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terreplein Fortif.
(ˈtɛəpleɪn, ‖ tɛrplɛ̃)
Forms: α. 6–7 terraplene, 7 -plana, -plane, teraplene, 8–9 terraplain. β. 6 terreplaine, 8–9 -plain, 9 -pleine, 8– terreplein.
[In α. ad. It. terrapieno, in Sp. terrapleno, in same sense; cf. It. terrapienare, Sp. terraplenar, to fill up with earth, f. terra earth + pieno (:—L. plēnus) full; in β. a. corresponding French terreplein. Both in F. and Eng., the second element was sometimes erroneously taken as It. piano, F. plain plane, flat, level (so in Littré), whence the former spellings -plain, -plane: cf. sense 2. A form terrapin app. from It. terrapieno appears in F. in 1567 (Godefroy Compl.); cf. terreplein v. below.]
1. Originally, The talus or sloping bank of earth behind a wall or rampart; hence, the surface of a rampart behind the parapet; and strictly, the level space on which the guns are mounted, between the banquette and the inner talus.
α1598Barret Theor. Warres 130 Vpon these Terraplenes should trees be planted. Ibid. Gloss. 253 Terraplene, an Italian word,..the earth that is rampired and filled vp vnto the inside of any wall or bulwarke. 1688R. Holme Armoury iii. xvi. (Roxb.) 100/1 The Terraplane or walk of the Rampire. 1689G. Walker Siege of Derry 9 The outside Wall of Stone, or Battlements above the Terra-plene is not more than two Foot in thickness. 1712J. James tr. Le Blond's Gardening 118 The Platform sustained by the Walls or Banks of the Terrasses..in Fortification, is call'd the Terra-plain. 1829Sun 17 Sept. 1/5 The insignificance of their batteries and the smallness of their terraplains, which prevent cannons of large calibre being placed there. 1859F. A. Griffiths Artil. Man. (1862) 260 The Terraplein is the upper part of the rampart, which remains after having constructed the parapet.
β1591Garrard's Art Warre 317 (Stanf.) If..you cannot make Trauerses vppon the Terreplaine, for that the Enemy doth hinder it. 1704J. Harris Lex. Techn. I, Terre-Plain, in Fortification, is the Platform or Horizontal Surface of the Rampart. 1830E. S. N. Campbell Dict. Mil. Sc. 88 The Banquette is placed behind this parapet, and the clear space left on the rampart, called its terrepleine, has been limited to about eighteen or twenty toises, terminated towards the town by a slope of 45°. 1879Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV. 138/1 Bastions are termed ‘full’ when the interior is level with the terre-plein of the rampart on either side of it.
transf.1848Blackw. Mag. July 99/2, I went out to the narrow terre-plain over the craig.
2. The level base (above, on, or below the natural surface of the ground) on which a battery is placed in field fortifications; sometimes, the natural surface of the ground (quots. 1669, 1756, 1853).[This latter use is manifestly connected with the mistaken derivation from plana, plaine, plain.] 1669Staynred Fortification 8 The Height of the Rampire..ought to be..18 Foot above the Terra Plana. 1756Dict. Arts, etc. s.v. Foundery of Bells, They first dig a hole of a sufficient depth to contain the mould of the bell, together with the ear or cannon under ground, and six inches lower than the terreplain where the work is done. 1828J. M. Spearman Brit. Gunner (ed. 2) 37 Breaching batteries..must be sunk to such a depth that the terreplein of the covered-way may coincide with the soles of the embrazures. 1853Stocqueler Milit. Encycl., Terre-plein, in field fortification, the plane of site or level country around a work. 1884Mil. Engineering (ed. 3) I. ii. 64 Batteries may be classed as follows, viz.: ‘Sunken batteries’, in which the terreplein is sunk below the surface of the ground. ‘Elevated batteries’, in which the terreplein is on or above the natural surface of the ground.
Hence † ˈterreplein (corruptly terrapin) v. Obs. rare, to furnish with a terreplein.
1672in Fort St. George (Madras) Recds., Whither the Curtains of the Christian Town to bee strengthened and Terrapined. |