| 释义 |
ˈcut-back, cutback, n.
[f. cut v. 53.]
1. Hort. A plant which has been pruned by cutting off shoots close back to the main stem.
1897Garden 21 Aug. 141 The ‘cutbacks’ [sc. young vines] planted in March. 192019th Cent. July 173 Too often they [sc. roseries] consist of little more than serried rows of ‘cutbacks’. 1966Gloss. Landscape Work (B.S.I.) iv. 19 Cut back, a tree or shrub which has been cut back to induce strong growth and subsequently grown on for one or more years.
2. Cinemat. A scene which is a return to a previous action.
1913E. W. Sargent Technique Photoplay (ed. 2) 90 Originally the cut-back was used to close up a gap in the action, to obviate the actual showing of a crime [etc.]. 1916Ibid. (ed. 3) 360 Cut-back, one or more returns to a previous action, either to avoid the showing of prohibited action, to raise the effect through contrast or to quicken the action. 1927Sunday Times 27 Feb. 6/4 In the last ten minutes a ‘cut-back’ occurs, and the quarrel and killing are reconstructed. Ibid. 15 May 10/5 The discovery of the ‘close-up’ and the ‘cut-back’ has always been accredited to Griffith.
3. A conglomerate product, as bitumen that has been thinned by the addition of lighter oils.
1936Jrnl. R. Aeronaut. Soc XL. 547 A layer of sound deadening cement (a conglomerate of asphaltum, lead oxide, cork and rubber, called ‘cut back’ by the automobile trade). 1940Chambers's Techn. Dict. 218/1 Cut backs, blends of asphaltic bitumen with various solvents, for use at comparatively low temperatures for road surfacing.
4. A reduction in expenditure, production, etc. orig. U.S.
1943Iron Age 6 May 152 More than 90 per cent of prime contractors holding Army ordnance contracts are now operating..below capacity because of recent cut-backs in ordnance contracts. 1952Manch. Guardian Weekly 10 Jan. 3 How to get more raw materials to Britain without causing such cutbacks in American civilian production. 1957Economist 28 Sept. 1009/1 The swingeing cutbacks recently inflicted on China's economic plan. 1965New Statesman 30 Apr. 673/2 Even if the 20 per cent cutback some have forecast did actually take place in their sector, this would probably mean a loss of not much more than 15,000 houses.
5. Surfing. The turning of the surf-board back towards the wave. Cf. cut v. 53 e.
1965J. Pollard Surfrider ii. 19 Swing back into the wave while riding it and you do a ‘cut-back’. 1970Surf I. x. 9/2 Will also ease up tail pressure in turns and cutbacks. |