| 释义 |
▪ I. circulate, v.|ˈsɜːkjʊleɪt|
Also 6 circo-. pa. pple. 5–6 circulat(e.
[f. L. circulāt- ppl. stem of circulāre to make circular, to encircle; deponent circulāri to gather in a circle, to collect people about one; in med.L. and Romanic to move in a circle, etc.; f. circulus circle: see also -ate3.]
†1. Old Chem. trans. To subject a substance to continuous distillation in a closed vessel (circulatory n.), in which the vapour was caused to condense at the top of the apparatus and to flow back into the original liquid, the whole thus undergoing repeated vaporization and condensation. Obs.
1471Ripley Comp. Alch. Ep. in Ashm. Theatr. (1652) 116 In Balneo of Mary togeather let them be circulat. 1545T. Raynalde Byrth Man. 23 The artire blud, whorlid, circulat, & coagitat together, etc. 1594Plat Jewell-Ho. ii. 21 Some doo vse to circulate the same in Balneo, til it clarifie. 1599Greene Orpharion Wks. (Grosart) XII. 66 Women as the purest quintissence circolated from all other liuing things, are therefore the most beautifull and faire. 1641French Distill. i. (1651) 26 Circulate this in a Pellican with a moderate heat for the space of a month. 1696Phillips, To circulate..in a Vessel call'd a Pelican: wherein the same Vapour which is elevated into the Air by the Fire, falls down again to remount and be distill'd several times.
†2. To gather into a circle.
1513Douglas æneis vi. viii. 21 Onto Eneas left syde and rycht hand The saulis flokkis circulate [v.r. circulit] in a rout.
†3. trans. To go or run round; to encircle, encompass, surround. Obs.
1571Digges Pantom. ii. xxi. P j, Thus proceeding till ye haue circulate the figure..ye shall in the ende departe the whole figure into as many equall portions as ye determined. 1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. vi. xlvi. 160 He circulated seuen hils with a Wall. 1611― Theat. Gt. Brit. xxv. (1614) 49/1 Herefordshire..lyeth circulated upon the North with Worcester and Shropshire. 1685Bp. Croft Animadv. Burnet's Th. Earth Pref., May I not conclude for certain that this man hath been in the moon, where his head hath been intoxicated with circulating the earth?
4. intr. To move round, turn round, revolve, formerly round an axis (obs.), or in an orbit (arch.); now round a circuit, circuitous course, system of pipes, or the like. (Influenced by 5.)
1672Newton in Phil. Trans. VII. 5099 A Top..made to circulate by whipping it. 1718J. Chamberlayne Relig. Philos. Pref. (1730) 51 Balls, which like Planets circulate about it. 1830Sir J. Herschel Stud. Nat. Phil. 193 The moon circulates about the earth. 1852Conybeare & H. St. Paul (1862) I. iv. 106 These movements begin to circulate more and more round a new centre of activity. 1854Ronalds & Richardson Chem. Technol. (ed. 2) I. 224 The air..entering at the bottom of the stove..circulates round the flues. 1878Huxley Physiogr. 74 The circuit in which every drop of water is compelled to circulate. 1882Mrs. H. Reeve Cookery & Housek. ii. (ed. 2) 9 The claret decanters should circulate two or three times round the table.
5. intr.
a. spec. Of the blood: To flow from the heart through the arteries and veins back to the heart again. Extended to the continuous motion of other fluids in the vessels of animals and plants.
1656tr. Hobbes' Elem. Philos. (1839) 407 The blood, perpetually circulating (as hath been shown from many infallible signs and marks by Doctor Harvey) in the veins and arteries. a1691Boyle Wks. II. 69 (R.) Blood [of vipers], even whilst it circulates, we have always found, as to sense, actually cold. 1746–7Hervey Medit. (1818) 123 This, attracted by the root, and circulating through invisible canals..clothes the forest with all its verdant honours. 1847Emerson Poems, Threnody Wks. (Bohn) I. 492 Blood is blood which circulates.
b. Of persons: To go about in a social circle, ‘go the round’; spec. to move around at a gathering, talking to different people.
1863Mrs. Oliphant Salem Ch. i. 8 He came..by no means prepared to circulate among his flock. 1870Hawthorne Eng. Note Bks. (1879) II. 96 Who, at the age of ninety, is still circulating in society. 1928E. Waugh Decl. & F. i. ix. 97 Circulate, old boy, circulate. Things aren't going too smoothly. 1960J. Wain Nuncle 88 Shall we circulate a bit?.. Otherwise we shan't have spoken to a soul.
6. intr. (with extended sense).
a. To pass from place to place freely and continuously so as to visit every part; to pass from hand to hand or from mouth to mouth. Also, of a newspaper or periodical: to pass into the hands of readers, to be extensively taken and read.
1664Evelyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 231 The Air..circulates through..to the Grate of the Stove. 1691Locke Money Wks. 1727 II. 92 If our Money and Trade were to circulate only amongst our selves. 1751Johnson Rambler No. 144 ⁋10 Secret history..is for the most part believed only while it circulates in whispers. 1794Sullivan View Nat. I. 372 That ether which is continually circulating through all things. 1833H. Martineau Loom & Lugger i. iii. 42 The money circulating in this neighbourhood. 1885Act 48 Vic. c. 16 §9 Newspapers published or circulating in the County.
b. To travel or walk about. Chiefly U.S.
a1848in Bartlett Dict. Amer. 395 Arriving in Maryland, a slave State, he circulates at a cost of from three to five cents a mile. 1907Mulford Bar-20 viii. 83 Shore, go home. I'll just circulate around some for exercise. 1910Kipling Rewards & Fairies 153 As we French say, I circulated till I found the galley.
7. a. trans. To put into circulation, put about, promulgate, give currency to, diffuse; put into the hands of readers, etc.
1777Sheridan Sch. Scand. i. i, Did you circulate the report of Lady Brittle's intrigue with Captain Boastall? 1815Scribbleomania 268 note, To print and circulate the Bible. 1848Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 104 A little tract..had been actively circulated through the ranks. 1868E. Edwards Raleigh I. vii. 110 The news of the enemy's preparations were circulated..throughout the country.
b. lit. To hand or pass round.
c1793Jane Austen Volume the First (1954) 54 Come Girls, let us circulate the Bottle. 1830M. R. Mitford Our Village IV. 104 Our drover could never resist..the gin-bottle, and..was apt to circulate it at his own expense. 1884Law Times 14 June 121/1 After the loving cup had been circulated, the Lord Mayor submitted the loyal toasts.
c. To send circulars to. (Cf. circular B. 2.)
1969Daily Tel. 9 Apr. 16 ‘We circulated head teachers of every secondary school and every independent school,’ says Cox, ‘and are still selling 100 copies a day.’ 1970Ibid. 18 Apr. 15 By using the wildlife fund's mailing list it has circulated some 97,000 of the fund's members.
8. Math. Of decimal fractions: To recur, repeat in periods of several figures (see circulating).
1768Robertson Circ. Decimals in Phil. Trans. LVIII. 209 Some of them [decimal fractions] recur, or circulate; that is, the same figure or figures run over again and again ad infinitum. 1827Hutton Course Math. I. 75 note, The decimal circulates in a complete period of 28 figures.
†9. To beat out, emboss (metal). Obs.
▪ II. † ˈcirculate, n. Obs. Math.
[f. prec. or its source.]
A circulating decimal.
1768Robertson Circ. Decimals in Phil. Trans. LVIII. 213 The proper denominator of the circulate. 1796Hutton Math. Dict. I. 290/1 That part of the circulate which repeats, is called the repetend. 1827― Course Math. I. 75 note, In corresponding circulates of 28 figures. |