| 释义 |
▪ I. cod, n.1|kɒd|
Forms: 1–6 codd, 4–7 codde, (6 cood), 4– cod.
[OE. cod(d:—OTeut. type *kuddo-z: cf. early mod.Du. kodde, ‘coleus, testiculus’ (Kilian), OTeut. type *kuddon-, the source of the closely related cod n.2]
†1. A bag, scrip. Obs. (In 18th c. in slang use: a purse; see quots.)
c1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. x. 10 Ne codd on weᵹe. a1154O.E. Chron. an. 1131 In his mycele codde. a1440Sir Degrev. 1492 Coddys of sendall. 1576Inv. in Ripon Ch. Acts 378 A codd..ij lether coodes. 1626Bacon Sylva (1651) §553 There is a Cod, or Bag, that groweth commonly in the Fields..full of light Dust upon the Breaking. c1690B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Gold-Finch, he that has..a Purse or Cod of Gold in his Fob. Ibid., Cod, a good sum of Money..A rum cod, a good round sum of Money. 1785in Grose Dict. Vulg. Tongue.
†b. A civet bag, or musk-bag. (Perhaps belonging to 4 b.) Obs.
1600Dr. Dodypoll iii. ii. in Bullen O. Pl. III. 128, I will crown thee with a cod of Muske. 1616B. Jonson Epigr. xix, ‘On Sir Cod the perfumed’. That Cod can get no widow. c1622Fletcher Woman's Prize i. ii, Selling of counterfeit cods, or musty English crocus, Switches, or stones for th' tooth-ach. 1721C. King Brit. Merch. I. 300 Musk Cods 38½ doz. [1847–78Halliwell, Cod..In Elizabeth's time the little bag or purse used for perfumes was so called.]
2.
†a. The husk or outer covering of any fruit or seed.
b. The pod, husk or seed-vessel of a plant; esp. of peas, beans, and their congeners: cf. peascod. Now dial.
c1000Sax. Leechd. III. 112 Nim þanne winberian coddas [MS. coddes]. c1000Ags. Gosp. Luke xv. 16 Of þam bean coddum þe þa swyn æton. c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 289 Not worþe a cod. 1382Wyclif Luke xv. 16 Of the coddis whiche the hoggis eeten. c1440Promp. Parv. 85 Codde of frute or pesecodde, siliqua. 1523Fitzherb. Husb. §20 Kedlokes..hath small coddes, and groweth lyke mustard sede. 1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. (1586) 24 The other that beareth coddes as all kinde of pulse. 1597Gerarde Herbal i. xxxv. §3. 48 The seedes are conteined in square cods. 1662H. Stubbe Ind. Nectar ii. 13 He put two cods of Chile called long red Pepper. 1693Evelyn De la Quint. Compl. Gard. II. 145 Peas, or Pease..All the world knows they grow in Cods. 1727Switzer Pract. Gard. v. xlii. 221 In the..colour of their haulm, cods, etc. 1855Whitby Gloss. s.v., A pea cod, pea shell.
†3. = Belly, stomach. Cf. bag 13. Obs.
a1250Owl & Night. 1124 Þu mid þine fule codde, And mid þine ateliche sweore, Bi-werest maune corn vrom deore. c1386Chaucer Pard. T. 206 O wombe, o bely, o stynkyng is thi cod.
†b. ? = Larynx. Obs.
c1425Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 635/20 Nomina membrorum hominis..Hoc frumen, code.
4. The integument enveloping the testicles, the scrotum; improperly in pl. testicles. (Not in polite use.)
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. vii. lv. (1495) 269 The codde of the genetours. c1440Promp. Parv. 85 Codde, of mannys pryuyte. 1527Andrew Brunswyke's Distyll. Waters L vj, Good for a mannes yarde or coddes. 1615Crooke Body of Man 250 The cod is a rugous and thin skin. 1632Sherwood, The cod or cods of a man or beast, couillon, testicule. 1758J. S. Le Dran's Observ. Surg. (1771) Dict. Pneumatocele..Rupture in the Scrotum, or Cod. 1783P. Pott Chirurg. Wks. II. 14 [Ruptures] are called inguinal, scrotal, femoral..as they happen to make their appearance in the groin, cod, thigh.
†b. Applied to the inguinal sacs (formerly supposed to be the scrotum) of the beaver. (Cf. castor1 2.)
1634T. Johnson tr. Parey's Wks. 1029 The cods of the Castor or Beever..termed Castoreum. 1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. iii. iv. 113 Of the Beever, These cods or follicles, are found in both sexes, though somewhat more protuberant in the male.
5. The narrow closed part or bag at the lower end of a trawl-net or other fishing net.
1530Palsgr. 206/2 Codde of a nette, le col dune retz. 1592Lyly Midas iv. ii. 47. 1669 Worlidge Syst. Agric. (1681) 256 The Fisherman standing..with the Cod of the Net between his Legs. 1750R. Pultock P. Wilkins xxxiv. (1883) 92/2 Though my net was very long, yet for want of a bag or cod to inclose the fish, many..would swim to the extremes, and so get out. 1884Brit. Alm. & Comp. Comp. 30 The lower part [of the net] terminates in what is called the ‘cod’, or ‘cod-end’.
†b. transf. The centre of a spider's net or web.
1657S. Purchas Pol. Flying-Ins. 126 Spiders..lye in ambush in the cod or center of them out of sight.
†6. Naut. The inmost recess of a bay or inland sea. Obs.
1675H. Teonge Diary (1825) 106 Haveing..compassed the codd, or farthermost end of it [the Mediterranean]. 1743Bulkeley & Cummins Voy. S. Seas 117 They steered away into the Cod of a deep Bay. 1756P. Browne Jamaica 211, I found this plant near the cod of the bay.
†7. A cocoon. Obs. (Closely akin to 2.)
1616Surfl. & Markh. Country Farm 489 (Silk-worms) The choice of their huskes, or cods. 1622Bonoeil Making Silk 24 The Silk balls, bottomes, or cods. 1706Art of Painting (1744) 205 Shut up like a silk-worm in her cod. 1802W. Forsyth Fruit Trees xxvii. (1824) 395 All of them, after casting their slough several times, spin their cod.
8. Comb. cod-end = sense 5; cod-net, a net with a ‘cod’; † cod-pepper, capsicum; † cod-tree, the carob tree; † cod-weed, Centaurea nigra, or knap-weed. See also cod-bait, -piece, -ware, -worm.
1871Echo 15 Dec., The sprats are driven by the current in countless thousands into the ‘*cod’ end of the net. 1883Fisheries Exhib. Catal. 7 Roller Ground-ropes and Cod-ends.
1299Liber Custumarum (Rolls) 116 Il y a un autre manere de reye, qe lem apele ‘*codnet’.
1727A. Hamilton New Acc. E. Ind. II. xxxvi. 43 His Sauce is some Shrimps dried and powder'd, and some Salt and *Cod-pepper.
1704Collect. Voy. (Churchill) III. 47/1 The Algarrobo's or *Cod Tree.
▪ II. cod, n.2 North.|kɒd|
Forms: 4–6 codde, 4–7 codd, 5– cod, (5–6 kod(e, 6–7 code, 7– coad, mod.Sc. dial. code |kɔːd|).
[a. ODa. kodde, ON. koddi, pillow (Sw. kudde cushion): cf. Du. kodde:—OTeut. type *kuddon-, from same root as cod1, and closely related in sense, a pillow being a bag or covering stuffed with some soft substance.]
1. A pillow; a cushion. Sc. and north. dial.
a1400–50Alexander 4916 With curtyns all of clene sylke & coddis of þe same. 1402York Wills I. 288 Summo altari j. cervical, anglice a kode. c1460Towneley Myst. 84 When I nap on my cod. 1512Test. Ebor. (Surtees) V. 38 Two pilloo coddes with the valandes. 1549Compl. Scot. vi. (1872) 68, I maid ane cod of ane gray stane. 1578Richmond. Wills 277 iiij. pin cods and ij nedle casis. 1588A. King tr. Canisius' Catech. 138 Wae be vnto thame quha sewis soft kods to putt vnder euerie Elbok. 1612Inv. in McKay Hist. Kilmarnock (1864) 308 Auchteine codis, pairtlie filled with downis and pairt with fedderis. 1674Ray N.C. Words, Cod, a Pillow; Pin-cod, a Pincushion. 1682Vestry Bks. (Surtees) 206 For making a codd to the litany deske. 1737Ramsay Sc. Proverbs (1776) 74 (Jam.) Twa heads may lie upon ae cod. 1823Galt Entail I. vii. 47 Gae to thy bed and bring a cod for Mr. Walkinshaw.
2. Mech. One of the bearings of an axle; esp. (in early use) the ‘bolsters’ or brasses on which a church-bell swings.
1379Mem. Ripon (Surtees) III. 101 In xiij lb. de messyng pro ij coddes ad dictam campanam. 1425Ibid. III. 156 Pro uno kode de ære, 2s. 2d. 1839R. S. Robinson Naut. Steam Eng. 40 A small piece of cast-iron, flat on one side and half-round on the other, called a cod, is introduced, with its back bearing against the spring. 1881Raymond Mining Gloss., Cod (Newc.), the bearing of an axle.
3. Comb. cod-pillow = 1; cod-slip, a pillowcase; also cod-ware, q.v.
1569Wills & Inv. N.C. (1835) 302, ijo towells, v fyne cod-pillers vs.
▪ III. cod, n.3|kɒd|
Also 5 kod, 6 codde, 7 code, 7–8 codd.
[Origin uncertain: the name is known only as English. No notion of connexion with Gr. γάδος (mod. zoological L. gadus) is tenable.
One suggestion is that this is the same word as cod n.1, as if = ‘bag-fish’, from its appearance. Wedgwood suggests identity with obs. Flem. kodde = kudse club, cudgel (Kilian), comparing the analogy of It. mazzo beetle, club, mace..also a cod-fish (Florio). But the Flemings are not known to have ever called the fish kodde.]
1. a. A well-known sea fish, Gadus morrhua, which inhabits the North Atlantic and its connected seas; attaining to a length of 3 feet or more, and to a weight of 20, or in exceptional cases even 50 pounds. Sometimes extended (with qualifications) to other members of the Gadidæ or Cod-tribe. (Pl. now rare: the collective sing. cod being used instead.)
Varieties named from their habitats or stations are deep-water cod, rock cod, shore cod, bank cod (i.e. Newfoundland Bank), George's cod (George's Bank, Newf.), native cod; from colour, food, etc., brown cod, clam cod (i.e. clam-feeding), herring cod, worm cod.
1357Act 31 Edw. III, Stat. 3 c. 2 Les trois sortz de lob, lyng & cod. c1460J. Russell Bk. Nurture 845 in Babees Bk. 174 Hake, stokfysh, haddok, cod, & whytynge. 1463Mann. & Househ. Exp. (1841) 221, ffor ij. honderyd salt kodys. 1530Palsgr. 206/2 Codde a fysshe, cableav. 1624Capt. Smith Virginia i. 16 We tooke more Cod then we knew what to doe with. 1681S. Colvil Whigs Supplic. (1751) 121 Or like to salmons, or to codds, Or Turks, when they took in the Rhodes. 1700J. Law Counc. Trade (1751) 110 That..they could hedge in the herring, code and other sorts of fish. 1796Morse Amer. Geog. I. 150 The plenty of cod..is inconceivable. 1888G. B. Goode Amer. Fishes 339 Fish which live near the shore..are called ‘shoal-water Cod’, ‘Shore Cod’, ‘Inshore Cod’, ‘Worm-Cod’, ‘Clam-Cod’, ‘Brown Cod’.
b. More fully cod-fish.
1565–73Cooper Thesaurus s.v. Caput, Capito..a codde-fish. 1603Harsnet Pop. Impost. 93, I have other Cod-fish in water, that must not be forgotten. 1769Pennant Zool. III. 137 The great rendezvouz of the cod fish is on the Banks of Newfoundland. 1875Jevons Money (1878) 27 Dried codfish have acted as currency in..Newfoundland.
attrib.1865Daily Tel. 4 Dec. 5/6 A few of the cod-fish, shoddy, and petroleum aristocracy.
c. red cod.
1889Nature 21 Mar. 499 ‘Red Cod’, a fungoid condition sometimes met with in the preserved fish.
2. Applied to other fishes which take the economic place of the preceding in other regions:
a. On the Pacific coast of North America, various fishes belonging to the family Chiridae, also distinguished as bastard cod, blue cod, buffalo cod, cultus cod, green cod.
b. In New Zealand, a serranoid fish Polyprion prognathus, called by the Maories hapuku.
c. In Australia, a serranoid fish of the Murray River and its tributaries, Oligōrus macquariensis, usually called Murray cod.
1880Günther Introd. Study of Fishes 392 Called by the colonists ‘Murray-Cod’, being plentiful in the Murray River and other rivers of South Australia. 1888G. B. Goode Amer. Fishes 270 The Cultus Cod, Ophiodon elongatus, is universally called ‘Cod-fish’ where the true cod is unknown.
3. See also rock cod, a name applied to several distinct fishes, not related to the true Cod. One of these is also called in New Zealand blue cod.
4. Comb. cod-banger, a vessel used in the cod-fishery; cod-bank, a submarine bank (bank1 5) frequented by cod, or on which cod are caught; cod-chest, a chest in which cod are kept alive; cod-chowder (see chowder); cod-fisher, one who fishes for cod, also a vessel used in the cod-fishery; cod-fisherman = cod-fisher; cod-fishery, fishing for cod, esp. as a branch of industry locally organized; cod-fishing vbl. n., fishing for cod; cod-hook, a hook used in fishing for cod; cod-line, a line used in fishing for cod; cod-man, a vessel used in the cod-fishery; † cod-mop, some kind of fish; cod-oil = cod-liver oil; cod-pitchings, the lowest quality of cod-liver oil when obtained (as formerly) by allowing the livers to decompose; cod-sound, the ‘sound’ or air-bladder of the cod; cod-smack, a vessel engaged in cod-fishing. See also 1 b.
1864J. G. Bertram Notes of Trav. 51 The picturesque appearance of the *Cod bangers. 1865― Harvest of Sea x. (1873) 218 The fishermen of deck-welled cod-bangers use both hand-lines and long-lines.
1863Kingsley Water-bab. vii. 265 Eighty miles of *codbank. 1865Parkman Champlain i. (1875) 170 All frequented..the cod-banks of Newfoundland.
1884F. Day Commercial Sea Fishes 126 A plan is adopted for keeping cod alive by transferring them to *cod-chests, which are kept floating in docks.
1851H. Melville Whale xv. 73 A fine *cod-chowder was placed before us.
1769Falconer Dict. Marine (1789), *Cod-fisher.
1883A. Shea Newfoundland Fisheries 12 Herrings usually appear in August... The fishing is attended to by the *cod-fishermen as an adjunct to ‘the fishery’, as the cod-fishing alone is termed. 1962Times 13 Apr. 19/1 Most of them come from the north [of Portugal]..as the codfishermen have come for the past five centuries.
1753Scots Mag. XV. 65/1 The Danes are setting up a *cod-fishery on the coast of Iceland.
1632T. Morton New Eng. Canaan (1637) ii. vii. 86 The *Codd fishing is much used in America. 1716Stewart Letter-bk. in S.P.E. Tract LVIII. (1941) 298/2 Some friends and I have a Cod fishing on our West Cost. 1881Amer. Naturalist XV. 367, I had the opportunity of spending three months on a cod fishing schooner.
1634W. Wood New Eng. Prosp. i. xii. 52 Here likewise must not be forgotten all vtensils for the Sea, as Barbels, splitting-knives, Leads, and *Cod-hookes, and Lines. 1707in Essex Inst. Hist. Coll. (1866) VIII. 20 To 7 gross of Cod Hucks. 1838J. F. Cooper Homeward Bound III. vi. 150 Small balls of marline, to the end of each of which was attached a cod-hook.
1634W. Wood New Eng. Prosp. i. ix. 34 The Fisherman taking a *Cod-line,..throwes it into the Sea, the fish biting at it as he pulls her to him. 1686S. Sewall Letter Bk. 15 July (1886) I. 34, 20 Duz. of English cod Lines sound and strong. 1794Rigging & Seamanship I. 63 Cod-lines of 18 threads are used on the banks of Newfoundland. 1961F. H. Burgess Dict. Sailing 56 Codline, small 18-thread line used for many handy purposes... It is supplied for fishing.
1884Pall Mall G. 23 Feb. 10/2 The long-missing Grimsby fishing vessels..six trawlers and one *cod-man, and their crews.
1466Mann. & Househ. Exp. (1841) 337 My mastyr paid for xxix. *codmoppes, x.d. 1861Our Eng. Home 69.
1868Royle & Headland Mat. Med. (ed. 5) 745 The livers of some other fishes nearly related to the Cod..are supposed to yield a small part of the *Cod oil of commerce.
1858Encycl. Brit. (ed. 8) XVI. 494 Turbid, and extremely offensive to the smell, and is known under the name of *cod-pitchings.
1756in Picton L'pool Munic. Rec. (1886) II. 147 Building one *cod smack. 1808Forsyth Beauties Scotl. V. 12 Before..the French revolution, a London fishing-vessel or cod-smack was never seen in the Pentland Frith.
c1690B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, *Codsounds, the Pith or Marrow in the Cod's Back, esteem'd as choice Peck. 1836Mahony Reliques Father Prout, Watergr. Carousal, A keg of cod-sounds.
▪ IV. † cod, n.4 Obs.
Mud (containing shells) from the bottom of rivers. (See quots.)
1626A. Speed Adam out of E. xvi. (1659) 129 The mudd so taken out of the Rivers..called small Codd was so exceeding rich. 1669Worlidge Syst. Agric. v. §3 (1681) 68 Of Snayl-Cod, or Snag-greet. It lieth frequently in deep Rivers, it is from a Mud or Sludge, it is very soft, full of Eyes and wrinkles, and little shells, is very rich.
▪ V. cod, n.5 slang.
[In later times, app. used as an abbreviation of codger; but it is very doubtful if this is the origin, since it appears much earlier than codger.]
1. A slang appellation applied to persons, with various forces: see the quotations.
c1690B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Cod, also a Fool..An honest Cod, a trusty Friend. 1708Motteux Rabelais v. v. (1737) 18 O what an honest Cod was this same ædituus. 1851C. D. Bevan Let. in Beddoes' Poems & Lett. (Introd.) 130 [At the Charterhouse]..In those days the pensioners (or as we called them ‘Cods’) were not remarkable..for cleanliness. 1855Thackeray Newcomes II. 333 The old reverend black-gowns..the Cistercian lads called these old gentlemen Codds—I know not wherefore. 1873Slang Dict., Cod, to hoax, to take a ‘rise’ out of one. Used as a noun, a fool. 1878Macleod Hist. Dumbarton ii. 46 Ye vile drunken cod.
2. A joke; a hoax, leg-pull; a parody, a ‘take-off’. (See also E.D.D. n.5) Also attrib. or quasi-adj., parodying, burlesque; ‘mock’.
1905Sketch LI. 472/2 Says he: ‘Is that an absolute bargain—no cod?’ Says she: ‘I don't know what the fish has to do with it, but I am perfectly sincere.’ 1914Joyce Portr. Artist (1916) i. 45 Some fellows had drawn it there for a cod. 1952Granville Dict. Theatr. Terms 46 Cod version, a burlesque of a well-known play. 1959Church Times 16 Jan. 4/4 The ‘cod’ Victorian decorations tend to disguise the editor's underlying seriousness. 1959Listener 29 Jan. 228/1 She obliged, initially in the delicious hiccup polka, a cod of Old Vienna. Ibid. 228/2 Joyce Grenfell too, doing her evergreen cod chorister. 1961B. Wells Day Earth caught Fire ii. 31 Pete picked up the empty tea mug and again used it as a cod mike. ‘Alcoholics of the press, unite! 1962Listener 5 July 36/1 The very idiosyncratic cod cockney of the scenes. 1970Guardian 11 May 8/2 The cod version of ‘Road to Mandalay’.
▪ VI. cod, n.6 dial.
[perh. f. cod v.3]
(See quot.)
1887S. Cheshire Folk-sp., Cod, a humbug, imposition..‘That hoss-duty was a regilar cod of a thing.’
▪ VII. cod, n.7
Abbrev. of codswallop. Also cod's, cods.
Cf. also E.D.D. Cod, n.5 (Sense in quot. 1963 is ‘mix-up, mess-up’.)
1963B. S. Johnson Travelling People ii. 43 Yet another catastrophic geographical cods by the Cosmos (Affinities Dept.). 1965J. Porter Dover Three x. 123 Her mother had habitually threatened to fetch a policeman when she was naughty and young Eleanor had always thought this was a load of old cod. 1966Melody Maker 30 July 8/6 Those who think this whole scene is a load of old cod's. 1970M. Tripp Man without Friends iv. 46 If you think it's all a load of cod's why the hell waste a pound?
▪ VIII. † cod, v.1 Obs.|kɒd|
[f. cod n.1]
1. intr. To produce ‘cods’ or pods.
1532Fitzherb. Husb. §12 That they shoulde the better codde, and the sooner be rype. 1601Holland Pliny I. 559 All kinds of Pulse doe cod at sundrie times. 1615G. Sandys Trav. ii. 101 Their Dates..begin to cod about the beginning of February. 1693Evelyn De la Quint. Compl. Gard. II. 199 Before it [pease] begins to codd. 1710London & Wise Compl. Gard. (1719) 233.
2. trans. To gather the pods of (peas).
1570Levins Manip. 155/37 To codde peason, siliquas legere. 1690–1730 [cf. codder2].
3. intr. with out (said of over-ripe pulse or grain, the pods or ears of which drop the seed or grain when handled, or shaken by the wind). To shake out.
▪ IX. cod, v.2
[f. cod n.3]
intr. To fish for cod.
1861Mayhew Lond. Labour III. 213 (Hoppe) Then we went codding off the coast of Holland, for cod and haddock.
▪ X. cod, v.3 slang or dial.
[perh. f. cod n.5 in sense ‘fool’.]
trans. ‘To hoax, to take a ‘rise’ out of’ (Slang Dict. 1873); to humbug, impose upon. Also intr., to play a joke, to ‘kid’, to sham; to burlesque (see also quot. 1933). So ˈcodding vbl. n.
1884Cheshire Gloss., Coddin, humbugging. ‘Tha'st only coddin me as tha allus does; tha'l none tay me to see th' fair.’ 1887in S. Cheshire Folk-sp. 1889in Scotland. 1933P. Godfrey Back-Stage iii. 39 ‘Codding’ is the reprehensible habit of joking privately when on the stage. Ibid. 40 One famous actress is notorious for ‘codding’. Her favourite device is to talk in a ventriloquial whisper throughout the speeches of the other actors...‘Codding’ can also be done by gesture. 1935A. J. Cronin Stars look Down iii. viii. 550 Sammy always knew when he was inventing... ‘Eh, yor coddin' now, Uncle Davey?’ But Sammy liked the codding even better than the answers. 1941J. Cary House of Children 21 Harry murmured to me: ‘Look out for something—he's codding us.’ In fact, we had often had practical jokes played on us. 1947T. H. White Elephant & Kangaroo (1948) ix. 76 Ye think ye can do it, sorr, being a gintleman, but that's where they have ye codded. 1961M. Dickens Heart of London i. 50, I wouldn't cod you, not in a pub with your drink in my hand. 1966New Statesman 27 May 788/2 Instead of consequentiality, just as with Modesty Blaise recently, codding is the rule—in conjunction with some pleasant decors and rapid, almost evasive editing. |