| 释义 |
abdominal, a. and n.|æbˈdɒmɪnəl|
[ad. mod.L. abdōmināl-is, f. abdōmen, abdōmin-; see -al1.]
A. adj.
1. Anat. Of or pertaining to the abdomen; ventral. abdominal belt.
1746R. James Introd. to Moffet's Health's Impr. 8 The perpetual Compressure of the Stomach, and all the abdominal Viscera. 1836Todd Cycl. An. & Ph. I. 16 A degree of antagonism exists between the diaphragm and the abdominal muscles. 1870Rolleston Animal Life 7 The walls of the abdominal and pelvic cavities. 1874Wood Nat. Hist. 553 That which is found on the under surface and in front of the vent is called the abdominal fin. 1879Syd. Soc. Lex. 8 In man the respiration is said to be abdominal, in woman thoracic. 1907H. C. Beeching Let. in E. V. Lucas Post-Bag Diversions (1934) 25, I have become once more erect and acquisitive. I attribute the change to an abdominal belt. 1909H. G. Wells Tono-Bungay iii. ii. 334 Going about making love indeed!—in abdominal belts!—at his time of life!
2. Zool. Belonging or attached to the abdomen of insects and crustacea.
1874Lubbock Orig. Metam. Insects i. 7 Like caterpillars, having three pairs of legs and in the former case abdominal pro-legs as well. 1877Huxley Anat. Inv. An. vi. 346 Cynthia has its branchial appendages attached to the abdominal members.
3. Zool. Epithet of an order of fishes, a division of the soft-finned group of the Osseous fishes, having the ventral fins under the belly, as in the common carp, salmon, herring, etc.
1835Kirby Hab. & Inst. An. I. ii. 113 The herring..belongs to the tribe called abdominal fishes, or those whose ventral fins are behind the pectoral. 1847Carpenter Zool. 573 [These] have greater facility of ascending and descending than the abdominal fishes. 1854Badham Prose Halieutics 235 That grand ichthyological section called abdominal, of which the leading feature is to have the belly-fins suspended behind the pectorals or side-fins.
B. n.
1. An abdominal fish; in pl. abdominals, more commonly L. ‖ Abdominales |-ˈeɪliːz|, the order of soft-finned Osseous fishes, which have the ventral fins under the abdomen and behind the pectorals.
2. An abdominal operation.
1932Kipling Limits & Renewals 358 It was the trephining work that had stuck on his mental retina. (Odd! It used to be abdominals with me.)
▸ B. n. Any of several abdominal muscles, esp. the rectus abdominis. Usu. in pl.
1854L. B. Chase Eng. Serfdom & Amer. Slavery viii. 80 The drayman,..having encircled the neck of his antagonist with one arm, was poking sundry blows with the doubled-up end of the other, into the abdominals of Mr. Spriggins. 1935Child Devel. 6 273/2 As the children made use of a low board swing, it was found that use of all trunk muscles took place, especially the abdominals. 1956Muscle Power Mar. 40/2 Lunch time finds him exercising his legs and calves and abdominals at the Weider Gym. 1974Trinidad Guardian 16 Oct. 24/9 Another Trinidadian, Eddie Bates, won the prize for the best abdominals in the world. 2003Ace June 53/2 For the torso and abdominals, El Aynaoui does 50 push-ups, 50 sit-ups and 10 sets of 30 roll-overs.
▸ A. adj. abdominal crunch n. a physical exercise similar to a sit-up in which the head and shoulders are raised slightly off the ground from a supine position.
1982Daily Herald (Chicago) 19 Jan. ii. 5/4 Inclined *abdominal crunches. 2002Esquire May 83/2 The best prescription: exercise, in the form of fifteen minutes of daily back stretches and abdominal crunches. |