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单词 carrot
释义

carrotn.

Brit. /ˈkarət/, U.S. /ˈkɛrət/
Forms: 1500s caret, carete, carette, carot, carote, carotte, 1500s–1600s carret, 1600s carrat, carroote, 1600s– carrot.
Etymology: < French carotte < Latin carōta; < Greek καρωτόν ? < κάρᾱ head, top. (Compare κεϕαλωτόν, headed, said of plants, as garlic.)
1. An umbelliferous plant ( Daucus carota) having a large, tapering root, which in cultivation is bright red, fleshy, sweet, and edible.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > root vegetables > carrot > plant
carrot1538
1538 W. Turner Libellus de re Herbaria at Davcvs creticvs Mihi uidetur, anglis esse, wylde carot.
1548 W. Turner Names of Herbes sig. F.iv Carettes growe in al countreis in plentie.
1565–78 T. Cooper Thesaurus Carota..the wilde caret.
1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. xvii. 241 Carrot has a large winged involucrum.
1832 E. Lankester Veg. Substances Food 237 Unsuccessful attempts to change by culture the wild carrot into the esculent one.
2.
a. Usually, the edible root itself. figurative (with allusion to the proverbial method of tempting a donkey to move by dangling a carrot before it) an enticement, a promised or expected reward; frequently contrasted with ‘stick’ (= punishment) as the alternative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > root vegetable > [noun] > carrot
tanka1400
clapwypec1425
carrot1541
shorthorn1873
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > root vegetables > carrot
tanka1400
clapwypec1425
carrot1541
shorthorn1873
the mind > will > motivation > attraction, allurement, or enticement > [noun] > one who or that which > that which
lurec1385
baitc1400
traina1425
allective1445
allurement1548
lodestone?1577
attractive1581
invites1615
magnetic1645
magnet1655
invitatory1666
track1672
glittering prize1713
catch1781
the rainbow's end1846
carrot1895
come-on1902
1541 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe (new ed.) 28 Parsnepes and carettes..do nourishe with better iuyce than the other rootes.
1634 Althorp MS in J. N. Simpkinson Washingtons Introd. 26 Parsenipps and carrootes.
1776 S. Johnson in Boswell Life Johnson (1887) II. 439 You would not value the finest head cut upon a carrot.
1783 W. Cowper Epit. on Hare Slic'd carrot pleas'd him well.
1832 E. Lankester Veg. Substances Food 244 The quantity of nutritive matter..in the whole weight of carrot, being 98 parts in 1000.
1895 Westm. Gaz. 24 Aug. 2/2 Among other carrots dangled before the electors last month was Bimetallism.
1916 E. W. Gregory Furnit. Collector 228 The spectacle of an otherwise intellectual individual engaged in trying to plumb the depths of duplicity to which dealers can descend in faking old furniture is like that of the donkey pressing eagerly forward after the dangling carrot. It would..be very pleasant to possess the carrot of complete knowledge, but the conditions render it impossible.
1948 Economist 11 Dec. 957/2 The material shrinkage of rewards and the lightening of penalties, the whittling away of stick and carrot.
1954 J. A. C. Brown Social Psychol. of Industry i. 15 The tacit implication that..most men..are..solely motivated by fear or greed (a motive now described as ‘the carrot or the stick’).
1963 Listener 21 Feb. 321/2 Once Gomulka had thrown away the stick of collectivization, he was compelled to rely on the carrot of a price system favourable to the peasant.
b. Something shaped like a carrot; a plug. Chiefly U.S.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > curvature > curved three-dimensional shape or body > cylinder > [noun] > cylindrical object > tapering at one end
carrot1646
tap1658
the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > tobacco > [noun] > tobacco in a roll, cake, or stick
cane-tobacco1600
pudding tobacco1601
roll1602
tobacco roll1602
canea1612
pudding-packa1618
prick1666
pigtail1681
nova1688
prick tobacco1688
plug1729
plug tobacco1788
twist1791
carrot1808
cavendish1839
nail-rod1848
hard1865
twist tobacco1894
1646 J. Temple Irish Rebell. 106 The Rebels..put a gag or carret in the said Master Bingham's mouth.
1808 Z. M. Pike Acct. Exped. Sources Mississippi i. 17 I..presented him with two carrots of tobacco.
1857 Trans. Illinois State Agric. Soc. 1856–7 2 360 The creoles manufactured the tobacco into carrots, as they were called. A carrot is a roll of tobacco twelve or fifteen inches long, and three or four inches in diameter at the middle of the roll, and tapered towards each end.
1890 Congress. Rec. 27 Aug. 9213/2 I have here some carots [sic] of Cuban tobacco.
3. plural. Applied humorously or derisively to ‘red’ or ‘carroty’ hair, or to one who has such hair. (In the latter case used like a proper name.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > hair > colour of hair > [noun] > red
amber-bush1607
carrots?1671
flame1817
?1671–1702 Young Mans Counsellour (single sheet) The Carrots I'd like to forgot, which is the worst colour of all.
1685 S. Wesley Maggots 57 The Ancients..Pure Carrots call'd pure Threds of beaten Gold.
1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Carrots, Red hair'd People.
1775 R. B. Sheridan Rivals i. i Jack Gauge, the exciseman, has ta'en to his carrots.
1876 M. L. Molesworth (title) Carrots,’ Just a little boy.

Compounds

C1. attributive or as adj. = carroty adj. ? Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > hair > colour of hair > [adjective] > red
redc1275
auburn1591
Abraham?1592
sorrel1600
Abram1602
sandy-coloured1661
carrot1671
carrot-coloured1684
Judas colour1695
carroty1696
sandy1734
gingery1844
Titian1863
gingerous1864
1671 J. Glanvill Further Discov. Stubbe 28 If I had said your head was Red, I had not been such a Liar neither; it was direct Carrot.
c1680 in Roxburghe Ballads (1886) VI. 219 The Carrot pate be sure you hate, for she'l be true to no man.
1710 S. Palmer Moral Ess. Prov. 114 To picture Judas with..a squint eye..a carrot beard.
1877 J. S. Blackie Wise Men Greece 95 The roving Scythian, with his carrot curls.
C2. General attributive.
carrot bunch n.
ΚΠ
1647 J. Cleveland Poems in Char. London-diurnall (Wing C4662) 27 Robson and French..May tire their Carret-bunch.
carrot-fly n.
carrot-poultice n.
ΚΠ
1808 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 19 349 The carrot poultice..would perhaps be useful.
carrot-root n.
ΚΠ
1595 Househ. Bk. Earl Cumbrld in Whitaker Hist. Craven (1812) 320 Pd. for vi cabishes, and some caret roots bought at Hull, 11s.
1829 J. Togno & E. Durand tr. H. Milne-Edwards & P. Vavasseur Man. Materia Medica vi. 207 Carrot Root..has been employed in decoction as a stimulant.
carrot-seed n.
ΚΠ
1832 E. Lankester Veg. Substances Food 242 Carrot-seed is raised..in Essex.
C3.
carrot-coloured adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > hair > colour of hair > [adjective] > red
redc1275
auburn1591
Abraham?1592
sorrel1600
Abram1602
sandy-coloured1661
carrot1671
carrot-coloured1684
Judas colour1695
carroty1696
sandy1734
gingery1844
Titian1863
gingerous1864
1684 London Gaz. No. 1935/4 A Carrot coloured Beard and Hair.
carrot-eating adj.
ΚΠ
a1668 W. Davenant News from Plimouth iii, in Wks. (1673) 13/2 These Carrot-eating Dutch.
carrot-headed adj.
carrot-pated adj.
ΚΠ
1693 J. Bancroft Henry II Prol. sig. A3v Confound the Carrot-pated Jade.
C4.
carrot fly n. (also carrot rust fly) a small fly ( Psila rosæ) whose larva feeds mainly on carrots.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Diptera or flies > [noun] > suborder Cyclorrhapha > family Psilidae > psila rosae (carrot fly)
Negro fly1732
carrot fly1840
1840 J. Loudon & M. Loudon tr. V. Köllar Treat. Insects ii. 161 The larva of the carrot-fly is cylindrical.
1882 Garden 1 Apr. 219/1 The Carrot fly (Psila rosæ) is one of the true flies.
1951 C. N. Colyer & C. O. Hammond Flies Brit. Isles xv. 197 The common Carrot Fly or Carrot-rust Fly, an agricultural pest of some significance.
carrot-tree n. an umbelliferous shrub ( Monizia edulis) with an edible root, found in Deserta Grande, an uninhabited island S.E. of Madeira.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > root vegetables > other root vegetables or plants producing them > tree, shrub, or vine producing root vegetable
carrot-tree1866
Burdekin vine1889
1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. II. 750 The Carrot-tree, has a crooked woody stem one to four feet high..The orchil-gatherers and fishermen..eat the roots.

Draft additions March 2017

carrot stick n. a piece of raw carrot cut into a rectangular baton.
ΚΠ
1931 Laredo (Texas) Times 22 May 6/2 Fresh Carrot Stick Salad.
1967 Times 11 Nov. 18/5 Serve the bowl of dip surrounded with..neat carrot sticks for dipping.
2015 S. Crossan One 167 I'm the one addicted to carrot sticks and fruity tea.

Draft additions September 2013

carrot cake n. a cake in which carrot is one of the principal ingredients; (now esp.) a moist sponge cake containing grated carrot and typically topped with a buttercream or cream cheese icing.
ΚΠ
1903 Ogden (Utah) Standard 11 June 7/1 Crocus carrot cake. Rub four good-sized cooked carrots through a sieve. Add two tablespoons ground almonds, three tablespoons sugar [etc.].
1928 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 21 Dec. 20/3 (advt.) Special cakes for the holidays... Carrot cake..gold loaf cake, diced carrots added, vanilla icing.
1992 Canad. Living 1 Dec. 117 People have been led to believe that munching on muffins, carrot cake and Caesar salad is the ultimate in healthy eating.
2002 National Trust Mag. Summer 32/3 This is definitely the best carrot cake I have ever eaten.

Draft additions September 2013

carrot juice n. the juice of the carrot; this as a drink, now frequently taken for its high vitamin content.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > other drinks > [noun]
Galianesc1386
tawnyc1430
Stygian liquor1638
cool-drink1667
pearl julep1680
ambrosia1685
content1699
amazake1727
carrot juice1772
arrowroot1822
fox-whelp1837
Badminton1845
bug juice1889
mahewu1936
Clamato1951
Arnold Palmer1991
Butterbeer1999
boba2000
1772 A. Hunter et al. Georgical Ess. (new ed.) IV. i. 6 I beg leave to recommend to the philosophical farmer an examination of the carrot juice.
1892 Congregationalist (Boston, Mass.) 5 May 146/4 Carrot juice is effective in cases of jaundice or liver trouble.
1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 227/1 Carrot-juice used formerly to be employed for colouring milk, butter and cheese.
1984 T. C. Boyle Budding Prospects (1985) iii. vii. 203 She sat..behind a sign advertising her health-food store..and served falafel, tahini, tofu salad and carrot juice.
2004 Independent 3 Aug. 5/4 Max Gerson set about finding cures through diets that would clean the body of toxins including coffee enemas..and carrot juice diets.

Draft additions September 2013

carrot-top n. colloquial (usu. depreciative) (a name given to) a red-haired person (cf. sense 3, earlier carrot-topped adj. at Additions).
ΚΠ
1889 Decatur (Illinois) Daily Despatch 30 Aug. I won't stand being called Carrot-top by any one.
1895 P. Cox Frontier Humor 31 What! him as the boys in Gosport used to call Carrot Top Jim?
1994 Sunday Mail (Brisbane) Mag. 29 May 8/2 For years redheads have been the odd ones out and had to bear being dubbed ‘carrot tops’.
2007 Bks. Ireland Feb. 20/2 The motormouth carrot-top who has no shame.

Draft additions September 2013

carrot-topped adj. colloquial (usu. depreciative) red-haired (cf. sense 3, carroty adj.).
ΚΠ
1856 M. J. Holmes Homestead (1871) i. xii. 99 You spalpeen, is it because my skin ain't a dingy yaller and all freckled like yourn? Lord, look at your carrot-topped cocoanut.
1879 Janesville (Wisconsin) Gaz. 20 Mar. She routed..his carrot-topped spouse out of the house.
1960 P. G. Wodehouse Jeeves in Offing xi. 118 I know if anyone called me a carrot-topped Jezebel, umbrage is the first thing I'd take.
2010 N.Y. Mag. 15 Mar. 32/1 Now he's..hiding behind that long red hair, thinking perhaps I'd mistake a similarly carrot-topped woman sitting nearby for him.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

carrotv.

Brit. /ˈkarət/, U.S. /ˈkɛrət/
Etymology: < carrot n., from the yellow colour imparted to the fur.
transitive. To treat (fur) with nitrate of mercury (see quot. 1906). Cf. carroting n. and secretage n.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with skins > work with skins [verb (transitive)] > specific processes in furriery
secrete1839
re-dress1859
carrot1862
point1909
1862 Chambers's Encycl. IV. 560/1 Furs have their felting property sometimes increased by the process of carroting, in which the action of heat is combined with that of sulphuric acid.
1879 Encycl. Brit. IX. 837/1 Furs..of the hare and the rabbit,..dressed, carroted, and cut from the skin.
1906 E. F. Smith tr. V. von Richter Org. Chem. 17 The sécretage or ‘carrotting’ process..consists in a treatment with a solution of mercuric nitrate in nitric acid, in order to improve the felting qualities of the fur.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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n.1538v.1862
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