| 释义 |
sophisticated, ppl. a.|səˈfɪstɪkeɪtɪd|
[f. sophisticate v.]
1. Mixed with some foreign substance; adulterated; not pure or genuine.
1607Dekker Wh. Babylon Wks. 1873 II. 256 The drinke..they sweare Is wine sophisticated, that does runne Low on the lees of error. 1651French Distill. Pref. *4 b, They..have brought a great Odium upon it by carrying about and vending..their sophisticated oils, and salts. 1687Montagu & Prior Hind & Panth. Transv. 27 To give sophisticated Brewings vent. 1800Henry Epit. Chem. (1808) 390 The fraud is detected by adding alcohol to the sophisticated spirit. 1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. IV. 371 It is essential that water should be introduced, either pure or sophisticated.
2. a. Altered from, deprived of, primitive simplicity or naturalness. Of a literary text: altered in the course of being copied or printed.
1603Florio Montaigne (1632) 301 And truly, Philosophy is nothing else but a sophisticated poesie. 1638Junius Paint. Ancients 119 The sophisticated Art..drew still the eyes and minds of unadvised spectators. 1684Burnet tr. More's Utopia (1716) 118 Among those who pursue these sophisticated Pleasures, they reckon those..who think themselves really the better for having fine Clothes. 1782V. Knox Ess. vii. 33 He is..pursuing all the sophisticated joys, which succeed to supply the place where Nature is relinquished. 1825Scott Talism. x, All this internal chain of feudal dependence is artificial and sophisticated. 1871L. Stephen Playgr. Eur. (1894) i. 7 The mountains..are a standing protest against the sophisticated modern taste. 1948Studies in Bibliogr. I. 112 This copy is only a sophisticated version of Stow. 1963N. & Q. Mar. 101/1 We know..that F [of King Lear] is a sophisticated text, and it seems..possible that we have an example of sophistication here.
transf.a1652Brome Queen & Concubine iii. iii, Where the swoln Courts sophisticated Breath Did but disease my Blood.
b. Of a person: free of naïvety, experienced, worldly-wise; subtle, discriminating, refined, cultured; aware of, versed in, the complexities of a subject or pursuit. Also transf. of a play, place, etc., that appeals to a sophisticated person.
Occas. (as in quot. 1952) Biol. and Psychol. used as opp. naive a. 2.
1895Hardy Jude iv. v. 303 Though so sophisticated in many things she was such a child in others that this satisfied her. 1904J. C. Lincoln Cap'n Eri xii. 230 The only scoffer was the bored Josiah, who, being a sophisticated New Yorker, sat in the best chair and gazed contemptuously upon the entire proceeding. 1915New Republic 13 Feb. 51/2 It is one of those sophisticated melodramas in which a glamor is thrown about the underworld... The dope-fiend, the thief's mistress, the crooked detective, are all exhibited to an audience that apparently prides itself on being ‘knowing’. 1933H. S. Walpole Vanessa iii. 531 Here in these pages was life, the life that so many polished sophisticated writers missed altogether. 1952Arch. Ophthalmol. XLVIII. 607 The sophisticated subject could always distinguish this illusion from the oculogravic illusion. 1954Word X. 236 This conception has cropped up again and again. Even sophisticated thinkers have bent their ingenious efforts to preserving it. 1957D. Robins Noble One vii. 71 She preferred smooth sophisticated young men like Keith who amused and flattered her. 1962P. D. Strevens Study of Present-Day Eng. Lang. (1963) 23 The teaching of either language or literature in less educationally and linguistically sophisticated parts of the world. 1969Daily Tel. 18 Oct. 11/5 Its nightclub-restaurant with an ‘international’ menu and Caribbean band is as sophisticated as you'd find anywhere. 1971Ibid. 17 June 3/3 To the police he showed ‘promise’ of becoming a sophisticated criminal.
absol.1952G. Sarton Hist. Sci. I. xvi. 425 It is probable that pederasty was more common in Athens among the aristocrats, the idle rich, and the sophisticated than among the simpler people.
c. Of equipment, techniques, theories, etc.: employing advanced or refined methods or concepts; highly developed or complicated.
1945C. S. Lewis That Hideous Strength xiv. 384 The man was so very allusive and used gesture so extensively that Mark's less sophisticated modes of communication were almost useless. 1952G. Sarton Hist. Sci. I. xi. 289 He represents a second (or third) and more sophisticated stage in the evolution of Pythagorean astronomy. 1956N.Y. Times 1 Apr. 19/1 Navy scientists are virtually exploring multidimensional space in a time machine in the search for what they call ‘sophisticated’ high-yield weapons. 1960Washington Post 16 June 20/6 Soviet experts are said to have assisted the Peking regime with advanced nuclear reactors of a sophisticated type. 1966Times 28 Mar. (Austral. Suppl.) p. v/4 Victoria now has many sophisticated industrial complexes. 1970H. Braun Parish Churches xvii. 206 The High Gothic font was a sophisticated piece of furniture. 1970Daily Tel. (Colour Suppl.) 28 Aug. 16/4 Laser beams..are useful to scientists as a sophisticated light-source. 1972L. Alcock By South Cadbury viii. 182 The Breiddin had been refortified in the late fourth century with a sophisticated timber defence, in the form of a raised fighting platform and look-out towers. 1972Sci. Amer. Sept. 53/2 One of the most sophisticated of all animal communication systems, the celebrated waggle dance of the honeybee. 1979Now! 14 Sept. 78/1 When they raided the flat the police found two-way pocket radios, explosive substances and what were described as ‘sophisticated’ timing devices.
3. a. Falsified in a greater or less degree; not plain, honest, or straightforward.
1672Dryden Assignation v. iv, I love not a sophisticated truth, With an allay of lye in't. a1806Horsley Serm. (1811) 105 Who resist the truth by argument, or..explain it away by sophisticated interpretations. 1835I. Taylor Spir. Despot. vii. 329 After ingenious and sophisticated criticism has done its utmost. 1861Holland Lessons in Life v. 69 Our truths are half truths, or exaggerated truths or sophisticated truths.
b. Of a printed book, containing alterations in content, binding, etc. which are intended to deceive.
1862J. H. Burton Book-Hunter i. 25 His experience..rendered him the most merciless detector of sophisticated books. Nothing, it might be supposed on first thought, can be a simpler or more easily recognized thing than a book genuine as printed. But in the old-book trade there are opportunities for the exercise of ingenuity. 1952J. Carter ABC for Book-Collectors 168 Sophisticated..as applied to a book, is simply a polite synonym for doctored or faked-up.
4. Comb., as sophisticated-looking.
1925T. Dreiser Amer. Tragedy (1926) I. i. iv. 31 A brisk..and decidedly sophisticated-looking person. |