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▪ I. † sold, n.1 Obs.
Forms: α. 4–5 soude, sowde, 5 sood-, sowede; 4–5, Sc. 8–9 soud, sowd. β. 5 sawd(e. γ. 5–6 sould(e. δ. 5–7 sold, 6 solde.
[a. OF. soude, soulde (more commonly soudee, souldee, etc.), = It. and Pg. soldo, Sp. sueldo:—L. solidum, acc. sing. of solidus: see sol n.3 and sou. (The mod.F. solde is due to Italian influence.) Cf. MDu., MLG., MHG. solt, Du., G., Da., Sw. sold.]
1. Pay (esp. of soldiers), wages, salary.
αc1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 14234 Payen & Cristen knyght..at soud he held. c1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 146 Fle covetise of godis, and be payed wiþ ȝoure sowdes. 1440Paston Lett. I. 41 My Lord Tresorer graunted the seid vij. c. marc to my Lord of Norffolk, for the arrerag of hys sowde qwyl he was in Scotland. 1475Bk. Noblesse (Roxb.) 31 That the said chieftein must pay his men of soude..justly. a1513Fabyan Chron. (1811) 519 For the wage & sowde of the Nauaroys and Englysshemen.
β1402Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 94 These paroche preestes that ministren the sacramentis, for a certen sawd bi ȝeer. c1450King Ponthus & Fair Sidone i. (1897) 1, I schal paye their sawde for thre yer.
γ1429Wills & Inv. N.C. (Surtees, 1835) 79 Ilk preest hauyng for his sould by yeer viij mrc'. 1473Edw. IV in State P. Hen. VIII, VI. 8 For contentation of a yerely soulde. 1542Paget Ibid. IX. 198 He myndeth..to borowe the sould of 20000 men for a yere, if He canne obteyne it. 1550T. Nycolls Thucidides 216 To paye the soulde or wages of the sayd armye.
δ1438Bk. Alexander Gt. (Bann. Cl.) 61 Serue ȝour soldis of the King. c1470Henry Wallace ii. 209 Thi worthi kyn may nocht the saiff for sold. 1544Harvel in St. Papers Hen. VIII, IX. 619 For lacke of payment of his solde. 1590Spenser F.Q. ii. ix. 6 Were your will, her sold to entertaine, And numbred be mongst knights of Maydenhed. 1601Bp. W. Barlow Defence 131 Lying in campe under sold and pay, fighting as souldiers. 1630R. Johnson's Kingd. & Commw. 163 Lastly, there is the Sold, or pay of 50000 foot.
2. Sc. A sum or quantity (orig. of money or gold).
1513Douglas æneid iii. i. 91 With a grete sold of gold fey Priamus Secretlie vmquhile send this Polidorus..to Polymnestor. 1710Ruddiman Gloss. Douglas' æneis s.v. Sold, Scot. Sowd, as a sowd of money, i.e. a great sum. 1795Statist. Acc. Scotl. XIV. 74 note, The tradesmen are paid..with a certain sum or quantity of victual annually agreed on, called soud. 1828Moir Mansie Wauch ii, A sowd of toddy was swallowed. 1845Still Cottar's Sunday 172 They wha grip Great souds o' hidden treasure.
▪ II. † sold, n.2 Obs.—0
In 5 sowde.
[? a. OF. *soude (Pg. solda):—L. solida: cf. prec. and sold v.2]
Solder.
c1440Promp. Parv. 466/1 Sowde, metel, consolidum solidarium.
▪ III. † sold, n.3 Obs.—1
In 6 soulde, 6–7 solde.
[ad. It. soldo: cf. sold n.1 and sol n.3]
A sol or small coin.
1547Boorde Introd. Knowl. xx. 171 They haue myttes, duccates, & soldes [in Hungary]. Ibid. xxxvii. 216 In syluer they haue [in Turkey] Aspers and Souldes; and ther be som Souldes that be brasse. 1599Hakluyt Voy. II. 108 Their horsemen have onely sixe soldes Venetian a day.
▪ IV. † sold, v.1 Obs.
Forms: α. 4–5 soud-, 5 sowd-, sawd-. β. 5–6 sould(e, 6 sowld-, sold-.
[f. sold n.1: cf. OF. soud-, soldeier. But perh. partly due to OF. soudre, saudre, souldre, soldre:—L. solvĕre to pay.]
1. trans. To pay; to enlist or retain for service by payment. Also fig.
αc1386Chaucer Prioress' T. 128 O martir soudit to virginite. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. xxii. 431 Imparfit is þe pope þat..soudeþ hem þat sleeþ suche as he sholde saue. 1456Sir G. Haye Law Arms (S.T.S.) 53 He fand..grete quantitee of gold.., With the quhilk he sawdit grete nowmer of men of armys. a1470Gregory Chron. in Hist. Coll. Citizen Lond. (Camden) 106 To have men sowdyd withe hym ayenst the Duke of Orleans.
β1418in Riley Lond. Mem. (1868) 665 Normandye, þere to be soulded or waged wiþ þe Kyng. 1456Sir G. Haye Law Arms (S.T.S.) 143 [He sent] gold in Almayne for to soulde men of armes, for the space of ane ȝere. 1523Cromwell in Merriman Life & Lett. (1902) I. 37 The harmys whiche we ourselffes showld susteyn in sowldyng of so great an army. 1550T. Nycolls Thucidides 221 b, Who..soulded or waged aboutes three houndred souldyars.
2. intr. To serve as a paid soldier or mercenary.
1564Haward Eutropius i. 9 Virginius at that time soulded for honest wages..againste the Latines.
Hence † ˈsolding vbl. n.1 Obs.
1475Bk. Noblesse 29 For lak of good provisions bothe of artillery and ordenaunce for the werre and soudeyng to be made in dew season. Ibid. 83 Whiche..were not usid of custom nothing to pay..to the souding of men of armes.
▪ V. † sold, v.2 Obs.
Forms: α. 4 soud-, 4–6 sowd-; 4–5 sawd-. β. 5 sould-, 5–6 sold-.
[ad. OF. souder, sauder, soulder, = Prov. soudar, soldar, Sp. and Pg. soldar, It. sodare:—L. solidāre to make solid or firm, f. solidus solid a.]
1. trans. To solder; to fasten with solder; to unite (metal) by soldering († or welding).
c1350Leg. Rood (1871) 77 Dauid made A serkell al of siluer brade, And bad þat it suld sawded be All obout þe haly thre [= tree]. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvi. xciii. (Tollem. MS.), Leed may not be sone sowdid to leed noþer to bras, noþer to yren with oute tyn. c1425Seven Sages (P.) 2023 Than thay sayen at the laste How the piler stode in bras, And with sowdyng sowdyt faste. 1485Caxton Chas. Gt. 103, xxx arches of marble,..whyche ben soulded wyth leed and cyment. 1506Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scot. III. 330 Item, to..ane man that sowdit ane gwn of the Kingis schip, xiiij s.
2. transf. To unite firmly or closely; spec. in medical use (see solder v. 2).
1388Wyclif Acts iii. 7 And anoon hise leggis and hise feet weren sowdid togidere; and he lippide, and stood. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. vii. xxxi. (Bodl. MS.), The couȝe suffreþ not þe wounde to be closed and isawded. a1425tr. Arderne's Treat. Fistula 45 She trowed..for to haue souded þe place of þe fynger in whiche þe bone..stode bifore. 1502Arnolde Chron. (1811) 170 Som men late the roete end of the vyne be vncutt..til it be sowded with the chiri tree.
b. intr. To close or heal. (Cf. solder v. 6.)
a1425tr. Arderne's Treat. Fistula 46, I putte-to vnguentum viride vpon stupes, and þe fynger bigan for to soude. Ibid. 84 Þe sidez of þe wounde byganne for to soude or conglutinate.
Hence † ˈsolding vbl. n.2 Obs.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvi. xix. (Bodl. MS.), [Glue] haþ vertu of drawinge & sowding. c1425[see sense 1 above]. 1447–8Durh. Acc. Rolls (Surtees) 275 Pro..le sowdyng unius olle eree. 1508Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scot. IV. 137 Item, for solding..of the Kingis salt fat, ij s. 1533Dunmow Churchw. MSS. fol. 17 b, To the makyng or sowdyng of the bell.
attrib.1341–2Ely Sacr. Rolls II. 117 In factura..soudinghirnes pro fabricacione vitri. 1399Fabric Rolls York Minster (Surtees) 18 Item ij soudyngirens et j helme ferri.
▪ VI. sold, ppl. a.|səʊld|
Also 6 solde, Sc. sauld.
[pa. pple. of sell v.]
1. Disposed of by sale. Also fig.
1535Coverdale Deut. xviii. 8 Besydes that which he hath of the solde good of his fathers. 1591Exch. Rolls Scotl. XXII. 162 Thair is to be deducit the rest restand upoun the comptar at the fute of the sauld victuellis. 1637Rutherford Lett. clxv. (1862) V. 384 Except that Christ's grace hath bought such a sold body, I know not what else any may think of me. 1652in Miss Hickson Ireland 17th Cent. (1884) I. 298 As the examt.'s husband told her when he came home next day, and withal said we were ‘a sold people’. 1722De Foe Col. Jack xi, The very same low distressed condition as he was in, I mean a sold servant. 1853Fairbairn Typology Scripture I. 339 The sold, hated, and crucified One. 1862Thornbury Life of Turner I. 271 A volume of sketches of sold pictures.
2. Denoting a sale effected.
1862Parthenon 16 Aug. 497/1 Those pictures which have ‘sold’ tickets. 1891Law Times XCI. 193/1 There was no clause about arbitration on the sold note sent by the brokers to the plaintiffs.
3. slang. Tricked, deceived. Cf. sell v. 9.
1876‘Mark Twain’ Tom Sawyer xvii. 147 As the ‘sold’ congregation trooped out they said they would almost be willing to be made ridiculous again.
4. sold-out.
a. colloq. Bankrupt; exhausted, ‘finished’.
1859Hotten Dict. Slang 98 Sold up, or out, broken down, bankrupt. 1958F. C. Avis Boxing Ref. Dict. 104 Sold out: said of a boxer who is nearly exhausted. 1973Observer 3 June 25/6 At the end of last season he was physically and mentally sold out. 1977New Yorker 4 July 24/1 A pool player who was vaguely associated with the big-money barracudas and sold-out types hanging back in the pool-hall shadows.
b. That has sold all its stock, seats, etc.
1903Kipling Five Nations 191 The sold-out shops and the bank And the wet, wide-open town. 1960Farmer & Stockbreeder 8 Mar. 60/1 (heading) Sold-out at Bath. All available stand space at the Bath and West Show..has been sold. 1975High Times Dec. 21/1 They..are a soldout attraction wherever they perform. 1976Early Music Oct. 447/2 Bodies whose present idea of an 18th-century orchestra is a group playing Haydn and Mozart badly to a sold-out Festival Hall. |