times 13 July 12/4 The gentleman held a privilege pass, which..only entitled the holder to precedence over other traffic.
1991 Gay Times Mar. 80/1 (advt.) Shalimar Hotel... Excellent location. 2 mins from bars & clubs. Map & privilege pass given to all guests.
privilege system n.
ΚΠ
1846 Daily Sentinel & Gaz. (Milwaukee, Wisconsin Territory) 9 Dec. Nobody has proposed to revive in Wisconsin the ‘Safety Fund’, ‘Wild Cat’, or any other ‘special privilege’ system.]
1868 Times 31 July 9/2 The cabdrivers earnestly solicit a generous public to assist them in their efforts to abolish the railway privilege system, by refusing to employ privileged cabs.
2004 Orlando (Florida) Sentinel (Nexis) 1 June a10 With a freedom system, you have choice. With a privilege system, you are controlled. I know the privilege system. I grew up in segregated Mississippi.
privilege ticket n.
ΚΠ
1829 Times 5 May 3/2 (advt.) Any of the Subscribers who may have not received their privilege tickets of admission to the concerts of the pupils this season, are requested to send for them to the Academy.
1897 Westm. Gaz. 15 Feb. 5/3 The privilege ticket system, by which the employés of every railway company were enabled to travel over all parts of the Kingdom, or at any rate over all the leading lines, at..one-half of a single third-class fare for the double journey.
2005 Yorks. Post (Nexis) 21 Apr. The said union decided to stop all new staff on the catering side from getting privilege tickets of any kind, saying they weren't railway workers.
C2.
privilege book n. rare (now historical) = privileged book n. at privileged adj. Compounds.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > book > kind of book > [noun] > book with specific publication rights
privilege book1607
prerogative copy1682
1607 in Plomer Abstr. Wills Eng. Printers (1903) 42 The priviledge books quiers and bindings at the price I paid for them.
1935 Rev. Eng. Stud. 11 477 Most of the books given up were not privilege books at all but ordinary copyrights.
privilege cab n. now historical (in the United Kingdom, at the end of the 19th cent. and the beginning of the 20th cent.) a cab allowed to stand for hire in a place (usually a railway station) from which other cabs were excluded.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicles (plying) for hire > [noun] > hackney carriage > with exclusive right to stand in specific place
privileged cab1852
privilege cab1868
1868 Times 3 Sept. 5/5 Your directors not having suggested any alteration in the privilege cab system, the trade will feel itself bound to carry out its pledge to the resolution.
1907 Times 19 Aug. 16/2 The contracts provide that the privilege cabs shall be of the best type, and that the horses shall be good serviceable animals.
1956 D. G. Browne Rise Scotl. Yard xx. 272 Taximeters were made compulsory for motor-cabs, and ‘privilege’ cabs at railway stations..were abolished.
privilege cab-driver n. now historical a driver of a privilege cab.
ΚΠ
1896 Times 26 Sept. 11/5 A new system..will considerably increase the earnings of the privilege cabdrivers, and relieve to some extent the pressure at the various stations during certain periods of the day.
1907 Times 19 Aug. 16/2 The privilege cab-drivers, accustomed for many years to station work, fear they would be greatly prejudiced by having to compete for ordinary street work.
privilege debate n. Politics a debate relating to the extent or application of parliamentary privilege (see sense 2c).
ΚΠ
1840 Times 8 Feb. 5/1 Lord John Russell then moved the resumption of the privilege debate.
1899 Westm. Gaz. 2 Sept. 4/3 It was decided in a privilege debate in the House of Commons in 1830 that a solicitor in Parliamentary practice cannot occupy a seat in the House.
1980 Times (Nexis) 10 Sept. 16/5 His performance at the tribunal together with his personal success in the big privilege debate in the House of Commons on the Strauss affair, added greatly to his reputation.
privilege leave n. originally Military additional leave of absence awarded as a privilege in particular circumstances.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > lack of subjection > permission > [noun] > permission to be absent > given to officials or military personnel
furlough1631
privilege leave1865
1865 Times 20 Nov. 12/3 Under the new Admiralty regulations also, respecting ‘special and privilege leave’,..many of the best behaved petty officers and men have been allowed leave on shore at every port.
1883 R. Kipling Let. 14 Aug. in C. E. Carrington Rudyard Kipling (1955) iv. 53 Privilege leave..gives you the pleasant duty of enjoying yourself in a cool climate for thirty days and being paid £20 for that duty.
1902 Westm. Gaz. 12 July 2/1 She was marrying an officer, home on privilege leave, and they had to be back in India by a given date.
1980 J. Ditton Copley's Hunch ii. ii. 138 Anybody who escapes from enemy hands is entitled to leave—over and above the ordinary ration of privilege leave.
1995 Activists Campaign Against ‘Holiday Culture’ in India in misc.news.southasia (Usenet newsgroup) 27 May The non-working days include public holidays, sick leave,casual leave, privilege leave and vacations for winter, summer andDurga Puja.
privilege paper n. a document attesting a particular privilege attaching to the bearer.
ΚΠ
1825 Gentleman's Mag. 95 i. 6 A free person of colour is now entitled to give evidence against a white, in any Court of Justice, upon producing his privilege papers.
1934 Jrnl. Negro Hist. 19 149 A bill..dispensing with the requirement for the presentation of privilege papers on the occasions during which a free person of color was called to testify in court.
2005 Akron (Ohio) Beacon Jrnl. (Nexis) 16 Jan. f4 Police said he was found to be driving under suspension, did not have his driving privilege papers, and had been drinking.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

privilegev.

Brit. /ˈprɪv(ᵻ)lɪdʒ/, /ˈprɪvl̩ɪdʒ/, U.S. /ˈprɪv(ə)lɪdʒ/
Forms: see privilege n.; also Middle English priuelegged (past participle), Middle English priuilegged (past participle); Scottish pre-1700 priuilegiit (past participle).
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly formed within English, by conversion. Partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: privilege n.; French privilegier.
Etymology: Partly < privilege n., and partly < Middle French privilegier (French privilégier ) to grant indulgences to (a church) (c1223 in Old French), to grant a privilege to (1260) < privilege (see privilege n.). Compare post-classical Latin privilegiare to endow with a privilege (frequently from 12th cent. in British sources). Compare also Old Occitan privilegiar (1283), Catalan privilegiar (a1315), Spanish privilegiar (end of the 15th cent.), Portuguese privilegiar (13th cent.), Italian privilegiare (c1225).In Middle English prefixed and unprefixed forms of the past participle are attested (see y- prefix).
1.
a. transitive. To grant a privilege, right, or immunity to; to invest (a place, establishment, etc.) with a special distinction, licence, or legal power; to treat with special benefit or favour; to permit (a person) to do something as a privilege or favour. In later use frequently in passive.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal right > right of specific class, person, or place > [verb (transitive)] > invest with franchise or privilege
franchisea1325
privilegea1325
libertyc1425
charter1542
privilegiatea1575
endow1601
octroy1845
society > morality > dueness or propriety > [verb (transitive)] > entitle > grant special right to
privilegea1325
privilegiatea1575
a1325 Statutes of Realm (2011) vii. 58 Þat heo ne grauntien noȝt fram nou forthward citacions þat a woeten to þe instaunce of Hospitelers ant Templers, oþer to oþere ipriuelegede.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 45 Belinus þe kyng..made foure hiȝe kyng weies i-priueleged.
c1390 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale 1040 The Pater noster..is pryuyleged [v.rr. priuelegged, priuilegged] of thre thynges..for which it is moore digne than any oother preyere.
?c1475 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 15562) f. 99v To Pryuelege, preuilegiare.
1528 W. Tyndale Obed. Christen Man f. xxxii The kinge hath no power but to his damnacion to previleage the spirituality to synne vnpunyshed.
1547 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 78 Oure Soverane Lady privelegis and grantis to thaim that thai may enter within thre termes.
1577–8 in Acts Privy Council (1895) X. 189 As namelie Richard Fotell, under the name of Lawe Bookes, dothe printe and make sale of certen abridgmentes of Statutes, being not thereunto privileged either from her Majestie or from us.
1597 T. Beard Theatre Gods Iudgements ii. xxi. 318 How infamous a thing it is..to priuiledge and allow publike places for adulteries.
1648 T. Gage Eng.-Amer. xxi. 184 This River is privileged in this manner, that if a man commit any hainous crime or murther on [either] side..if hee can flie to get over this River, he is free as long as hee liveth on the other side.
1688 J. Bunyan Good News for Vilest of Men 11 He [sc. Christ] had a mind..to priviledge the worst of Sinners with the first offer of Mercy.
1689 R. Milward Selden's Table-talk 45 True, you hold a higher Place in the State than I..but your Dignity does not priviledge you to do me an Injury.
1742 E. Young Complaint: Night the Second 39 The Chamber..Is privileg'd beyond the common Walk Of virtuous life, quite in the Verge of Heaven.
1796 R. Southey Joan of Arc vi. 240 Let this woman who believes her name May privilege her herald, see the fire Consume him.
1832 T. Carlyle Reminisc. (1881) I. 51 John Johnston, the priestliest man I ever under any ecclesiastical guise was privileged to look upon.
1839 P. M. Taylor Confessions of Thug II. xv. 263 Be not angry; if a friend is not privileged to crack a joke now and then, who, in Bhugwan's name, is?
1896 Daily News 24 Sept. 7/5 We do not privilege any vehicle unless it is a good one and the driver a steady and respectable man.
1941 Univ. Chicago Law Rev. 8 514 This function does not privilege them [sc. the courts] to write anew where Congress has already spoken.
1975 T. C. Kennedy Charles A. Beard & Amer. Foreign Policy p. v I have been privileged to see and to utilize unpublished correspondence to a greater degree than the author of any previous published work on Beard.
2004 Wall St. Jrnl. 7 July (Central ed.) a11/2 The lawyers who have been privileged to work within this office, from Erwin Griswold to William Rehnquist to Antonin Scalia to Theodore Olson.
†b. transitive (reflexive). To avail oneself of a privilege. Obsolete.In quot. 1602: to take sanctuary.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > take refuge or shelter [verb (reflexive)] > take asylum
privilege1582
asylum1794
1582 G. Whetstone Heptameron Ciuill Disc. i. sig. D.ijv Where you thinke to priuiledge your selfe by: your Habyt.
1602 W. Warner Epitome Hist. Eng. in Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) 395 He allured out of Sanctuarie his fiue Neeces..who with the queene Mother..had of long time priuiledged themselues there.
a1632 T. Taylor Christs Victorie over Dragon (1633) 593 The enemies of the Church, whose tongues are now their owne, none may controll them, they priviledge themselves to devise and disperse what lyes they list.
c. Roman Catholic Church. To cause (an altar) to be privileged (see privileged altar n. at privileged adj. Compounds). Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > artefacts > division of building (general) > altar > [verb (transitive)] > make an altar privileged
privilege1605
1605 E. Sandys Relation State of Relig. B2 Yet few Cities are there, wherein there are not one or two Altars priviledged, Pro defunctis, where for every Masse saide, a soule is delivered.
1844 Orthodox Jrnl. 6 Jan. 3/2 The high altar was privileged by Gregory XIII.
1985 Burlington Mag. July 442/1 The theme [sc. Transitus Beatae Mariae Virginus] had particular import for the Carmelite order..and was suited to an altar privileged for the missa de' morti.
d. transitive. In passive. To be entitled to a special right or benefit.
ΚΠ
1856 B. G. Ferris Mormons at Home xii. 199 A few who call themselves physicians..are privileged to a seat in this important assemblage.
1953 N. Muhlen Return of Germany xii. 256 By the law of co-determination, labor was privileged to a half share in running big business.
1983 Sociol. Theory 1 268 Ironically, the convert is not privileged to a nonpartisan knowledge of his or her past.
2. transitive. Chiefly Law. To give (a person, document, fact, etc.) special freedom or immunity from some liability, requirement, or burden; to exempt. Usually in passive.
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > duty or obligation > moral or legal constraint > immunity or exemption from liability > be exempt from (a liability or obligation) [verb (transitive)] > exempt (one) from liability
spare1398
exempt1401
privilegea1475
depardon1501
dispense1627
frank1876
a1475 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Godstow Nunnery (1905) i. 47 (MED) The Abbas & couent of Godstow..byn excusyd & priuilegid by the pope fro the graunt of suche tethis.
1509 in J. D. Marwick Charters rel. Glasgow (1894) I. ii. 100 Forsamekle as our maist noble progenitouris..has priuilegiit and exempit all continuale regentis and studentis..fra all taxt and impositions.
1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 255v He was exempted..or priuileged from bearyng almaner offices of charge.
1597 F. Bacon Ess. f. 2v Some thinges are priuiledged from iest.
1602 W. Segar Honor Mil. & Civill i. xxiv. 31 Souldiers were priuiledged from giuing witnesse in twenty causes.
a1615 P. Lily 2 Serm. (1619) 34 Though women be priviledged from bearing of armes.
1684 J. Walker Antidote 199 None..can with any Truth and Justice exempt and priviledge themselves from paying this Subjection to the Higher Powers.
1718 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 10 Mar. (1965) I. 380 She represented to him..that she was priveleg'd from this misfortune by having brought 5 Princes into the Ottoman family.
1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 431 Representatives are privileged from arrests or mesne process.
1838 Times 13 Mar. 5/5 The facts..must have been communicated in the course of his employment, and as such were privileged from disclosure.
1848 J. J. S. Wharton Law Lexicon (at cited word) Barristers are privileged from arrest eundo, morando et redeundo, going to, coming from, and abiding in court..: so clergymen as to divine service.
1885 Wellsboro (Pa.) Agitator 27 Oct. They [sc. names] are privileged from disclosure on the ground of public policy.
1905 Yale Law Jrnl. 14 374 A trader is not privileged from answering a question which reveals his secret, in such a case.
1967 Times 15 Mar. 6/5 [He] asked the Prime Minister whether cables and radio telegrams sent by M.P.s were privileged from perlustration by the security services.
2005 Property Week (Nexis) 15 July 79 Some documents may be privileged from production and do not need to be disclosed.
†3. transitive. To authorize or permit (something normally forbidden, wrong, etc.); to justify, excuse, sanction. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > duty or obligation > moral or legal constraint > immunity or exemption from liability > justification > justify [verb (transitive)] > justify or sanction
warrant1578
privilege1594
warrantise1600
legitimate1611
sanctify1701
sanction1876
legitimize1892
1594 S. Daniel Delia & Rosamond sig. G6 Kings cannot priuiledge a sinne forbade.
1605 London Prodigall i. i His youth may priuiledge his wantonnesse.
a1668 W. Davenant News from Plimouth iv, in Wks. (1673) 23/1 This Priviledges cowardize, to wrong true valour.
1769 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. IV. ii. 26 The law of England..will not suffer any man thus to privilege one crime by another [i.e. by pleading drunkenness].
4. transitive. To accord a position of higher status or validity to (an interpretation, concept, etc.) in comparison to others, esp. implicitly; to treat as or presuppose to be primary or fundamental. Cf. privileged adj. 4.
ΚΠ
1955 H. E. Barnes tr. J.-P. Sartre Being & Nothingness Introd. i. 3 The appearances which manifest the existent are neither interior nor exterior; they are all equal, they all refer to other appearances, and none of them is privileged.
1963 Hist. & Theory 2 284 No one historian could ever be allowed to claim that, on account of a mere difference of age, his conception or interpretation is fundamentally privileged over any of those advanced by his contemporaries.
1976 T. Eagleton Crit. & Ideol. i. 20 A set of specific ideological formations, each of which is so internally articulated as to privilege certain critical practices as a peculiarly overdetermined instance of its other levels.
2003 T. King Truth about Stories iv. 117 A narrative style that privileges repetition, hyperbole, and orality as storytelling strategies.

Derivatives

ˈprivileger n. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal right > [noun] > one who grants
privileger1587
1587 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Iland Brit. (new ed.) i. xii. 65/2 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) I King Athelstane is taken here for the chiefe priuileger of the towne.
1987 Yale Law Jrnl. 96 756 This joke..undermines the very point that the phonocentrist (the privileger of speech) wants to make.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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