| 释义 |
occlude, v.|əˈkluːd|
Chiefly in scientific use. Also (rare) obclude.
[ad. L. oc-, obclūd-ĕre to shut up, f. ob- (ob- 1 b, c) + claudĕre to close. Cf. mod.F. occlure.]
1. trans. To shut or stop up so as to prevent anything from passing in, out, or through; to obstruct (a passage); to close (a vessel or opening).
1597A. M. tr. Guillemeau's Fr. Chirurg. 26/2 An vlceratione wherbye her throate was allmost occluded and stopped. 1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. ii. vi. 97 Ginger is the root of..an herbaceous plant..which..they take up, and..role it up in earth, whereby occluding the pores, they conserve the naturall humidity. 1670Maynwaring Vita Sana vii. 85 Exercise opens the Pores..which otherwise by too much rest are occluded and shut up. a1850J. C. Calhoun Wks. (1874) II. 105 There was scarcely a port in Europe, which..was not occluded to British commerce. 1854J. Scoffern in Orr's Circ. Sc., Chem. 303 Occlude either end of the..tube with a..bung. 1880M. Mackenzie Dis. Throat & Nose I. 86 To produce suffocation by occluding the larynx. 1894Proc. Zool. Soc. 434 Only about half the iris is visible, and even some part of the lens is obcluded.
2. a. To prevent the passage of (a thing) by placing something in the way; to shut in, out, or off; to inclose or exclude. Also, to cover or hide; spec. to cover (an eye) so as to block its sight.
1623Cockeram, Occlude, to shut out. 1657Tomlinson Renou's Disp. 60 Medicaments are occluded in some convenient vessel. 1879Stevenson Trav. Cevennes 102 The lights alternately occluded and revealed. 1909H. G. Wells Tono-Bungay i. ii. 74 In the middle was the brown coffin end,..half occluded by the vicar's Oxford hood. 1921Amer. Jrnl. Ophthalm. IV. 239/1 The choice of the eye to be covered is usually determined by finding out which eye the patient uses for pointing or aiming at a distant object, and occluding the other, or if one eye is defective, by occluding that. 1932Ibid. XV. 321/1 The nondominant eye is occluded by having its spectacle lens replaced..by a black patch. 1963Hirsch & Wick Vision of Children (1964) vii. 223 For suppression or for amblyopia with central (foveal) fixation, the preferred eye is usually occluded (direct occlusion). 1975Nature 6 Feb. 406/1 During early childhood amblyopia can be cured by simple treatments such as by occluding the good eye for a period.
b. Chem. Of certain metals and other solids: To absorb and retain (gases) within their substance.
1866T. Graham in Phil. Trans. CLVI. 423 (21 June) It may be allowed to speak of this [power to absorb hydrogen at a red heat, and to retain that gas] as a power to occlude (to shut up) hydrogen, and the result as the occlusion of hydrogen by platinum. Ibid. 424 One volume of spongy platinum appears capable of occluding 1·48 vol. hydrogen. 1880Athenæum No. 2748. 828 This Metal [Aluminium] occludes Hydrogen. 1881C. W. Siemens in Nature XXIII. 327 These gases are partly occluded or absorbed within the coal. 1884Cassell's Fam. Mag. Apr. 319/1 Hydrogen gas should be occluded in one of the platinum plates.
3. intr. Dentistry. Of a tooth: to come into contact with a tooth or teeth of the other set.
1888E. S. Talbot Irregularities of Teeth i. v. 64 When the first permanent molars in both jaws have erupted so that they occlude, this will prevent forward progression. Ibid. 65 The anterior teeth do not occlude, and when the jaws are closed quite a space is observed. 1913A. Hopewell-Smith Introd. Dental. Anat. & Physiol. xi. 233 The teeth in Man do not..occlude by means of their cusps, but by a perfect system of interdigitation. 1974Geiger & Hirschfeld Minor Tooth Movement (ed. 3) ii. 41 The mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar occludes with the buccal groove of the mandibular first molar in centric occlusion.
4. trans. Chem. To carry (a substance) out of solution by occlusion (sense 5); to trap within growing crystals of a precipitate.
1920Chem. Abstr. XIV. 3030 Ca and Mg compds. are occluded in the pptn. of Fe{ppp} by NH4OH. 1929L. P. Hammett Solutions of Electrolytes i. iii. 40 Cadmium sulfide carries down or occludes barium sulfide, although the latter is a very soluble substance. 1930W. T. Hall Textbk. Quantitative Analysis xi. 141 If the barium sulfate adsorbs or occludes ferric sulfate, the latter will lose SO3 upon ignition. 1950Kolthoff & Sandell Textbk. Quantitative Inorg. Analysis (rev. ed.) viii. 111 If the incorporated material fits in the crystal lattice of the precipitate (host crystal), it is occluded in the form of mixed crystals or a solid solution. 1952Diehl & Smith Quantitative Analysis ii. 33 Precipitates that occlude the mother liquor seriously should be dissolved and reprecipitated under such conditions that little foreign material..is present in the solution.
5. intr. Meteorol. Of a front or frontal system: to undergo occlusion (sense 7).
1940N. Shaw Forecasting Weather (ed. 3) xxviii. 583 There is a further supply of warm air available to provide a warm sector in the new formation, which runs through a life-history..and in due course occludes. 1955W. J. Saucier Princ. Meteorol. Analysis ix. 270/1 The front occludes further, and meantime the cyclonic circulation becomes larger and more symmetric. 1969S. Petterssen Introd. Meteorol. (ed. 3) xiii. 212 During the further development, the cold front overtakes the warm front and the system is said to occlude.
Hence oˈccluded ppl. a., spec. in Meteorol., applied to a front or frontal system in which a cold front has caught up with a warm front; oˈccluding ppl. a.
1802Paley Nat. Theol. xvi. §4 (1819) 249 The opening of this occluded mouth. 1866T. Graham in Phil. Trans. CLVI. 424 (21 June) The volume of occluded hydrogen is much larger than in the fused platinum. 1882Proctor Fam. Sc. Stud. 52 Some meteors carry many times their own volume of occluded gas. 1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VI. 179 These veins may contain..occluding thrombi. 1922Bjerknes & Solberg in Geofysiske Publikationer III. i. 4 The remaining part of the warm sector near the centre also disappears fairly soon, so that the cyclone on the ground only consists of cold air... For this type we have chosen the name ‘occluded cyclones’. 1934D. Brunt Physical & Dynamical Meteorol. xviii. 324 When a depression has become occluded, the cold front trails behind the depression. 1941B. Haurwitz Dynamic Meteorol. xv. 315 In this situation the occluded cyclone can increase its kinetic energy again. 1955[see occlusion 7]. 1970F. W. Cole Introd. Meteorol. xii. 266 If an occluded front is well advanced in development, the warm-front portion may have little or no effect on the ensuing weather. |