| 释义 |
cyclone|ˈsaɪkləʊn|
[f. Gr. κύκλος circle (or κυκλῶν moving in a circle, whirling round): see quot. 1848.
Piddington's account of his formation of the word is vague; the sense he assigns suggests that the Gr. word he meant was κύκλωµα, which means inter alia ‘the coil of a serpent’; hence cyclome occurs as an early variant.]
1. a. gen. A name introduced in 1848 by H. Piddington, as a general term for all storms or atmospheric disturbances in which the wind has a circular or whirling course.
1848H. Piddington Sailor's Horn-bk. 8 Winds. Class II. (Hurricane Storms..Whirlwinds..African Tornado..Water Spouts..Samiel, Simoom), I suggest..that we might, for all this last class of circular or highly curved winds, adopt the term ‘Cyclone’ from the Greek κυκλως (which signifies amongst other things the coil of a snake) as..expressing sufficiently the tendency to circular motion in these meteors. Ibid. 176 Throughout the preceding parts the word Cyclone has been, as proposed..added after the words in common use to express circular-blowing winds. In this part I propose to use it alone.
b. spec. A hurricane or tornado of limited diameter and destructive violence.
1856Kane Arct. Expl. II. xxii. 220 One of the most fearful gales I have ever experienced. It had the character and the force of a cyclome. 1857S. P. Hall in Merc. Marine Mag. (1858) V. 10 This season has been..prolific in typhoons or cyclones. 1893Daily News 27 May 6/8 A severe cyclone has been raging for the last three days at the head of the Bay of Bengal.
c. Meteorol. A system of winds rotating around a centre of minimum barometric pressure, the centre and whole system having itself also a motion of translation, which is sometimes arrested, when the cyclone becomes for a time stationary. Cf. anticyclone. (Such a system often extends over many thousands of square miles.)
As to the differences between this and b, see A. Buchan in Encycl. Brit. XVI. 129.
1875A. Buchan in Encycl. Brit. III. 33 Areas of low pressure or Cyclones..A cyclone which passed over north-western Europe on the morning of 2d November, 1863. 1881R. H. Scott in Gd. Words July 454 Barometrical depressions or cyclones. 1887Daily News 13 Oct. 5/1 There was..a twofold reason for northerly winds—the anticyclone off the west of Ireland and the cyclone over the flats of Holland.
d. transf. Applied to a violent rotatory storm in the sun's atmosphere.
1868Lockyer Heavens (ed. 3) 53 Immense cyclones pass over the surface of the Sun with fearful rapidity, as is rendered evident by the form and changes of certain spots.
e. Used (freq. attrib.) of a machine in which a flow of gas or liquid is used to remove or separate solids, usu. by centrifugal force.
1898Daily News 8 Feb. 3/5 The ‘cyclone’—a great grey tube with ramifications to all the machines that saw or chip wood... A forced draught carries the chips through the..tube to the boiler house. 1930Engineering 22 Aug. 221/3 The cyclone filter consisted of a cylindrical vessel fitted with tangential air inlets near the top..and a conical bottom for the reception and discharge of the deposited dust. 1962Gloss. Coal Preparation (B.S.I.) 17 Cyclone classifier, a device for classification by centrifugal means of fine particles suspended in water. 1967Gloss. Materials Handling (B.S.I.) iii. 6 Cyclone, a device imparting a rotary motion to the fluid stream thereby causing the entrained particles to be separated by centrifugal force and gravity.
2. Comb. cyclone cellar U.S., a cellar intended to give shelter during a cyclone; also fig. cyclone-pit, ‘on the prairies and plains of the western United States, a pit or underground room made for refuge from a tornado or cyclone’ (Cent. Dict.).
1887E. Custer Tenting on Plains (1889) 652 Those women who take refuge..in their cyclone-cellar. 1904G. H. Lorimer Old Gorgon Graham 125 This was one of those holy moments..when an outsider wants to pull his tongue back into its cyclone cellar. 1929Monthly Weather Rev. (U.S. Weather Bur.) LVII. 338/1 People had seen the tornado approaching and had taken to storm caves—the well known ‘cyclone cellars’ of the West—and basements, where they were safe. 1946Reader's Digest Mar. 135/1 In the winter it was snug and cozy, and in summer-time as cool and nice as our cyclone cellar. |