| 释义 |
▪ I. sputter, n.|ˈspʌtə(r)|
[f. sputter v.]
1. a. Noisy or violent and confused speech or discourse; angry, excited, or fussy argument or protest; fuss, clamour; = splutter n. 1 b.
1673Wycherley Gentl. Dancing Master v. i, All the sputter I made was but to make this young man..believe..that it was not with my connivance or consent. 1676Marvell Mr. Smirke 40 But he must make some sputter rather then be held to the terms of the Question. 1706E. Baynard Cold Baths ii. 275 Z[oun]ds it will kill you (quoth he in Sputter and Passion). 1721Steele Conscious Lovers iv. iii, What a deal of pother and sputter here is between my mistress and Mr. Myrtle from mere punctilio. 1760–72H. Brooke Fool of Qual. (1809) III. 35 Weak or vapid tempers..boil over in..factious sputter and turbulence. 1812D'Israeli Calam. Auth. (1867) 91 He has..chronicled his suppressed feelings..with all the flame and sputter of his strong prejudices. 1884Chr. Commonw. 23 Oct. 20/3 What is there left when the chaff of sputter and jangle of platitude and puerility has been sifted away?
b. An instance or occasion of this. rare.
1692Wagstaffe Vind. Carolinæ vi. 64 [He] makes such a Sputter about the old Law. 1721Wodrow Ch. Hist. (1828) I. 340/1 [They] made a terrible sputter against private meetings and societies for prayer.
c. A state of bustling confusion or excitement.
1823in Spirit Publ. Jrnls. 150 He will live in a sputter, And die in a gutter. a1898in Eng. Dial. Dict. s.v., In a sputter, in a fuss.
2. Matter ejected in or by sputtering. rare.
1748Richardson Clarissa (1768) V. xxxi. 290 She pouted out her blubber-lips, as if to bellows up wind and sputter into her horse-nostrils. 1818Todd, Sputter, moisture thrown out in small drops.
3. a. The action or an act of sputtering; the emission of small particles with some amount of explosive sound; the sound characteristic of or accompanying this. Freq. fig. or in fig. context.
1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. i. iii. v, It is a quite new kind of contest this with the Parlement: no transitory sputter, as from collision of hard bodies. 1845Alb. Smith Fort. Scattergood Fam. xxx. (1887) 97 Nothing breaking the silence but the occasional sputter of the rushlight. 1894Rev. of Reviews Apr. 403/1 The peaceful partition of Africa..is evidently going to be carried out amid a constant sputter of little wars.
b. A spattering or sprinkling.
1887Ruskin Præterita II. 150 But, outside the ramparts, no more poor. A sputter, perhaps,..along the Savoy road.
4. Special Comb.: sputter ion pump Physics [perh. f. the vb.], a pump in which the gas is absorbed by a getter that is deposited by sputtering it from a cathode.
1962Sci. Amer Mar. 82/1 (caption) Sputter ion pump works by ionizing gas molecules and removing them from the chamber..to be evacuated. 1980J. F. O'Hanlon User's Guide Vacuum Technol. ix. 221 The sputter ion pump has the advantage of freedom from hydrocarbon contamination and ease of fault protecting but does suffer from the reemission of previously pumped gases.
▪ II. sputter, v.|ˈspʌtə(r)|
[= Du. sputteren, WFris. sputterje, NFris. sputteri, spūtere, of imitative origin.]
1. a. trans. To spit out in small particles and with a characteristic explosive sound or a series of such sounds. Also in fig. context.
1598,1602[see sputtering ppl. a. 1]. 1697Dryden æneid ii. 279 Two serpents..lick'd their hissing jaws, that sputter'd flame. 1720Pope Iliad xxiii. 921 Thus sourly wail'd he, sputt'ring dirt and gore. 1791Cowper Iliad xxiii. 972 He grasp'd his horn, and sputt'ring as he stood The ordure forth, the Argives thus bespake. 1835T. Mitchell Aristoph. Acharn. 1041 note, A habit which he had of sputtering his saliva on bystanders.
b. transf. To scatter, throw up or about, in small particles.
1845S. Judd Margaret i. xvii, One [sled] went giddying round and round, fraying and sputtering the snow, and dashed against a tree.
2. a. To utter hastily and with the emission of small particles of saliva; to ejaculate in a confused, indistinct, or uncontrolled manner, esp. from anger or excitement. Cf. splutter v. 1.
a1677Barrow Serm. Wks. 1716 I. 170 Nor out of..inadvertency should we sputter our reproachful speech. 1681H. Nevile Plato Rediv. 260, I have known some men so full of their own Notions, that they went up and down sputtering them in every Mans Face. 1753Foote Englishm. in Paris i, Our pretty gentlemen..sputter nothing but bad French in the side-boxes at home. 1817Byron Beppo xliv, Like our harsh northern whistling, grunting guttural, Which we're obliged to hiss, and spit, and sputter all. 1841Browning Pippa Passes Poems (1905) 169 So Luca..lives to sputter His fulsome dotage on you. 1891S. C. Scrivener Our Fields & Cities 172 Don't be a fool when you are talking to the managing clerk.., and go sputtering any of this rot to him.
b. With out.
1730Swift Vindic. Ld. Carteret Wks. 1841 II. 113/2 Without the least pretended incitement [to] sputter out the basest and falsest accusations. 1783F. Burney Early Diary (1889) II. 310 This speech he sputtered out just as if his mouth had been full of beef and pudding. 1877Smith & Wace's Dict. Chr. Biog. I. 469 Another desperate attempt to sputter out the guttural, Phthasuarsas, is found in Theophanes.
3. intr. Of persons: To eject from the mouth, to spit out, food or saliva in small particles with some force and in a noisy explosive manner.
1681H. More Expos. Dan. 285 The Welch-man..bit the Rine of the Orange into his mouth together with the Pulp, which made him sputter and make hard faces. 1683Tryon Way to Health 305 They feed them till they sputter out of their Mouthes, and also cast it up. 1719De Foe Crusoe i. (Globe) 216 Putting a little [salt] into his own Mouth, he seem'd to nauseate it, and would spit and sputter at it. 1792F. Burney Diary V. vii. 319 Putting her face close to mine, and sputtering at every word from excessive eagerness. 1845Whitehead R. Savage 350 As a child sputters and wawls when physic is forced upon it. 1878P. Bayne Pur. Rev. ii. 28 His tongue was too large for his mouth; he stuttered and sputtered.
4. To speak or talk hastily and confusedly or disjointedly.
Freq. with implication of prec. sense.
1681T. Flatman Heraclitus Ridens No. 48 (1713) II. 53 He storms and sputters like—like any think. 1696W. Mountagu Holland 4 The Servants..sputter'd in Dutch, which they understood not. 1730Swift Traulus i. 9 Why must he sputter, spawl, and slaver it In vain against the People's Fav'rite? Ibid. 63 Though he sputter through a session, It never makes the least impression. 1831E. J. Trelawny Adv. Younger Son II. 160 Sputtering about the ignorance of womankind. 1852H. Rogers Eclipse of Faith 167 They began to sputter at one another, on the supposition that each was mocking his neighbour. 1871Tennyson Last Tourn. 65 Then, sputtering thro' the hedge of splinter'd teeth,..said the maim'd churl.
transf.1828Scott F.M. Perth vii, The sea-gull, which flutters, screams, and sputters most at the commencement of a gale of wind.
5. a. To make or give out a sputtering sound or sounds, esp. under the influence of heat; with adv., to move away, come in, etc., with a sputtering sound; also fig.
1692Dryden Cleomenes i. i, Like the Green Wood That sputtring in the Flame works outward into Tears. 1706E. Ward Wooden World Diss. (1708) 79 Vex him then, and he shall swell and sputter like a roasted apple. 1866Whittier Snow-bound 172 The mug of cider simmered slow, The apples sputtered in a row. 1936L. C. Douglas White Banners ix. 200 The taxi sputtered away. 1977N. Sahgal Situation in New Delhi xii. 123 Thank God no one was around as they sputtered in.
fig.1879McCarthy Own Times xviii. II. 16 Chartism bubbled and sputtered a little yet in some of the provincial towns. 1977Time 11 Apr. 36/3 Terrorism sputters on, but Argentines have learned to cope with it, even ignore it.
b. Of a candle, fire, etc. Also with out, to sputter and die out (in quots., fig.). (Cf. the ppl. a. 2.)
1845Alb. Smith Fort. Scattergood Fam. xxxii. (1887) 109 The candle..was sputtering with the rain-drops. 1850Dickens Dav. Copp. xx, The newly-kindled fire crackled and sputtered. 1889D. C. Murray Dangerous Catspaw 20 A gas jet, which shrieked and sputtered as he applied the match. 1964D. Macarthur Reminiscences vi. 162, I was certain that..his advance would sputter out as it ran ahead of its supply line. 1974H. L. Foster Ribbin' v. 228 In most cases, if teachers would not interfere, these incidents would sputter out.
6. Physics.
a. To remove atoms of (a metal) from a cathode by bombarding it with fast positive ions; to deposit (metal removed in this way) on another surface.
1910Phil. Mag. XX. 337 A relatively thick film was sputtered on a 1 mm. quartz plate. 1924Science 31 Oct. 392/2 The cathode drop sputters tungsten from the cathode in an amount..between 10—6 and 10—7 grams. 1949S. Frankel in J. F. Blackburn Components Handbk. v. 182 A gold plating is sputtered on and is baked for at least one hour at 500°C. 1961Proc. IRE XLIX. 1148/2 The gas is found in the metal which has been sputtered from the cathode. 1965Wireless World Aug. 409/1 The positive plasma ions..impinge with sufficient energy to sputter atoms onto an adjacent substrate. 1974Sci. Amer. Apr. 35/1 The film can be sputtered onto the substrate in a vacuum chamber.
b. To cover (a surface) with metal by sputtering.
1910Phil. Mag. XX. 331 Two plates were sputtered simultaneously so as to insure the same thickness for both films. 1962Sci. Amer. Mar. 86/3 The steady hail of ions ‘sputters’ the surface. 1971Physics Bull. Sept. 554/2 Pure silica glass surfaces have been sputtered by 20 keV argon ions at 0° incidence to the general plane. |