| 释义 |
chastise, v.|tʃæˈstaɪz|
Forms: 4 chastise-n, chastis, chastizen, 4–5 chastyse, 4–7 chastice, 5 chastyzyn, (shastyse), (6 chaistice, -ise, chastese), 6–9 chastize, 4– chastise.
[An equivalent of the earlier chaste and chasty, the formation of which is not easily accounted for. There is no recorded med.L. castizāre, F. chastiser, and no OF. chastir, chastiss-, the usual sources of -ise, -ize in English verbs; the word is too early to be a simple English formation from chaste a. + -ize. The stress was originally always on the first syllable ˈchastise, is generally so with Shakespeare (7 times against 2), and also in later poets, as still in ˈchastisement; but already in Chaucer sometimes, and Gower often, on the second, as now.
If chastise was in some way altered from chasty, the alteration has not been accounted for. If the n. chastice had been more frequent or of earlier date in the language, it might have been suggested that the verb was formed on it.]
†1. To correct (authoritatively) the faults of; to amend, reform, improve (a person or thing). Obs.
c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 28 To chastise alle oþer he tok vengeance on him. c1386Chaucer Monk's T. 515 ffor he fro vices wolde hym chastise Discreetly as by word and nat by dede. a1450Knt. de la Tour 24 A woman may chastise her husbonde, and make hym do welle, with fairnesse rather than with rudenesse. 1477Earl Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 7 He that wyl not be chastysed by fayre and swete wordes. 1494Fabyan vii. ccxxvi. 253 This Henry chastysed the olde vntrewe mesure, and made a yerde of the length of his owne arme. 1579T. F. News fr. North in Thynne's Animadv. (1865) Introd. 134 These..large Expences..have chasticed and amended me.
†b. To discipline, train, break in (e.g. a horse or dog). Obs.
c1340Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 1143 Braches bayed þerfore, & breme noyse maked, & þay chastysed, & charred, on chasyng þat went. 1486[see chastised below].
†2. To reprove, rebuke, censure. Obs.
c1350Will. Palerne 54 Þe cherl..chastised his dogge, bad him blinne of his berking. 1393Gower Conf. II. 338 But I the shall chastise now. 1477Earl Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 17 It is not honeste to chastise a man afore all folkis. 1659Pearson Creed (1839) 265 After his resurrection, he chastised the dulness of his disciples. 1699Bentley Phal. 319 He chastises me for saying, That the Sophists affected to excell one another in writing Attic.
b. To accuse, charge. dial.
1875Parish Sussex Dial. s.v., They've been chastising my boy of setting the faggot-stack a-fire.
3. To inflict punishment or suffering upon, with a view to amendment; also simply, to punish, to inflict punishment (esp. corporal punishment) on.
c1325Cursor M. 2612 (Gött.) Þu chastis [Cott. chasti, Fairf. chasty] hir, þu has þe wand; So chastisd Sare hir fra þat day. 1362Langl. P. Pl. A. v. 32 He chargede Chapmen to Chasten [v.r. chastice; B. chastizen, chastisen] heore children. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvii. clxxv. (1495) 717 Chyldren and houndes hatyth the rodde, for they ben therwyth chastisyd. c1400Destr. Troy 5104 Not cherist, but chastist, by charge of his foly. 1461Marg. Paston Lett. 403 II. 29 God defend yt but they be shastysyd as the lawe wolle. 1587Golding De Mornay xii. 179 Good Spirites..when they strike, it is to chastice men. Ibid. xii. 183 Not that God is not able to chaistice vs himselfe..for his Storehouse is neuer vnfurnished of roddes to scurge vs withall. 1596Spenser F.Q. vi. ii. 11 Threatning to chastize me, as doth t' a chyld pertaine. 1611Bible 1 Kings xii. 11 My father hath chastised you with whippes, but I will chastise you with scorpions. 1768Sterne Sent. Journ. (1778) II. 113 Why should I chastise one for the trespass of another? 1876Burnaby Ride Khiva xv, He at once procured a whip, and chastised the official.
b. in military language.
a1533Ld. Berners Huon lxxxvii. 274 How Huon..chastesyd his rebelles. 1570–87Holinshed Scot. Chron. (1806) II. 54 The governor prepared to make a journie into the Iles to chastice the foresaid Donald. 1841Elphinstone Hist. Ind. II. 471 A plan for chastising the intruder. 1845S. Austin tr. Ranke's Hist. Ref. III. 513 To bring an army into the field to chastise the landgrave.
c. with the offence as object.
1595Shakes. John ii. i. 117 That Iudge..Vnder whose warrant I impeach thy wrong, And by whose helpe I meane to chastise it. 1769Robertson Chas. V, V. ii. 286 [He] was assembling an army to chastise Robert's insolence.
4. To free from faults, purify, refine; to correct, revise (a literary work); = chasten 3. Obs. or arch.
1620Sanderson 12 Serm. (1632) 96 To chastice his very method and phrase. 1711Steele Spect. No. 4 ⁋6 Behold the Beauty of her Person chastised by the Innocence of her Thoughts. 1887Sat. Rev. 26 Mar. 459/2 To correct and chastise his productions so that they have..a sort of formal merit.
5. To restrain from passion or excess; to moderate, temper, subdue; = chasten 4. arch.
1704Steele Lying Lov. Epil., With Pity to chastise Delight. 1725Pope Odyss. xvi. 196 Then with surprise (surprise chastised with fears)..he cried. 1810Crabbe Borough xv, A love chastised by awe. 1818Hallam Middle Ages (1872) I. 51 Since the regularity of modern tactics has chastised its enthusiasm.
Hence chastised |tʃæˈstaɪzd| ppl. a.
c1440Promp. Parv. 70 Chastyzed, castigatus. 1486Bk. St. Albans B iij b, A chastised hounde. 1595Shakes. John v. ii. 84 Betweene this chastiz'd kingdome and my selfe. 1790Burke Fr. Rev. 268 It would make a more moderate and chastised use of it [power]. 1794Paley Evid. i. ix. §7 A recension or chastised edition of Saint Luke's Gospel. 1798Malthus Popul. II. 242 To sober themselves with a little severe and chastised thinking. a1847Mrs. Sherwood Lady of Manor III. xxi. 313 Accents..more chastised and under control than the lamentations of Miss C. |