| 释义 |
▪ I. damn, v.|dæm|
Forms: 3–6 dampne, (4 dempne, damp), 4–7 damne, (5 dame, 5–6 damme, 5–7 dam, 7 damb), 7– damn.
[a. OF. dampne-r, damne-r, ad. L. damnāre, dampnāre, orig. to inflict damage or loss upon, to condemn, doom to punishment; taken early into F. in legal and theological use. Cf. Pr. dampnar, It. damnare.]
†1.
a. trans. To pronounce adverse judgement on, affirm to be guilty; to give judicial sentence against; = condemn 1 (in part), 2. Obs.
a1300Cursor M. 13756 (Cott.), I damp þe not quar-so þou far, But go nu forth and sin na mar. 1382Wyclif John viii. 10 Womman, wher ben thei that accusiden thee? no man dampnede thee. c1385Chaucer L.G.W. Prol. 387 It is no maysterye for a lord To dampne a man with-oute answere. 1440J. Shirley Dethe K. James (1818) 23 This same Erle of Athetelles was endited, arreyned, and dampned. 1483Caxton G. de la Tour N iij, Ye hadde made hym to be dampned and destroyed withoute cause. 1495,1551[see damned 1].
†b. To condemn to a particular penalty or fate; to doom; = condemn 3, 6. Obs.
a1300Cursor M. 20888 (Gött.) Bat ananias and his wijf For suilk he dampned þaim of lijf. c1320R. Brunne Medit. 556 Pylat..dampnede his Lorde to dye on the croys. c1460Towneley Myst. 209 Pylate, do after us, And dam to deth Jesus. 1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 382/2, ii. thousand peple cristen which had been longe there dampned for to hewe the marble. 1557K. Arthur (Copland) viii. ii, So she was dampned by the assent of the barons to be brente. 1559Mirr. Mag., Tresilian xvii, I poore Tresilyan..was dampned to the galowes. 1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. vi. xlviii. 168 Let the Edict be dambd to eternal silence. 1734Pope Ess. Man iv. 284 See Cromwell damned to everlasting fame. 1872Blackmore Maid of Sk. (1881) 69, I will take it as a separate case, and damn the country in the fees.
2.
†a. To adjudge and pronounce (a thing, practice, etc.) to be bad; to adjudge or declare forfeited, unfit for use, invalid, or illegal; to denounce or annul authoritatively; to condemn. Obs. exc. as in b, or as associated with other senses.
c1386Chaucer Wife's Prol. 70 For hadde God comaundid maydenhede, Than had he dampnyd weddyng with the dede. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VIII. 289 Kyng Edward dampned sodeynliche fals money þat was slyliche i-brouȝt up. 1483Rich. III in Ellis Orig. Lett. iii. xlii. I. 105 Damnyng and utterly distroying all the stamps and Irons. 1556Chron. Grey Friars (Camden) 20 And also there [Paul's Cross]..ware many bokes of eryses..damnyd and brent be fore hys face. 1635E. Pagitt Christianogr. iii. (1636) 40 A Councell, in which Image-worshippe was damned. 1676Wycherley Pl. Dealer Prol., And with faint praises one another damn [cf. Pope Prol. Sat. 200]. 1700Welwood Mem. (ed. 3) 231 All the Charters in the Kingdom were damn'd in the space of a Term or two. 1797Godwin Enquirer ii. vii. 266 We should [not] totally damn a man's character for a few faults. 1868G. Duff Pol. Surv. 9 An assembly..gathered together for the express purpose of damning modern civilization.
b. spec. To condemn (a literary work, usually a play) as a failure; to condemn by public expression of disapproval.
1654Whitlock Zootomia 254 We glosse him with Invectives, or damne the whole Book for Erratas. 1696tr. Du Mont's Voy. Levant A vij, The Book must be damn'd for the Clownishness of the Author. 1749Fielding Tom Jones xiii. xi, A new play, at which two large parties met, the one to damn, and the other to applaud. 1791Boswell Johnson an. 1777, A comedy by Mr. Hugh Kelly, which..in the play-house phrase, was damned. 1860J. P. Kennedy W. Wirt I. xx. 309 The ordeal of facing the authorship of a play that has been damned.
†c. Used by Coverdale as a rendering of Heb. heḥ⊇rîm to devote to destruction. Obs.
1535Coverdale Josh. vi. 18 Howbeit this cite, & all that is therin, shalbe damned vnto the Lorde..Onely bewarre of it that is damned, lest ye damne youre selues (yf ye take ought of it which is damned). Ibid. xi. 11 He..smote all the soules that were therin with the edge of the swerde, and damned it..& damned Hasor with fyre.
3. transf. To bring condemnation upon; to prove a curse to, be the ruin of.
1477Earl Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 68 The wikked werkes dampne and distroye the good. 1611Shakes. Cymb. iii. iv. 76 Hence vile Instrument, Thou shalt not damne my hand. 1607― Timon iv. iii. 165. 1691 T. H[ale] New Invent. p. lxxxiii, He would damn all Patents that damned the River. 1728Young Love Fame iii. (1757) 101 Who borrow much..And damn it with improvements of their own. 1848Ld. G. Bentinck in Croker Papers III. xxv. 165 The Budget has damned the Whig Government in the country. 1893Publishers' Circular 3 June 623/1 Chapman's..remarkable preface..if written by a modern author would at once damn his book.
4. Theol.
a. To doom to eternal punishment in the world to come; to condemn to hell.
c1325Metr. Hom. 112 Sain Jon hafd gret pite That slic a child suld dampned be. a1340Hampole Psalter i. 6 Wicked sall noght rise..for to deme, bot for to be demed and dampned. 1483Caxton G. de la Tour E ij, He wold pray god for hym that he myght knowe whether she was dampned or saued. a1533Ld. Berners Huon xlv. 151 Haue pyte of your owne soule, the whiche shal be dampnyd in hell. 1638Chillingw. Relig. Prot. i. ii. §101 You damne all to the fire, and to Hell, that any way differ from you. 1727Swift To Very Young Lady, Some people take more pains to be damned, than it would cost them to be saved. 1870M. Conway Earthw. Pilgr. xxiii. 270 He had rather be damned with Plato than saved with those who anathematised him.
b. transf. To cause or occasion the eternal damnation of.
1340Ayenb. 115 He is manslaȝte and him-zelue damneþ ase zayþ þe wrytinge. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xii. 92 Riȝt so goddes body bretheren but it be worthily taken, Dampneth vs atte daye of dome. c1440York Myst. xlviii. 161 Þe dedis þat vs schall dame be-dene. 1547Bauldwin Mor. Philos. ii. iii, The iustice of God and their owne desertes damne them vnto euerlasting death. 1658Whole Duty Man xvi. §i. 127 Some..make it their only comfort, that their enemies will damn themselves by it. a1703Burkitt On N.T., Luke i. 66 'Tis..the contempt and neglect of the sacrament that damns. 1837J. H. Newman Par. Serm. (ed. 2) III. xv. 235 You have the power to damn yourself.
†c. In passive sense: = be damned. Obs. rare.
1611Beaum. & Fl. Philaster iv. ii, Cle. Sir, shall I lie? King. Yes, lie and damn, rather than tell me that. 1625Massinger New Way ii. i, So he serve My purpose, let him hang or damn, I care not.
5. Used profanely (chiefly in optative, and often with no subject expressed) in imprecations and exclamations, expressing emphatic objurgation or reprehension of a person or thing, or sometimes merely an outburst of irritation or impatience. (Now very often printed ‘d―n’ or ‘d―’, in pa. pple. ‘d―d’.) Also, damn (one's) eyes!, used as an abusive expression.
[1431Joan of Arc in De Barante Ducs de Bourgogne vi. 116 Mais, fussent-ils [les anglais] cent mille Goddem de plus qu'à présent, ils n'auront pas ce royaume. ]1589Pappe w. Hatchet (1844) 16 Hang a spawne? drowne it; alls one, damne it! 1605Shakes. Macb. v. iii. 11 The diuell damne thee blacke, thou cream-fac'd Loone. 1633T. Stafford Pac. Hib. vi. (1821) 292 His owne manifold Letters..(full of God damne him). 1709Steele Tatler No. 13 ⁋1 Call the Chairmen: Damn 'em, I warrant they are at the Ale-house already! 1751Smollett Per. Pic. viii, I'll be d―d if ever I cross the back of a horse again. 1761Sterne Tr. Shandy III. xii. 64 From the great and tremendous oath of William the Conqueror, (By the splendour of God) down to the lowest oath of a scavenger, (Damn your eyes). 1815Scott Guy M. xxxvi, Then take broadswords and be d―d to you. 1836Dickens Let. 20 Sept. (1965) I. 175, I will see them d―d before I make any further alteration. 1849Thackeray Pendennis xxvii, D― it, I love you: I am your old father. 1850H. Melville White Jacket II. xxvi. 170 What man-of-war's-men call a damn-my-eyes-tar, that is, a humbug. And many damn-my-eyes humbugs there are in this man-of-war world of ours. 1859Dickens T. two Cities i. ii, One pull more and you're at the top, and be damned to you. 1906‘Q’ Mayor of Troy xi. 151 D―n your eyes, it's twins—and both girls! 1912Kipling As Easy as A.B.C. 5 It's refreshing to find any one interested enough in our job to damn our eyes. 1922Joyce Ulysses 287, I was just passing the time of day with old Troy..and be damned but a bloody sweep came along and he near drove his gear into my eye. 1943N. Balchin Small Back Room xiv. 200, I shall have to let go of the other wrench. Damn and blast. 1953H. Miller Plexus (1963) v. 175 Those things never happen to me. So you peddled candies in the Café Royal? I'll be damned.
6. To imprecate damnation upon; to curse, swear at (using the word ‘damn’). Also absol.
1624Massinger Parl. Love i. v, If you have travelled Italy, and brought home Some remnants of the language, and can..Protest, and swear, and damn. 1665Dryden Indian Emp. Epil., Their proper business is to damn the Dutch. 1796Stedman Surinam I. vii. 135 Insulted by a row-boat, which damned him, and spoke of the whole crew in the most opprobrious terms. 1848Macaulay Hist. Eng. (1871) II. xiii. 49 The dragoons..cursing and damning him, themselves, and each other, at every second word.
▸ to damn with faint praise and variants: to praise so half-heartedly or disingenuously as to imply condemnation.
1676W. Wycherley Plain-dealer Prol., And with faint praises one another damn. 1723Pope in J. Markland Cythereia xii. 91 Damn with faint Praise, assent with civil Leer, And, without Sneering, teach the rest to Sneer. 1763Apol. for Monthly Rev. 25 If this be not to damn with faint praise, it is surely something worse. 1821E. Quillinan Retort Courteous 23 Critics have oft assail'd my careless verse, Or damn'd it with faint praise, that direst curse. 1885Longman's Mag. Dec. 151 Could I not damn with faint praise and stab with sharp insinuendo? 1930Economica 29 204 It is invidious to damn with faint praise; but useful as the book may very well prove on occasion, one can hardly call it great or first-rate. 1970Jrnl. Eng. & Germanic Philol. 69 72 Contemporary criticism has tended to damn with faint praise by suggesting that Old English poems were largely collections of formulae indicative of oral composition. 2005Morning Star (Nexis) 31 Jan. 2 [He] suggests that employers now have less incentive to oppose unions because their impact on productivity and profits is so modest, which is to damn the unions with faint praise.
▪ II. damn, n.|dæm|
[f. prec. vb.
(The conjecture that, in sense 2, the word is the Hindí dām, dawm, an ancient copper coin, of which 1600 went to a rupee (see Yule), is ingenious, but has no basis in fact.)]
1. The utterance of the word ‘damn’ as a profane imprecation.
1619Fletcher M. Thomas ii. ii, Rack a maids tender ears, with dam's and Devils. 1719De Foe Crusoe (1850) II. 460 ‘What! he no hear you curse, swear, speak de great damn?’ 1775Sheridan Rivals ii. i, Ay, ay, the best terms will grow obsolete. Damns have had their day. 1849Thackeray Pendennis lxvii, How many damns and curses have you given me, along with my wages? 1877Besant & Rice Son of Vulc. i. xii, That [oath] once discharged, he relapsed..into numerous commonplace damns.
2. Used vaguely (in unconventional speech) in phrases not worth a damn, not to care a damn, not to give a damn. (Cf. curse n. 2 ¶ .)
1760Goldsm. Cit. W. xlvi, Not that I care three damns what figure I may cut. 1817Byron Diary Wks. (1846) 423/1 A wrong..system, not worth a damn. 1827Scott Jrnl. (1890) II. 22 Boring some one who did not care a d― about the matter, so to speak. 1849Macaulay Life & Lett. (1883) II. 257 How they settle the matter I care not, as the Duke [of Wellington] says, one twopenny damn. 1895J. L. Williams Princeton Stories 165, I don't give a damn for the girl. 1929Eugenics Rev. July 86/2 See the happy moron, He doesn't give a damn. I wish I were a moron. My God! Perhaps I am! 1939Wodehouse Uncle Fred in Springtime xviii. 263, I don't give a single, solitary damn. 1959J. Cary Captive & Free i. 13 It was obvious, as one angry young woman remarked, that he didn't give a damn—and so they were enraged.
▪ III. damn, a. and adv.|dæm|
Also damn', dam', dam.
Clipped form of damned ppl. a. (See also damfool.) damn all: see all A. 8 f.
1775Narragansett Hist. Reg. (1885) III. 263 A man that..was noted for a damn cuss. 1776Ibid. (1882) I. 304 You damn old Tory Raskel. 1787Mirror 164 Don't beef and butter go off damn soberly? 1882in T. M. Healy Lett. & Leaders (1928) I. 150 T. P. quoted my answer as ‘I'm damn glad’. 1897C. M. Flandrau Harvard Episodes 4 You've gone through the whole damn thing yourself. Ibid. 218 ‘But he isn't bad, really bad.’ ‘No, certainly not; merely a damn fool.’ 1901Merwin & Webster Calumet ‘K’ iv. 62 My only order was, ‘Clear the road—and be damn quick about it’. 1903Kipling Five Nations 199 I've known a lot o' people ride a dam' sight worse than Piet. 1918W. J. Locke Rough Road xviii, It's all dam funny! 1919H. J. Laski Let. 14 Nov. (1953) I. 221, I won't say that this is the best of all possible worlds; but it's damn near it. 1928D. L. Sayers Bellona Club iii, If you understand that..you understand a damn' sight more than I do. 1928E. Wallace Again the Three Just Men 209 It's none of your dam' business. 1929H. Miles tr. Morand's Black Magic iii. 48 A dam' cracker that I don't know ran into me. 1938S. V. Benét Thirteen O'Clock 281 Lisa's got her damn-fool side. 1941N. Coward Australia Visited i. 6 We were in it once and for all and intended to damn well get on with it. 1945C. S. Lewis That Hideous Strength ix. 228 You're in a dam dangerous position already. 1959‘O. Mills’ Stairway to Murder xiii. 138 It was a damnfool thing to do, and I realise it now. 1966C. Mackenzie Paper Lives viii. 116 These dam new towns with which the Accommodation people are infesting the countryside. 1970N. Marsh When in Rome 89, I call it a damn poor show. Leaving us high and dry. 1970D. Stuart Very Sheltered Life 248 You one of those damn' Yankee reporters?
▪ IV. damn(e
obs. (erron.) form of dam. |