| 释义 |
tharm Now dial.|θɑːm|
Forms: 1 Angl. tharm, þarm, WSax. þearm, thearm; 3 þærm, þerm, 3–4 þarm, 4 þearm, 5 thaarme, 5– tharm; (6–7 dial. therm, 8–9 Sc. therm, thairm).
[OE. þarm, þearm = OFris. therm (WFris. term), OLG. *þarm (MDu. darm, darem, Du. darm, OHG. darm, daram (MHG., MLG., Ger. darm), ON. þarmr (Sw., Da. tarm):—OTeut. *þarm-oz, f. Indo-Eur. ablaut series ter: tor: tr to go through. Cf. Gr. τρῆµα perforation, τράµις perineum.]
1. An intestine; chiefly in pl., bowels, viscera, entrails; in quot. c 1460 transf.
a700Epinal Gloss. (O.E.T.) 503 Intestinum, thearm. c725Corpus Gloss. 2140 Viscera, tharme, thumle. Ibid. 870 Fibra, þearm. c1000ælfric Gram. xiii. (Z.) 85 Exta, þearmas. c1205Lay. 818 Moni þusend þer flowen, þærmes heo droȝen [c 1275 þarmes idrowen]. 1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 702 Of þe chylde þat she bare..Al to-drawe were þe þarmys. c1380Sir Ferumb. 949 Þay stykede þorȝ guttes & þearmes, so foule with hem þei ferde. c1440Promp. Parv. 490/1 Thaarme (or gutte), sumen, viscus. c1460Towneley Myst. xiii. 391, I haue..A house full of yong tharmes,..wo is hym has many barnes. 1535Coverdale 2 Macc. ix. 5 There came vpon him an horrible payne of his bowels, & a sore grefe of the tharmes. 1721Kelley Scot. Prov. 137 He that has a wide Therm, had never a long Arm. 1877N.W. Linc. Gloss., Tharm, the colon.
2. An intestine as cleansed and prepared for some purpose: see quots. Also, in sing., as a substance or material; catgut for fiddle-strings, etc.
[1545R. Ascham Toxoph. ii. (Arb.) 110 Eustathius..doeth tel, that in oulde tyme they made theyr bowe strynges of bullox thermes. 1631R. H. Arraignm. Whole Creature xvi. 291 The strings made of Wolves will never tune right with those made of the Thermes of Sheepe.] 1671Skinner Etymol. Ang., Tharm, vox agro Linc. usitatissima pro Intestinis mundatis ad Botulos seu Farcinima paranda inflatis. 1674Ray N.C. Wds., Tharm, guts prepared, cleansed, and blown up for to receive puddings; Lincolnsh. 1755Johnson, Tharm, intestines twisted for several uses. 1786Burns Ordination vii, Come, screw the pegs wi' tunefu' cheep, And o'er the thairms be tryin. 1787― To Haggis i, Aboon them a' ye tak your place, Painch, tripe, or thairm. 1816J. Cleland Rise & Progr. Glasgow (1820) 275 A work in which Therm was manufactured from the intestines of animals. 1824Scott Redgauntlet Let. x, The best fiddler that ever kittled thairm with horse-hair. 1881W. Anderson in Mod. Sc. Poets II. 238 Thairm, to mount a spinnin wheel.
3. attrib. and Comb., as tharm-band, tharm-string.
1786Burns Brigs of Ayr 202 O had M‘Lauchlan, thairm-inspiring Sage, Been there to hear this heavenly band engage. 1788G. Turnbull Poet. Ess. 185 Therm-strings for spinning Wheels and fiddles. 1825Jamieson, Thairm-band, a string or cord of catgut for..a spinning-wheel. |