| 释义 |
polemarch Anc. Hist.|ˈpɒlɪmɑːk|
Also 7 -mark.
[ad. Gr. πολέµαρχ-ος, f. πόλεµ-ος war + -αρχος ruling, ruler. So F. polémarque.]
The title of an officer in ancient Greece, originally, as the name implies, a military commander-in-chief, but having also civil functions varying according to date and locality.
In Athens, the third archon, originally the titular military commander-in-chief; afterwards a civil magistrate having under his care the children of parents who had lost their lives in the service of their country, and the resident aliens.
[1579–80North Plutarch (1676) 747 Demetrius..made him [Pisis] Polemarchus (to wit, Camp-master). ]1656Blount Glossogr., Polemark, a Lord Marshal of the field, a chief Officer of War. 1734tr. Rollin's Anc. Hist. xii. 157 Polemarchs, that is, generals of the army and supreme magistrates of Thebes. 1807Robinson Archæol. Græca ii. vii. 155. 1822 T. Mitchell Aristoph. II. 274 The polemarch had more particularly the strangers and sojourners of Athens under his care. 1859Rawlinson tr. Herodotus vi. iii. III. 500 [At Marathon] Callimachus the polemarch led the right wing, for it was at that time a rule with the Athenians to give the right wing to the polemarch. 1868Smith's Dict. Gr. & Rom. Antiq. (ed. 7) 301/1 The polemarchs of Sparta appear to have ranked next to the king.
transf.1656J. Harrington Oceana 56 Troops and Companies that were held in perpetuall discipline under the Command of a Magistrate called the Polemarche. |