| 释义 |
▪ I. startle, n.|ˈstɑːt(ə)l|
[f. startle v.]
1. An experience of being startled; a start or shock of surprise or alarm. Also (predicatively), something that startles.
1714Spect. No. 599 ⁋4 After having recovered myself from my first Startle, I was very well pleas'd at the Accident which had befallen me. 1823Byron Juan x. i, Newton..found In that slight startle from his contemplation..A mode of proving that [etc.]. 1836R. H. Froude Rem. (1838) I. 426 Burton's death.. was quite a startle to me. 1844H. Stephens Bk. Farm III. 1029 [The colt] bearing, without a startle, the fall of the pail-handle, [etc.]. 1894Crockett Raiders (ed. 3) 166 This gave me a great startle.
b. nonce-use. A startling perception of something.
1854Lowell Jrnl. Italy Pr. Wks. 1890 I. 191 You receive hints and startles of it through the senses first.
2. A sudden rush (of water).
1912Masefield in Engl. Rev. Oct. 369 Startles of water made the swing ports gush.
▪ II. † ˈstartle, a. Obs. rare.
In 5 styrtyl, -el.
[f. start v. + -le.]
Actuated by sudden impulse.
c1440Promp. Parv. 447/1 Schytylle, styrtyl [Winch. styrtel], or hasty, preceps. Ibid. 476/1 Styrtyl, or hasty, preceps.
▪ III. startle, v.|ˈstɑːt(ə)l|
Also 1 steartlian, 4 stertel, 4, 6, 9 dial. stertle, 5 stertylle, 6 startell, -yll, 6–7 startel, 9 dial. sturtle.
[OE. steartlian:—*startlōjan, f. *start- (: *stert-: *sturt-) see start v. The ME. stertle (whence the mod. word) may however be a new formation on stert- start v.]
†1. intr. In OE.: To kick, struggle. Obs.
a1100Aldhelm Gloss in Napier O.E. Glosses i. 2438 Ut non calcitres (.i. ut non pugnes) þæt þu ne spear[n]last, steartlast. Ibid. ii. 82 (Same lemma.) þæt þu ne steartliᵹe.
2. To rush, move swiftly; to caper. Now dial.
In mod. dialects chiefly said of cows rushing wildly about under a burning sun: see Eng. Dial. Dict.
a1300Body & Soul in Map's Poems (Camden) 335 Thouȝ art unsemly for to se,..Thouȝ ne havest frend that ne wolde fle, come thouȝ stertlinde in the strete. c1385Chaucer L.G.W. 1741 (Seld. MS.) Hir husbond Colatyn Or sche was of him war com stertlyng In. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VIII. 55 Þerynne [sc. on a carved casket] it semeþ þat geantes fiȝten, bestes stertelleþ [L. gestus animalium..conspiciuntur], foules fleeþ. 1398― Barth. De P.R. xviii. cix. (1495) 851 Whan a cowe is stonge wyth a grete flye thenne she..stertelyth as she were wood abowte feldes and playnes. 1483Cath. Angl. 363/1 To Stertylle, exilire, prosilire. c1520Skelton Magnyf. 751, I make them to startyll and sparkyll lyke a bronde. 1526Tindale Mark v. 13 And the heerd starteled [Gr. ὥρµησεν], and ran hedlyng into the see. 1549Compl. Scot. vi. (1873) 37, I beheld the pretty fische vantounly stertland vitht there rede vermeil fynnis. 1555W. Watreman Fardle Facions i. iv. 40 Emong their priestes, loke whome they sawe startle aboute as haulfe wood, him did they iudge of all other mooste holy. 1583B. Melbancke Philotimus S iij, The Leopard pursues his pray leaping and startling. 1616J. Lane Contn. Sqr.'s T. iv. 312 Then the horse gann startel, tripp, and goe. 1637Rutherford Lett. (1664) 66 We see oxen goe to the shambles leaping and startling. 1786Burns Twa Dogs 163 He..down Italian Vista startles [rhyme myrtles].
3. a. To start, to undergo a sudden involuntary movement of the body, caused by surprise, alarm, acute pain, etc. Of a horse: To shy. b. To feel sudden astonishment or alarm; to take fright, be shocked at something. Now rare (superseded by passive of sense 5).
1530Palsgr. 734/1, I startell, as a man dothe that is amased sodaynly, or that hath some inwarde colde. 1540― Acolastus B iv, Thou begynnest to wynche or to startle on this facion. 1562Cooper Answ. Def. Truth Pref., And in dede..a man maye thinke they had good cause to startle at the matter. 1591Savile Tacitus, Hist. ii. lxxiii. 95 Oftentimes as hee [Vespasian] was named, Vitellius would startle. 1600Shakes. A.Y.L. iv. iii. 13 Patience her selfe would startle at this letter, And play the swaggerer. 1603Harsnet Pop. Impost. 136 To teach her..gnash her teeth, startle with her body, [etc.]. 1614Wither Sat. to King Juvenilia (1633) 326 Make them, when their Villanies are blazed, Shudder and startle as men halfe amazed. 1629Gaule Holy Madn. 206 His Head startles, Haires bristle, Browes wrinkle. 1634Sir T. Herbert Trav. 98 His pampered horse startled at him. 1641Vind. Smectymnuus 31 Our loyall hearts startle to think of a repetition of the words. 1660T. M. C. Walker's Hist. Independency iv. 12 But the Dutch [denied]..to vaill to the English because they were the younger State..hereat the English (though yet but an Embrio) begin to startle. a1704T. Brown Char. Jacobite Clergy Wks. 1711 IV. 269 You must either leave them, or else, after the squeamishness of startling at a Surplice, be forc'd to swallow Transubstantiation. 1719Young Revenge ii. i, Yet to ask it Has something shocking to a generous mind; At least Alonzo's spirit startles at it. 1732Lond. Mag. I. 240 Like Moon-blind horses are apt to startle at every object. 1785S. Fielding Ophelia xxx, She..startled at me, as if I had been a monster. 1792Wordsw. Descr. Sk. 60 The cloister startles at the gleam of arms. 1815J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art I. 614 The horses..crowded close to us, startling with great surprise. 1826Lamb Let. to B. Barton 20 Mar., A good lady, a friend's wife, whom I really love (don't startle, I mean in a licit way). 1835Talfourd Ion iii. ii, Which the pirates' nest..would startle at! 1961R. Graves More Poems 42 In the course of travel, you must have startled at Some coign of true felicity. 1972R. Adams Watership Down v. 18 To rabbits, everything unknown is dangerous. The first reaction is to startle, the second to bolt. Again and again they startled, until they were close to exhaustion.
† const. into.1649Lovelace Lucasta 72 The Robber and the Murderer in 'spite Of his red spots shal startle into White.
†c. indirect passive. Obs.
1665Nedham Med. Medicinæ 215 Oure Dogmatical Methodists can now vouchsafe to use such Medicaments as were startled at before. 1673Lady's Calling ii. §1 ⁋18 The liberties that are taken now, would then have been startled at.
†d. To awake with a start; to start up suddenly; to move as if surprised or frightened. to startle back: to recoil, move backwards in terror.
1576Gascoigne Philomene Wks. 1910 II. 189 And stertling from her traunce, I wil revenge (quoth she). 1608H. Clapham Errour Left Hand 56 Why startlest thou back? why lookes thou agast? 1613Heywood Brazen Age I 1, My father..startles vp to thunder-strike the lad, And lets me fall. 1631Gouge God's Arrows iv. §8. 385 Be not so affrighted..as upon the sight of painted fire to startle backe into true burning fire. 1798Coleridge Lewti 58 The river-swans have heard my tread, And startle from their reedy bed. 1813Scott Trierm. iii. xxxix, Gyneth startles from her sleep. 1847James Castle of Ehrenstein xli. III. 198 The Count of Ehrenstein startled up and laid his hand upon his sword.
e. Of inanimate things: To move or change suddenly as if startled.
1812Crabbe Tales vii. 107 And sordid pictures from the fancy pass, As the breath startles from the polish'd glass. 1815Shelley Alastor 476 The grass that sprung Startled and glanced and trembled even to feel An unaccustomed presence. 1888Lowell Poems, Broken Tryst 5 If a dead leaf startle behind me, I think 'tis your garment's hem.
† f. Of the eyes: To ‘start from their sockets’.
1632Lithgow Trav. x. 463 Now mine eyes begun to startle, my mouth to foame and froath, and my teeth to chatter.
†4. To swerve, deviate from a purpose: = start v. 7. Obs.
1649Milton Tenure Kings 4, I shall..exhort them not to startle from the just and pious resolution of adhering with all their assistance to the present Parlament and Army.
5. a. trans. To cause to start; to frighten; to surprise greatly; † to give offence to, to shock.
1595Shakes. John iv. ii. 25 It makes the course of thoughts to fetch about, Startles, and frights consideration. 1608― Per. v. i. 147 Thou little knowst howe thou doest startle me to call thy selfe Marina. 1598Chapman Blind Begg. Alexandria F 3 b, How now my Lords doth beauty startle you. c1611― Iliad xvi. 437 His ruine startl'd th' other steeds. 1634Milton Comus 210 These thoughts may startle well, but not astound The vertuous mind. 1655Fuller Ch. Hist. iii. 108 Not long after, he was arraigned again at the Kings Bench, the news whereof so startled the Clergie, that [etc.]. 1710Tatler No. 257 ⁋2, I was startled with a Flourish of many Musical Instruments. 1817Keats Sonn., ‘O Solitude’, Where the deer's swift leap Startles the wild bee from the fox-glove bell. 1818― Isabella v, If looks speak love-laws, I will drink her tears, And at the least 'twill startle off her cares. 1823Scott Peveril xiv, The shrill neigh with which she startled the female inmates of the parlour. 1828Lytton Pelham xlii, There was a..licentiousness in his opinions, which startled even me (used as I had been to rakes of all schools). 1829W. Irving Granada I. v. 35 The garrison, startled from sleep, found the enemy already masters of the towers. 1856Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) I. ii. 93 On the return of a settled government, they were startled for a moment in their security. 1879McCarthy Own Times xx. II. 76 Such an act as that done by the Pope might have startled them back to their old attitude. 1903A. Whyte Apostle Paul i. 21 It startles and staggers us to hear it.
fig.1632Milton L'Allegro 42 To hear the Lark..singing startle the dull night. 1822Lamb Elia Ser. i. Praise Chimney-sw., Hundreds of grinning teeth startled the night with their brightness. 1849Woolner My Beautiful Lady (1887) 36 Grateful, in her deep silence, one loud thrush Startled the air with song. 1862B. Taylor Poet's Jrnl. (1866) 39 And the drowsy air is startled.
†b. to startle out: to cause sudden shedding of (blood). Obs. (? nonce-use.)
16051st Pt. Jeronimo i. i. 79 Ile wake the Court, or startle out some bloud.
†6. To cause to waver; to shake (a person, his resolution, faith, etc.). Obs.
1643Sir T. Browne Relig. Med. i. §21 I have perused them all, and can discover nothing that may startle a discreet beliefe. 1647Clarendon Hist. Reb. iv. §293 His known affections to the King's service, from which it was not possible to remove or startle him. 1687Lovell tr. Thevenot's Trav. i. 2 He explained the..Old Testament with so much advantage to our Faith..that I dare be bold to say, he startled and shook most of them. a1701Maundrell Journ. Jerus. (1732) 65 It almost startles their Faith. 1710O. Sansom Acc. Life 52 When he saw them [the Neighbours] flock in, he in his Rage (thinking to startle me) asked me before them, Whether [etc.]. 1784P. Wright New Bk. Martyrs 798/2 At Axminster one also was executed,..he had great resolution, and not at all startled with the fear of death.
†7. To rouse, excite. Obs.
1601B. Jonson Poetaster iv. v, What, doe we nod, fellow Gods? sound musicke, and let us startle our spirits with a song.
8. Comb. † startle-brain, something that upsets the brain.
1653Brome Damoiselle i. i, The care of children's such a Startle-braine.
Hence ˈstartlement, the state or condition of being startled, alarm; hence, something that gives rise to this.
1927Chambers's Jrnl. Feb. 92/2 No startlement was in her face by now. 1960‘S. Harvester’ Chinese Hammer i. 10 A strange expression of startlement came into her cool dark eyes. 1975Islander (Victoria, B.C.) 4 May 3/3 Even so he [sc. a mouse] was dreadfully nervous and would leap like a miniature kangaroo at the least startlement. |