| 释义 |
▪ I. collation, n.|kəˈleɪʃən|
Also 2–3 collatiun, 4 colasioun, 4–5 col(l)acioun, collacion, -yon, 5 colacion, 5–7 -tion, 6 collasion, -yon.
[a. OF. collation, -cion action of conferring, etc., ad. L. collātiōn-em, n. of action f. collāt- ppl. stem of confer-re to bring together: see confer, and -ation. This word has had many developments of meaning in med. Latin, French, and English; with us, it appears first as an ecclesiastical term, in sense 6.
(In mod.F. collation is used in senses 3, 4; 8, 9; 10, 11. According to Littré in senses 8, 9, it is pronounced with one l only, whereas in the other senses both l's are heard; consequently he treats collation the repast as a distinct word (so far as modern use is concerned) from the other senses. In English, 8 and 9 are closely articulated to other senses.)]
I. Bringing together, comparison.
†1. A bringing together or collection, esp. of money; a contribution. Obs.
1382Wyclif Rom. xv. 26 To make sum collacioun [Vulg. collationem], or gedrynge of moneye. 1565Cooper Thesaurus, Symbolum, a shotte: a collation. 1600Holland Livy v. xxv. 196 The collation and gathering of a small donative. 1725tr. Dupin's Eccl. Hist. 17th c. I. v. 67 They publish'd also in Sermons the Collations, that is, the Alms which they commonly collected every Sunday for the Poor.
b. Roman and Scotch Law. The throwing together of the possessions of several persons, in order to an equal division of the whole stock; hotch-pot; L. collatio bonorum.
1828Webster, Collation 5 In Scots law, the right which an heir has of throwing the whole heritable and movable estates of the deceased into one mass, and sharing it equally with others who are of the same degree of kindred. 1886J. Muirhead Encycl. Brit. XX. 714 The application of the principle of collation to descendants generally, so that they were bound to throw into the mass of the succession before its partition every advance they had received from their parent in anticipation of their shares.
c. collation of seals (see quot.).
1708–15Kersey Collation of Seals (in ancient Deeds), when one Seal was set on the Back of another, upon the same Ribbon, or Label. So1721in Bailey. 1848in Wharton.
2. The action of bringing together and comparing; comparison.
c1374Chaucer Boeth. iv. iv. 125 Ellys he mot shewe þat þe colasioun of proposiciouns nis nat spedful to a necessarie conclusioun. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. ii. xviii. (1495) 43 An angel..vnderstondyth and knowyth sodaynly wythout collacion of one thynge to a nother. 1570–6Lambarde Peramb. Kent (1826) 98 That the truth may appeere, by collation of the divers reports. 1646T. Philipot Poems 43 A Collation between Death and Sleep. 1669Gale Crt. Gentiles i. i. xi. 65 The Hebrew and Egyptian Language had some things commun; from the collation whereof, some light may arise. 1790Paley Horæ Paul. ii. §1 A close and attentive collation of the three writings. 1836–7Sir W. Hamilton Metaph. xxxiv. (1859) II. 278 This..necessarily supposes a comparison, a collation, between existence and non-existence. 1848Mill Pol. Econ. I. 430.
3. esp. Textual comparison of different copies of a document; critical comparison of manuscripts or editions with a view to ascertain the correct text, or the perfect condition of a particular copy.
1532W. Thynne Chaucer's Wks. Ded., The contrarietees and alteracions founde by collacion of the one [edition] with the other. 1568in H. Campbell Love-lett. Mary Q. Scots App. 52 The originals..were duly conferred and compared..with sundry other lettres..in collation whereof no difference was found. 1717Atterbury Let. to Pope 8 Nov., I return you your Milton, which, upon collation, I find to be revised and augmented in several places. 1768Johnson Pref. to Shaks. Wks. IX. 292 By collation of copies, or sagacity of conjecture. 1868Furnivall Temp. Pref. Canterb. T. (Chaucer Soc.) 5, The MS. was old and good enough to deserve collation for the next edition of Chaucer.
b. The recorded result of such comparison; a set of corrections or various readings obtained by comparing different copies.
1699Bentley Phal. Pref. Wks. 1836 I. 2 The collation, it seems, was sent defective to Oxon. 1758Jortin Erasm. I. 392 Erasmus desires Aldrige to get him a Collation of Seneca..from a Manuscript of King's College. 1875Scrivener Lect. Grk. Test. 54 Bentley's collation [of Codex A]..is yet in manuscript at Trinity College, Cambridge.
c. Law. (See quot.)
1727–51Chambers Cycl., Collation, in common law, is the comparison, or presentation of a copy to its original, to see whether or no it be conformable: or the report, or act of the officer who made the comparison. A collated act is equivalent to an original; provided all the parties concerned were present at the collation.
4. Printing and Bookbinding.
a. The action of collating the sheets or quires of a book or MS.
b. A description of a book or manuscript by its signatures or the number of its quires, and a statement of the sheets or leaves in each quire; also, a list of the various contents of a book and of the pages or parts of pages occupied by them.
1834Lowndes Bibliogr. Manual Pref., He gives neither the collation nor prices of books. 1882Blades Caxton 131 In Caxton's books the collation of the sheets preceded the folding. Ibid. 133 These indications..enable us to decide, even where printed signatures are wanting, the true collation of a book. Ibid. 173 The Game and Play of the Chess moralised..Collation.—Eight 4ns and one 5n = 74 leaves.
II. Conference, discourse, refection, light repast.
†5. A personal conferring together; consultation, conference, esp. of a private or informal sort.
1382Wyclif 2 Macc. xii. 43 Collacioun [Vulg. collatione], or spekinge to gidre. c1386Chaucer Clerk's T. 269 Yit wol I..That in my chambre, I and thou and sche Have a collacioun. 1474Caxton Chesse iii. v. G vj b, They ought not there to argue and dispute one agaynst another; but they ought to make good and symple colacion to geder. 1538Songs Costume (Percy Soc.) 77 Quhen thay wald mak collatioun, With any lustie companyeoun. 1655Fuller Ch. Hist. ii. ii. §90 Baronius and Binnius will in no case allow this for a council, only they call it a collation. 1666Evelyn Mem. (1857) III. 176 Collation with our officers.
†b. A discourse, sermon, or homily; a treatise, exposition. Obs.
1417J. Forester in Rymer Fœdera (1710) IX. 434 Cardenal Comeracence..had purposit..to have y maad the ferste Collation to for the Kynge. 1494Fabyan vii. 306 He made vnto them colacions or exortacions, & toke for his anteteme, Haurietis aquas. 1525Ld. Berners Froiss. II. ci. [xcvii.] 295 The archebysshope of Canterbury sang the masse; and after masse y⊇ bissoppe made a collacyon. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 43 We shall fyrst declare by ordre thre thynges, and so procede in this poore collacyon or treatyse. 1555Fardle Facions ii. xii. 273 The collacion..made in the pulpite on Sondaies and haly daies. 1631Weever Anc. Fun. Mon. 65 If any Priest came..into the village, the inhabitants thereof would gather about him, and desire to haue some good lesson or collation made vnto them. 1655Fuller Hist. Camb. 101 Bilney..for the present gave them a Collation.
6. The title of the celebrated work of John Cassian, a.d. 410–420 Collationes Patrum in Scetica Eremo Commorantium, i.e. Conferences of (and with) the Egyptian Hermits.
[c540Regula S. Benedicti lxxiii, Nec non et Collationes Patrum et Instituta et Uita eorum, sed et Regula sancti patris nostri Basilii.] c1200Winteney Rule St. Benet ibid., Oððe þa collatiuns, þæt Iohannes Cassianus awrat, & þere haliȝere manna lif þe on Uitas Patrum is ȝeredd, & þe regol ures haliȝes fader Basilies. 1340Ayenb. 155 Ase zayþ þe boc of collacions of holy uaderes. 1460–70Bk. Quintessence 18 As it is preued in vitas patrum, þat is to seye, in lyues & colaciouns of fadris. a1500Orol. Sap. in Anglia X. 357 Þe boke of lyfe of fadres & her collacyons. 1532More Confut. Tindale Wks. 516/2 Cassianus in the .xi. collacion the .xii. chapter. 1699Burnet 39 Art. xvii. (T.), No book was more read in the following ages than Cassian's Collations. 1885Catholic Dict. s.v. Fast 341 St. Benedict..requires his religious to assemble after supper and before compline and listen to ‘collations’—i.e. conferences (of Cassian), the lives of the fathers or other edifying books.
†b. In OE., collationes, as above, was rendered þurhtoᵹenes raca, þa þurhtoᵹenessa, also simply race, recednesse, c 1200 þa raca, i.e. relations, narratives, discourses, and in ME. collation had the sense: Relation, account. Obs.[c540Regula S. Benedicti xlii, Mox ut surrexerint a cena, sedeant omnes in unum, et legat unus collationes, vel vitas patrum, aut certe aliquid quod edificet audientes..Accedant ad lectionem Collationum. a1000O.E. Rule St. Benet (Schröer) xlii, Ræde him mon þa raca oðþe lif þæra heahfædera. Ibid. (Logemann) And ræde an þurhtoᵹenes race oððe on ealdfædera lifa..Hi gan to rædinge race oððe recednesse. c1200Winteney Rule St. Benet, ibid., And ræde an þa raca oððe lif þære heahfadera.] c1430Pilgr. Lyf Manhode iii. xxxii. (1869) 153 It is wel..myn entencioun þat þou make me þer of collacioun.
7. ‘The reading from the Collationes or lives of the Fathers, which St. Benedict (Regula xlii, see 6 b.) instituted in his monasteries before compline’ (Dict. Chr. Antiq.).
Whether the name actually originated in the Collationes Patrum read on these occasions does not appear certain. Already in Isidore, a 640, the name is simply collatio (Regula S. Isidori c. viii, ‘ad audiendum in Collatione Patrem..ad collectam conveniant..Sedentes autem omnes in Collatione tacebunt nisi,’ etc. Du Cange). By Smaragdus a 850, and Honorius of Autun (c 1300), the collatio is explained as being itself a conference of the monks upon the passage read, ‘aliis conferentibus interrogationes, conferunt alii congruas responsiones’. (See Du Cange.)
1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VI. 121 After þe nyȝt collacioun sche wook anon to þe day. Ibid. VII. 373 He wolde be at þe colacioun of monkes, and made þe general confessioun wiþ oþere. 1450–1530Myrr. our Ladye 165 Before Complyn ye haue a collacion, where ys redde some spyrytuall matter of gostly edyfycacion. 1482Monk of Evesham vi. (Arb.) 26 The mene while..hit range to the collacyon and the bretheren..went thense. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 65 Redynge in y⊇ refectory, or in the chapyter hous at collacyon. 1536R. Beerley in Four C. Eng. Lett. 35 Monckes drynk an bowll after collacyon tell ten or xii. of the clock.
8. Extended to the light repast or refection taken by the members of a monastery at close of day, after the reading or conference mentioned in 7. (Many quotations combine senses 7 and 8.) Hence, in modern R.C. usage, A light repast made in lieu of supper on fasting days.
c1305Land Cokayne 145 [The monks] Wendith meklich hom to drinke And geth to har collacione. 1582Munday Eng. Rom. Life in Harl. Misc. II. 179 The time of studye expired, the bell calleth them from theyr chambers, downe into the Refectorium: Where euery one taketh a glasse of wine, and a quarter of a manchet, and so he maketh his collatione. 1725tr. Dupin's Eccl. Hist. 17th c. I. v. 84 This is that which is call'd Collation..after the Conference they took Water or Wine, and a mouthful of Bread to support their Necessities. 1797Mrs. Radcliffe Italian xi, The lady-abbess, gave a collation to the padre abbate and such of the priests as had assisted at Vesper-service. 1885Catholic Dict. s.v. Fast 342 The quantity permissible at collation has been gradually enlarged. St. Charles..only allows a glass of wine with an ounce and a half of bread to be taken as a collation on the evening of fasting days.
9. Hence, in gen. use, A light meal or repast: one consisting of light viands or delicacies (e.g. fruit, sweets, and wine), or that has needed little preparation (often ‘a cold collation’). ‘A repast; a treat less than a feast’ (J.).
Originally applied to a repast between ordinary meals, and still retaining much of that character.
1525Ld. Berners Froiss. II. xci. [lxxxvii.] 272 Than wyne and spyces were brought in, and so made collasyon. 1533Udall Flowers 75 (R.) Such bankettes are called collacions, a collatum, tu, that is of laiyng together every one his porcion. 1611Cotgr., Collation..also, a collation, rere⁓supper, or repast after supper. 1630R. Johnson Kingd. & Commw. 183 Very few which (besides their ordinary of dinner and supper) doe not Gouster, as they call it, and make collations, three or foure times the day. 1664Pepys Diary (1879) III. 4 Come to the Hope about one and there..had a collacion of anchovies, gammon, etc. 1759Robertson Hist. Scot. I. vii. 536 A collation of wine and sweetmeats was prepared. 1771Smollett Humph. Cl. (1815) 111 Supping in different lodges on cold collations. 1775Johnson Western Isl., Buller of Buchan, Ladies come hither sometimes in the summer with collations [i.e. to picnic]. 1882Shorthouse J. Inglesant II. 205 A plentiful and delicate collation was spread..with abundance of fruit and wine.
fig.1652A. Ross Hist. World Pref. 13 Here they may have a short Collation after a long Feast. a1661Fuller Worthies iii. 96 May he be pleased to behold this my brief Description of Surrey, as a Running Collation to stay his Stomack, no set meal to satisfie his hunger. 1791D'Israeli Cur. Lit., Lit. Journ., The public..now murmured at the want of that salt and acidity by which they had relished the fugitive collation.
III. Conferring, preferment to office, etc.
†10. Conferring or bestowal (esp. of a dignity, prize, benefit, honorary degree). Obs. exc. as in 11.
1579Fenton Guicciard. ii. (1599) 90 Honoring in him by the collation of that dignitie, the vertue he shewed in the battell. 1642Jer. Taylor Episc. (1647) 47 In the collation of holy Orders. 1647Lilly Chr. Astrol. xxxvii. 217 Mutuall reception or translation, or collation of light and nature betwixt them. 1660Bond Scut. Reg. 88 The donation or collation of the power is from the Community. a1677Barrow Serm. I. viii. 95 In the collation, 'tis not in the gold or the silver..in which the benefit consists, but the will and benevolent intention of him who bestows them. 1691Ray Creation ii. (1704) 436 Neither are we to give Thanks alone for the first Collation of these Benefits. 1761Chron. in Ann. Reg. 128/1 The collation of the prize has been deferred. 1775Johnson Western Isl. Wks. X. 332 The indiscriminate collation of degrees has justly taken away that respect which they originally claimed.
11. Eccl.
a. The bestowal of a benefice or other preferment upon a clergyman.
b. (more usually) The appointment of a clergyman to a benefice; now, techn. Institution by the ordinary to a living which is in his own gift.
c1380Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. I. 305 It haþ fallen ofte tymes..þat two men have grace at oo tyme of oo collacioun. 1421Hen. V in Ellis Orig. Lett. iii. 30 I. 71 Hit is wel oure entent whanne any sucche benefice voydeth of oure yifte yat ye make collacion to him yr of. 1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. xiii. §88 They had enacted against all Collations of Bishoprickes and dignities by the Pope. 1625Bacon Ess. Empire (Arb.) 307 Where the Churchmen come in, and are elected, not by the Collation of the King, or particular Patrons, but by the People. 1641Termes de la Ley 64 Collation is properly the bestowing of a Benefice by the Bishop, that hath it in his owne gift or patronage. 1765Blackstone Comm. I. 391 When the ordinary is also the patron, and confers the living, the presentation and institution are one and the same act, and are called a collation to a benefice. 1876Grant Burgh Sch. Scotl. i. i. 22 The earliest record of an actual collation by the chancellor of a master to a grammar school.
c. Right of institution.
1480Bury Wills (1850) 58 That..the priour of the Monasterie of Bury..shuld have the gyfte and collacion of the same. 1536Act 27 Hen. VIII, c. 42 §6 in Oxf. & Camb. Enactm. 18 Any Parsonnage, Vicarage, Chauntrie or any other promocion spirituall..being..of the collacion or patronage of the said College. 1661Bramhall Just Vind. iv. 79 And the Statute of provisors..the King and his heirs shall have and enjoy for the time the collations to the Archbishopricks and other dignities elective. 1725tr. Dupin's Eccl. Hist. 17th c. I. ii. iii. 46 Pope Clement IV reserv'd to himself the Collation of all the vacant Benefices.
†d. ? A certificate of recommendation to a benefice. Obs. [F. la provision du collateur.]
1646Bp. Maxwell Burd. Issach. in Phenix (1708) II. 293 Before their Right could be compleated or perfected, they were to return to the King from the Superintendent a Collation or Certificate, That he was of that Ability to do good Service to the King and Church.
▪ II. † coˈllation, v. Obs.
[f. prec. n. Cf. F. collationner and med.L. collātionāre in the same senses.]
1. trans. To make a collation of; to compare (different copies, etc.); to collate.
1568Duke of Norfolk Jrnl. in H. Campbell Love-lett. Mary Q. Scots App. 37 The said Erle of Murray..did thereupon deliver the copies, being collationed. 1676W. Row Contn. Blair's Autobiog. xi. (1848) 358 They supplicate for a double of their petition; which being refused, they collationed their memories and wrote down their petition. 1693Burnet Let. in Brit. Mag. XXXV. 376 As for the dates..I might haue writ them wrong, or collationed them too negligently. 1715M. Davies Athen. Brit. i. 346 If those..were by proper hands collection'd, collation'd, and edition'd.
b. Printing and Bookbinding. = collate v. 4.
1656Blount Glossogr. s.v., To collation a Book; that is, to look diligently by the letters or figures at the bottom of every page, to see that nothing be wanting or defective. 1683Moxon Mech. Exerc. II. 350 Before he Folds the Books he will Colation them.
2. intr. To partake of a collation; to lunch.
1611Cotgr., Collationner..also, to collation it, or make a rere-supper. 1658Evelyn Mem. (1857) I. 345, I went to see a coach-race in Hyde-Park, and collationed in Spring Garden. 1742Jarvis Quix. (1842) II. 246 They..all three..collationed and supped at one and the same time.
b. trans. To entertain with a collation.
1662Evelyn Mem. (1857) I. 389 They were likewise collationed with us, and were very merry. 1684Dineley 1st Dk. Beaufort's Progr. Wales 66 His grace was collationed according to his quality. |