| 释义 |
▪ I. damask, n. and a.|ˈdæməsk|
Forms: 4–7 damaske, -asc, 4– damask; also 5 dameske, 5–6 dammask(e, 7 damasque, -ast; Sc. 5–6 dammas, -es, -ys, 6 domas, 7 damas, -es.
[Prob. originally a. AngloFr. *Damasc = It. Damasco, L. Damascus proper name of the city; Littré and Hatzfeld have an OF. Damas of 14th c., whence the Sc. forms above. The French text of Mandeville (Roxb. Club) ch. xiv. has Damasce.]
I.
†1. The city of Damascus. Obs.
c1250Gen. & Ex. 761 At damaske is ðe ðridde stede, Quer abram is bigging dede. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xv. 486 So many prelates..Of Nazareth, of Nynyue, of Neptalim, and damaske. c1485Digby Myst. (1882) ii. 32 Thorow all dammask and liba. 1539Inventories 49 (Jam.) Tapestryis.—Item, vi pece of the cietie of Dammys.
2. attrib. = Made at or brought from Damascus, as damask blade, damask sword, etc. (see 7 below); damask cloth, damask silk (see 3 and 6 below); also the following:
† damask plum, prune = damson. Obs.
1543Traheron Vigo's Chirurg. 268 b/1 (Stanford) Take of reysons..of damaske prunes. 1616Surfl. & Markh. Country Farme 393 Damaske Plums..are of three sorts, the black, red, and violet colour. 1664Evelyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 210 Plums..Damasc, Denny Damasc.
† damask powder, ? a toilet-powder scented with damask roses. Obs.
c1540[cf. Damask rose below]. 1634Althorp MS. in Simpkinson Washingtons lxviii, For 4 li of damaske powder for Gooddy Webb. 1637Heywood Royall King iv. Wks. 1874 VI. 70 Now farewell Gun-powder, I must change thee into Damask-powder.
damask rose, a species or variety of rose, supposed to have been originally brought from Damascus.
Apparently, originally the Rosa gallica var. damascena, a tall shrub with semi-double pink or light-red (rarely white) flowers, cultivated in the East for attar of roses; but this underwent many changes under cultivation in the West, and the name has been very variously applied by English authors. According to Miller (1768) the monthly rose, striped monthly, and York-and-Lancaster, were supposed to be varieties of the Damask rose. According to Flückiger and Hanbury, Pharmacographia, the name is now applied at Mitcham to a variety of R. gallica with very deep-coloured flowers.
c1540Recipe in Vicary's Anat. (1886) App. 224 Putt therto half an vnce of fyne pouldre of redde dammaske rosys. 1578Lyte Dodoens vi. i. 655 We cal them in English, Roses of Prouince, and Damaske Roses. Ibid. 654 The flowers..be neither redde nor white, but of a mixt colour betwixt red and white, almost carnation colour. 1582Hakluyt Memoranda in Voy. II. i. 165 The Damaske rose [brought in] by Doctour Linaker, King Henry the seuenth and King Henry the eights Physician. 1646J. Hall Poems 45 Damast-roses yet unblown. 1744C. Thompson's Trav. III. 13 Rose-Water made of the Damask Roses which grow here plentifully. 1869Hole Bk. about Roses xi, The Damask [rose] with its few rich velvety-crimson petals, is a memory, and that is all.
damask violet = dame's-violet. (In Ger. Damastblume.)
1578Lyte tr. Dodoens 153 In English Damaske violets, Dames violets or Gillofers. 1597Gerarde Herball ii. cxvi. 377 Dames Violets is called..in English Damaske Violets [etc.]. 1861Pratt Flower. Plants I. 154.
† damask water, rose-water distilled from Damask roses. Obs.
[1306N. de Tingewick in Archæol. Jrnl. XIV. 271 Item pro aqua rosata de Damasco.] 1519Four Elements in Hazl. Dodsley I. 44 With damask water made so well, That all the house thereof shall smell, As it were paradise. 1555Eden Decades 224 The Capitayne sprinkeled the Kynges with damaske water. 1611Cotgr. s.v. Damas, Eau de Damas, Damaske, or sweet, water (distilled from all sorts of odoriferous hearbs).
II. As a name of substances originally produced at Damascus.
3. A rich silk fabric woven with elaborate designs and figures, often of a variety of colours.
Also applied to figured materials of silk and wool, silk and cotton, or worsted or cotton only, used for furniture-covering, curtains, etc. ‘True damasks are wholly of silk, but the term is now applied to any fabric of wool, linen, or cotton, woven in the manner of the first damasks’ (Beck, Draper's Dict.).
c1430Lydg. Storie of Thebes iii. vi, Clothes of veluet, Damaske and of golde. 1473Paston Lett. No. 725 III. 91 A newe vestment off whyght damaske ffor a dekyne. 1532–3Act. 24 Hen. VIII, c. 13 No man, vnder the saide estates..shall..weare any saten, damaske, silke, chamblet, or taffata. 1577tr. Bullinger's Decades ii. x. 239 A linnen or wollen garment doeth as well couer and become the bodie, as damaskes and veluets. 1689Lond. Gaz. No. 2425/4, 3 Pieces of Crimson Missena Damasks, of a large Flower, commonly used for Beds, and Hangings of Rooms. c1710C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 290 All ye bed and hangings are of fine damaske made of worsted. 1725De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 21 A quantity of China damasks, and other wrought silks. 1842J. Bischoff Woollen Manuf. II. 415 The draw-loom..is now used to a very considerable extent in weaving carpets and figured damasks.
b. A twilled linen fabric richly figured in the weaving with designs which show up by opposite reflexions of light from the surface; used chiefly for table-linen.
1542in Rogers Agric. & Prices III. 487/3 Damask diaper 1 yd...2/2. 1624Will in Ripon Ch. Acts 364 One suite of damaske..for his table. 1696J. F. Merchants' Ware-ho. 13 Damask..is a very fine sort of..Linnen, and is wrought into several sorts of fine Imagery, and Figures..it is for few uses except for Table-Linnen. 1759Goldsm. Bee No. 3 He looked at the tablecloth, and praised the figure of the damask. 1877Mrs. Forrester Mignon I. 23 The table is laid..damask, plate, glass, is perfect.
4. a. Steel manufactured at Damascus; also steel or a combination of iron and steel exhibiting a similar variegated surface: more fully damask steel. b. The wavy pattern on the surface of Damascus steel, or of iron and steel welded together and corroded with weak acid.
1603Knolles Hist. Turks (1621) 1297 Two knives of damaske, with hafts of jasper. 1844Mech. Mag. XL. 342 All steel which exhibits a surface figured with dark lines, is called damask. 1874Knight Dict. Mech. Damask-steel, a laminated metal of pure iron and steel, of peculiar quality, produced by careful heating, laborious forging, doubling, and twisting. 1881Blackw. Mag. May 567 The curious product called damask-steel possesses both edge and elasticity, and all the great Eastern swords owe to it their celebrity. Ibid. 568 He made some swords which would bend till the point touched the hilt, and which would also cut through an iron bar..the same two faculties have never been conjoined in any other steel than damask.
1818Faraday Exp. Res. xvi. (1820) 59 The damask itself is merely an exhibition of crystallisation. 1844Mech. Mag. XL. 342 Common steel acquires no visible damask by gradual refrigeration.
5. The colour of the damask rose: esp. as seen in the face of a woman.
1600Shakes. A.Y.L. iii. v. 123 There was a pretty rednesse in his lip..'twas iust the difference Betwixt the constant red and mingled Damaske. 1607― Cor. ii. i. 232 The Warre of White and Damaske in Their nicely gawded Cheekes. 1600Fairfax Tasso ii. xxvi, Her damaske late, now chang'd to purest white. 1820Keats Lamia i. 116 She..Blush'd a live damask.
III. attrib. and adj. from senses under II. But early examples of damask cloth, blade, etc., mean literally ‘of Damascus’, and so belong to 2 above.
6. Made of damask (silk or cloth); furnished with damask.
c1489Caxton Blanchardyn xix. (1890) 61 A fayre whyte coueryng of damaske clothe. 1609B. Jonson Sil. Woman iii. i, A Damask table cloth, cost me eighteen pound. 1682Vestry Bks. (Surtees) 340 One fair damask linen cloth and a damask napkin. 1755Mrs. Delany Let. to Mrs. Dewes 17 Nov., Lady Anson began the last ball in a green damask sack. 1814Hist. Univ. Oxford II. 261 The dress of the Chancellor is of black damask silk. 1842Tennyson Audley Court 20 A damask napkin wrought with horse and hound.
7. Made of Damascus steel; having the fine temper and watered surface of Damascus steel.
c1611Chapman Iliad x. 63 By him his damask curets [ἔντεα ποικίλα] hung. 1632J. Hayward tr. Biondi's Eromena 78 The fine edge of his damaske blade. 1820Faraday Exp. Res. xvi. (1859) 59 The wootz..retains..a damask surface when forged, polished, and acted upon by dilute acid.
8. Of the colour of the damask rose; blush-coloured.
1588Shakes. L.L.L. v. ii. 296 Faire Ladies..Dismaskt, their damaske sweet commixture showne. 1601― Twel. N. ii. iv. 115 She neuer told her loue, But let concealment like a worme i' th' budde Feede on her damaske cheeke. 1842Tennyson Day-Dream Prol., While, dreaming on your damask cheek, The dewy sister-eyelids lay. 1861Mrs. H. Wood East Lynne xvi, Her pretty cheeks were damask with her mind's excitement.
†9. = damasked 3 (? a misprint).
1648Herrick Hesper., Country Life 42 (MS. version, ed. Hazl. p. 457) The damaske [v.r. damaskt] meddowes, and the crawling streames.
IV.
10. Comb., as damask-coated, damask-coloured, damask-gowned ppl. adjs.; damask-wise adv.; † damask branch, a figured pattern like that of damask or damask-work; so † damask-branched ppl. a.; damask carpet (see quot.); damask loom, a loom for weaving figured fabrics; damask steel (see 4); damask-stitch (see quot.); damask-work, the veining on Damascus-blades; incised ornamentation inlaid with gold or silver.
1634Peacham Gentl. Exerc. i. xiv. 46 Diapering..(in *Damaske branches, and such like)..it chiefly serveth to counterfeit cloath of Gold, Silver, *Damaskbrancht, Velvet, Chamlet, &c., with what branch, and in what fashion you list.
1874Knight Dict. Mech., *Damask-carpet..a variety of carpet resembling the Kidderminster in the mode of weaving, but exposing the warp instead of the weft.
1606Dekker Sev. Sins iii. (Arb.) 25 The *damask-coated Cittizen.
a1631Drayton Noah's Flood, The *damask-colour'd dove..His sundry colour'd feathers.
1861W. F. Collier Hist. Eng. Lit. 135 A magnificent array of satin and *damask-gowned priests.
1846McCulloch Acc. Brit. Empire (1854) I. 708 The *damask loom is capable of producing any figure, however complicated.
1882Caulfeild & Saward Dict. Needlework, *Damask Stitch. A name given to Satin Stitch when worked upon a linen foundation.
1580Hollyband Treas. French Tong, Tailler quelque chose à la Damasquine, to cut some thing *damaske wise. 1611Cotgr., Damasquiner..to flourish, carue, or ingraue Damaske-wise.
1598Florio, Damaschino, *damaske worke vpon blades. 1830Tennyson Recoll. Arab. Nts. iii, All..The sloping of the moon-lit sward Was damask-work, and deep inlay Of braided blooms unmown.
▪ II. damask, v.|ˈdæməsk|
[f. prec. n. By Milton and Phineas Fletcher stressed daˈmask.]
1. trans. To weave with richly-figured designs.
[1599, etc. see damasked 1.] 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), Damask or Damasquine..to imprint the Figures of Flowers on Silk, or Stuff. 1755Johnson, Damask, 1. to form flowers upon stuffs.
2. = damascene v.
1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. Turkie B. ii. xxi. 584 b, A fair basen of Copper damasked. 1653H. Cogan tr. Pinto's Voy. 159 Armed with..Partisans damasked with gold and silver. 1673Ray Journ. Low C. (1738) II. 354 They damask their cymeters with a blewish colour. 1877W. Jones Finger-ring L. 247 The wooden sides were plated with gold, and damasked with gold wire.
3. transf. and fig. To ornament with or as with a variegated pattern or design; to diaper.
1610G. Fletcher Christ's Vict., There pinks eblazed wide And damaskt all the earth. 1633P. Fletcher Purple Isl. xii. i, Where various flowers damask the fragrant seat. 1667Milton P.L. iv. 334 As they sat recline On the soft downie Bank damaskt with flours. 1744Shenstone Song, ‘O'er desert Plains’ 5 Tho' my path were damask'd o'er With beauties e'er so fine. 1872O. W. Holmes Poet Breakf. T. i. (1891) 34 Fair pictures damasked on a vapor's fold.
4. To make red or blush-coloured like a damask-rose.
1863A. Marsh Heathside Farm I. 58 Cathie's peach-like cheek was damasked by heat and laughter.
5. To deface or destroy, by stamping or marking with lines and figures.
1673in Stationers' Rec. (1883), Order of Bishop of London to damask ‘The Leviathan’. 1678Ibid., Order of Bishop of London to damask Seditious books seized at Frances Smith's, and to burn in the Company's garden adjoining their Hall the Books not fitt for damasking. 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), Damask or Damasquine, to stamp rude Draughts on waste Paper, etc. 1709Act. 8 Ann c. 21 Such offender or offenders shall forfeit such Book or Books..to the proprietor or proprietors of the Copy thereof, who shall forthwith damask and make wast Paper of them. 1845Campbell Chancellors (1856) I. 23 The ceremony of breaking or ‘damasking’ of the old Great Seal consists in the Sovereign giving it a gentle blow with a hammer, after which it is supposed to be broken, and has lost all its virtue.
†6. To warm (wine): see quot. 1706. slang.
1699B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Damask the Claret, Put a roasted Orange slasht smoking hot in it. 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), To Damask Wine, is to warm it a little, in order to take off the edge of the Cold and make it mantle. 1778Cumberland in Goldsmith's Wks. (1881) I. 101 Wilt have it steep'd in Alpine snows, Or damask'd at Silenus' nose? |