| 释义 |
copal|ˈkəʊpəl|
[a. Sp. copal (F. copal, copale), ad. Mexican copalli incense (Molina, 1571), a fragrant translucent white resin which distils from a tree, thence called copalquahuitl, also by extension applied to any similar resin (Hernandez, 1651, iii. i.).]
1. a. A hard translucent odoriferous resin obtained from various tropical trees, and from which a fine transparent varnish is prepared. Also gum copal.
The name was first applied to that obtained from Mexico; but copal is now procured also from Brazil, the West Indies, W. Africa, Mozambique and Zanzibar, Madagascar, India, Manila, New Caledonia, and New Zealand. That from East Africa is most highly valued, and is often dug from the ground in a semi-fossilized condition. For list of Copals, see R. Ingham Clark Varnishes and Fossil Resins, 1891.
1577Frampton Joyful News 2 They doe bryng from the Newe Spaine [Mexico] twoo kindes of Rosine..the one is called Copall. 1613Purchas Pilgrimage viii. xiii. 678 They brought also Copalli, a sweete gumme, to incense the Gods. 1657Phys. Dict., Copal, white rosin, very bright. 1712E. Cooke Voy. S. Sea 390 Liquid Amber, Anime, Copal, Suchicopal, and other Gums. 1712J. Browne tr. Pomet's Hist. Drugs I. 201 The Gum Copal, which we call Oriental Copal. 1777Robertson Hist. Amer. I. iii. 242 The people perfumed them as they landed with incense of gum copal. 1843Prescott Mexico i. vi. (1864) 61 Offering up no other sacrifice than the sweet incense of copal. 1859Gullick & Timbs Paint. 211 Copal forms the efficient substitute for amber in the modern vehicle of painting. 1878H. M. Stanley Dark Cont. II. xiii. 387 Another valuable article of commerce besides the bees-wax and india-rubber found here was gum copal. 1887C. A. Moloney Foresty W. Africa 134 It is said by the natives that no trees grow on or near the places where the gum copal is found.
b. fossil copal: = copalite; also the semi-fossilized copal of Zanzibar.
1815Aikin Manual of Min. (ed. 2) 64. 1839 J. F. W. Johnston in Phil. Mag. Ser. iii. XIV. 87. 1863–82 Watts Dict. Chem. II. 21 Copalin, Fossil copal, Highgate resin. 1883Fisheries Exhib. Catal. (ed. 4) 118 Collection of Anime Fossil Copal, from the beach of the east coast of Africa.
2. attrib., as copal amber, copal resin, copal tree, copal varnish; copal balsam = copalm balsam.
1828Stark Elem. Nat. Hist. II. 392 The amber itself..may have had a similar origin with the copal amber which exudes from the Vateria Indica of Linnæus when cut. 1828G. W. Bridges Ann. Jamaica II. xiii. 125 Burning branches of the copal tree. 1833J. Rennie Alph. Angling 64 Rods..stained and varnished..with copal varnish. 1863–82Watts Dict. Chem., Copalin..resembles copal resin in hardness, colour, lustre, and transparency. |