| 释义 |
preventer|prɪˈvɛntə(r)|
[f. prevent v. + -er1. See also preventor.]
One who prevents.
†1.
a. One who goes or acts before another, an anticipator. Obs.
1624Bacon War w. Spain Wks. 1879 I. 540/2 The arch⁓duke was the assailant, and the preventer, and had the fruit of his diligence and celerity.
†b. The rhetorical figure of procatalepsis, by which an opponent's arguments are anticipated.
1589Puttenham Eng. Poesie iii. xix. (Arb.) 239, I will also call him the figure of presupposall or the preuenter, for by reason we suppose before what may be said, or perchaunce would be said, by our aduersary, or any other, we do preuent them of their aduantage.
2. A person or thing that hinders, restrains, or keeps something from occurring or being done.
1587Greene Penelopes Web Wks. (Grosart) V. 150 Consideration, the preuenter of had I wist, tied him..to the performing of these forenamed premisses. a1684Leighton Comm. 1 Pet. Wks. (1868) 274 Prayer..that preventer of judgments. 1725Bradley Fam. Dict. s.v. Wind, The fierce bitter Blasts in the Spring destroying whole Fields; of which nothing is a preventer but Inclosures. a1846C. Fry Script. Reader's Guide viii. (1863) 118 The preventers, till their cup of wrath be full, of the Saviour's reign. 1884Health Exhib. Catal. 46/1 The latest improvements of Water-waste Preventers. 1920Chambers's Jrnl. Mar. 208/1 A single set of hydrofoils under the bow, known as a preventer, helps to lift the boat when getting up speed, while checking any tendency to nose-dive.
3. Naut.
a. Orig. preventer-rope, as in quot. 1625; later, applied to any rope used as an additional security to aid other ropes in supporting spars, etc., during a strong gale, or to prevent the mischief caused by their breaking; and at length extended to supplementary parts generally: see quot. 1867.
a1625Nomenclator Navalis s.v. Roape (Harl. MS. 2301) A preuenter-roape (which is a little rope seased crosse ouer the Ties close at the Ramhead that if one parte of the Ties should breake the other should not run through the Ram⁓head to endanger the Yard). [So 1627 Capt. Smith Seaman's Gram. vi. 28; 1678–1706 in Phillips.]
1711W. Sutherland Shipbuild. Assist. 162 Preventers, Ropes that have Wale Knots at each End, chiefly used in Sea-fights. For when Rigging is in part shot, such Ropes are apply'd to prevent the damaged Ropes being quite broke off. 1840R. H. Dana Bef. Mast xxxiii, We..ran out the boom and lashed it fast, and sent down the lower halyards as a preventer. 1859F. A. Griffiths Artill. Man. (1862) 115 Two luff tackles, one preventer rope. 1867Brande & Cox Dict. Sc., etc., Preventer, on Shipboard [is] a term applied to any rope, chain, bolt, &c., which is placed..as a deputy or duplicate for another similar instrument. 1868Morn. Star 6 Jan., The main yard was supported from the lowermost head by stay tackles; from the topmost head there was a strengthening tackle, and from the lowermost head to the yard there were preventers.
b. attrib. and Comb. (a) with specification of the rope, as preventer-backstay, preventer-brace, preventer-gasket, preventer-guy, preventer sheet, preventer-shroud, preventer-stay, preventer-stopper; (b) denoting various other secondary or additional parts serving to strengthen or take the place of the main ones, as preventer-bolt, preventer-plate, preventer-post, preventer-stern-post: see quots.
1832Marryat N. Forster xxvi, The boatswain proposed a *preventer backstay. 1880Daily Tel. 7 Sept., The wind is playing a tune on the preventer backstay as if it were a fiddlestring. 1912W. I. Downie Reminisc. Blackwall Midshipman ii. 22, I expect preventer backstays were practically a permanent part of her equipment during the trip. 1939H. Hughes Through Mighty Seas x. 264 For the first time I saw preventer back-stays being rigged from the main top-gallant mast.
1815Burney Falconer's Dict. Marine, *Preventer-Bolts, are bolts driven in the lower end of the preventer-plates, to assist the strain of the chain-bolts.
1776Falconer Dict. Marine, s.v. *Preventer-brace,..Preventer-shrouds, and Preventer-stays. 1840R. H. Dana Bef. Mast xxxiii, Preventer braces were reeved and hauled taut. 1867G. E. Clark Seven Years of Sailor's Life xx. 203 We had the barque under a close-reefed main-topsail, and with preventer braces on the yard, flew on the waves. 1926T. M. Hemy Deep Sea Days ii. 64 It was ‘all hands wear ship’; then up aloft and change the preventer braces from one side to another.
1888W. B. Churchward Blackbirding 138 We then closely furled the sails, putting *preventer gaskets round them all. 1907M. Roberts Flying Cloud xxxii. 304 Budd went aloft on the cro' jack-yard and passed a couple of preventer gaskets.
1888Clark Russell Death Ship I. 41 *Preventer guys were clapped on the swinging-booms. 1923Man. Seamanship (Admiralty) II. xi. 188 In the recent America Cup Races, both craft tried taking a preventer guy out to the weather crosstrees if the wind was light enough.
1815Burney Falconer's Dict. Marine, *Preventer-plate, a broad plate of iron, fixed below the toe-link of the chains to support them against the efforts of the masts and shrouds, having a chain-bolt driven through its upper end, and a preventer-bolt through the lower. 1874Thearle Naval Archit. 60 The lower bar, which is fitted to give support to the bolt in the lower end of the upper bar, is known as a preventer plate.
1841R. H. Dana Seaman's Man. 77 Lash the upper part of the *preventer post to the upper part of the ship's stern-post.
1867G. E. Clark Seven Years of Sailor's Life xix. 191 The mainsail was furled, and *preventer sheets put on the fore boom.
1748Anson's Voy. i. v. 56 The other ships..set up a sufficient number of *preventer shrouds to each mast, to secure them in the most effectual manner. 1776*Preventer-stay [see preventer-brace]. 1794Rigging & Seamanship I. 108 This sail..is extended on the main-topmast preventer-stay.
1830N. S. Wheaton Jrnl. 515 To construct one..with a *preventer stern-post, would have required the labour of a fort⁓night.
1730Capt. W. Wriglesworth MS. Log-bk. of the ‘Lyell’ 24 Mar., Wee..put a *preventer Stoper on the Stranded Shroud and set it up again.
4. In full blow-out preventer. A heavy valve or assembly (‘stack’) of valves usu. fitted at the top of an oil well during drilling and closed in the event of a blow-out.
1916A. B. Thompson Oil-Field Devel. & Petroleum Mining vii. 367 An apparatus which is largely employed with rotaries is what is called a ‘Blow-out Preventer’. 1934Proc. World Petroleum Congr. 1933 I. 370/2 The main feature is a heavy rubber sleeve packer held in a container which is free to revolve in ball bearings inside the body of the preventer. 1962Economist 15 Sept. 1046/2 The blow-out preventers and the drill bit itself can be lowered. 1972L. M. Harris Introd. Deepwater Floating Drilling Operations x. 98 All preventers should have a pressure rating in excess of the maximum that could be expected on the wellhead. 1976Offshore Engineer July 6/4 Shell has recovered, from 130m of water, the blow-out preventer (bop) stack which fell to the seabed while being lowered into position from the rig Chris Chenery. 1977Daily Tel. 29 Apr. 2/1 They went to the gang boss and it was decided to rectify it when another driller noticed a small stream of mud running from the preventer's outlet. |