| 释义 |
sparling Now chiefly north. and Sc.|ˈspɑːlɪŋ|
Forms: α. 4–6 sperlyng(e, -linge, 4–6, 8–9 sperling. β. 5–6 sparlynge, 6 -lyng, 6– sparling, 7 sparlin.
[ad. OF. esperlinge (later esperlan, mod.F. éperlan), of Teutonic origin, = MDu. and MLG. spirlinc, LG. and G. spierling (also G. and Du. spiering). Cf. spirling and spurling.]
1. The common European smelt, Osmerus eperlanus. (Used either as a generic or collective name, or of single fish.)
α1307–8Durh. Acc. Rolls (Surtees) 3 In..ccc sperlinges. c1325Metr. Hom. 136 Riht als sturioun etes merling, And lobbekeling etes sperling. a1377Abingdon Rolls (Camden) 38 In sperlyng xiijs, xjd. c1420Liber Cocorum (1862) 54 Smalle fysshe þou take Þer with, als trouȝte, sperlynges and menwus withal. 1489Churchw. Acc. Walberswick, Suffolk (Nicholls, 1797) 183 The sed 2 men to gef a rekenynge of the heryngs and sperlinges. 1500Maldon (Essex) Crt. Rolls Bundle 59, No. 2 b, Per iii barell. heryng, iii cad. heryng, et ii meyse sperling. a1536Songs, Carols, etc. (E.E.T.S.) 114 Whan..sperlyngis rone with speris in harnes to defence. 1587Shuttleworths' Acc. (Chetham Soc.) 43 A querter of a freshe samonde and foure salte ielles iijs; sperlinges iijd. 1596–7Ibid. 108 Sperlynges. 1754T. Gardner Hist. Dunwich 145 Fishing-Boats for full and shotten Herrings, Sperlings, or Sprats. a1869C. Spence From Braes of Carse (1898) 52 Ye catch a sperling, and I catch a fluke.
β14..Lat.-Eng. Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 609 Sardallus, a sparlynge. c1460J. Russell Bk. Nurture 833 in Babees Book (1868) 163 Salt fysche, salt Congur, samoun, with sparlynge. 1517Sel. Cases Star Chamb. (Selden) II. 120 Thomas..came with..ix⊇ last of heryng..and iiij last of Sparlyng. 1591Sylvester Du Bartas i. v. 330 The gilden Sparlings, when cold Winter's blast Begins to threat, them⁓selves together cast. 1651in W. M. Myddelton Chirk Castle Acc. (1908) 34 For sparlings & other fish at Chester. 1653W. Lauson Comm. Dennys' Secrets Angling ii. No. 17 n., [The gudgeon] is a dainty fish, like, or neere as good as the Sparlin. 1782Encycl. Brit. (ed. 2) IX. 6934 Smelts are often sold in the streets of London split and dried. They are called dried sparlings. 1793Statist. Acc. Scotl. VII. 54 The smelt or sparling, a very rare fish, is also found in the Cree. 1804Galloway Poems 73 While Forth yields her sa'mon and sparling. 1886Field 23 Jan. 105/3 The fine net..was used for sparling, eels, &c.
†b. fig. As a term of endearment. Obs.—1
1570Wit & Science (1848) 38, I wylbe bolde wyth my nowne darlyng, Cum now, a bas, my nowne proper sparlyng.
2. Applied to other small fish:
†a. The sprat, Clupea sprattus. Obs.
1740R. Brookes Art of Angling ii. xxxvii. 153 Of the Sprat or Sparling. A Sprat is so like a Herring in every Particular, that [etc.].
b. U.S. A young or immature herring.
1884Goode Nat. Hist. Aquat. Anim. 550 Certain local names for the Herring which..designate certain conditions and ages. To this class belongs the name ‘Sperling’, employed by our own fishermen of Cape Ann to denote the young herrings. 1888Earll in Goode Amer. Fishes 342 The pasture school remained within a few miles of a large school of sperling without being drawn after them.
3. attrib. and Comb., as sparling-boat, sparling fishing, etc.; † sparling-fisher, -fowl, the (female) goosander, Mergus merganser.
1678Ray Willughby's Ornith. 333 The Dun-Diver or Sparlin-fowl: Merganser fœmina. 1700C. Leigh Nat. Hist. Lancs., etc. i. 161 The Sparling-Fisher..is about the Bigness of a Duck, and by a wonderful Activity in Diving catches its Prey. 1710Sibbald Hist. Fife ii. 49 The Female of it [sc. goosander] is by some thought to be the Mergus Cinereus, the Sparling-Fowl. 1754T. Gardner Hist. Dunwich 20 Each Sperling-Boat, five shillings on presenting Days. 1902Stirling Nat. Hist. & Arch. Soc. Jrnl. 29 The sparling is one of the fishes of the Forth, and sparling fishing is still prosecuted in the river. |